Performance Of Public Entities Research Articles

Veiklos audito ištakos bei raida pasaulyje ir Lietuvoje

Didėjant poreikiui racionaliai naudoti išteklius, saugoti aplinką bei užtikrinti socialinę gerovę veiklos audito reikšmė didėja. Istorinės jo atsiradimo ištakų ir raidos žinios supratimą apie tai, kas yra veiklos auditas, kam jis skirtas, koks jo atlikimo tikslas, daro platesniu. Straipsnio tikslas - pateikti veiklos audito raidos etapus, reglamentavimą bei ypatumus teoriniu aspektu užsienio bei Lietuvos literatūroje. Tikslui pasiekti taikyti mokslinės literatūros analizės, istorinis, lyginamasis, informacijos grupavimo, sisteminimo ir apibendrinimo tyrimo metodai. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama veiklos audito transformacija iš socialinio audito atliekamo privataus kapitalo subjektuose iki šių dienų atliekamo veiklos audito, kuris yra reglamentuotas ir taikomas vertinti viešųjų subjektų veiklą. Straipsnyje veiklos audito raida nagrinėjama keturiais etapais: 1) 1940-1950 pirmieji bandymai veiklą vertinti net tik ekonominiais, bet ir socialiniais parametrais; 2) 1950-1970 vystosi du požiūriai išskiriant socialinius ir ekonominius parametrus; 3) 1970-1990 atsiranda veiklos audito srities standartai, reglamentavimas, pirmieji moksliniai tyrimai; 4) 1990-2020 koreguojami ir patvirtinami veiklos audito standartai ir gairės, plačiai atliekami moksliniai tyrimai. Kiekvienu nagrinėjamu laikotarpiu vyko skirtingos mokslinės diskusijos veiklos vertinimo ir veiklos audito tema. Taip pat straipsnyje atskleidžiama veiklos audito įvairiapusiškumo problema, kuri sudaro prielaidas tolesniems tyrimams.

The Combat against COVID-19 in Portugal: How State Measures and Data Availability Reinforce Some Organizational Values and Contribute to the Sustainability of the National Health System

Countries are facing a pandemic crisis in the context of a new disease from the coronavirus family, referred to as COVID-19. This article aims to present the main facts related to the fight against the pandemic from the perspective of the Portuguese governance, aiming to contribute to the knowledge of crisis management by political leaders as well as the performance of public entities. The present research was conducted through a quantitative approach, using data publicly provided by the Portuguese Directorate General of Health. An explanatory and descriptive study is presented about the current panorama, and yet to be shared good practices of crisis management and the relevance of organizational values in crisis management and crisis coordination are also discussed. Based on the lessons from Portugal, the authors suggest the relevance of organizational values and stakeholders’ coordination as key factors in crisis situations, such as the current one.

Influence of Procurement Process on the Performance of Public Entities (A Case Study of Nairobi County Government)

Globally public procurement plays a pivotal role in the provision of goods, works and services in every economy. Enhancement in the performance of the public procurement system is key ingredient for ensuring value for money is achieved in order to safeguard public funds particularly in the implementation of economic pillars such as the “Big Four Agenda” and Vision 2030. This is the case because 60% of Kenyan budget is spent through procurement contracts. This study sought to investigate the influence of user departments on the performance of procurement process in Kenya. Specific objectives of the study included: To examine the role of specification writing on the performance of public entities in Kenya, To investigate the influence of procurement plan on the performance of public entities in Kenya, To assess the effect of tender evaluation on the performance of public entities in Kenya and To determine the influence of receiving procedure on the performance the public entities in Kenya. The study will be guided by the following theories: resource based theory, systems theory, Expectancy theory and institutional Theory. Descriptive research design as well as quantitative research design were adopted using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The target population was 1000 employees of Nairobi County government. The study adopted stratified random sampling to select the sample size of 100 respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and oral interview . Descriptive statistics was employed aided by statistical package for social sciences version 21 to compute the percentages. Inferential statistics using regression and correlation analysis was applied to assist in examining the relationship between variables.

New Public Management Reforms and Efficiency in Urban Water Service Delivery in Developing Countries

Managing publicly owned entities using private sector principles, commonly known as New Public Management (NPM), is a widespread reform in Developing Countries. The theoretical and empirical debate on the effect of NPM on the performance of Public entities is still ongoing, yet limited research has been conducted in the water sector in developing countries. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit regression on 300 observations, the influence of adopting NPM reform dimensions of segregation of functions, managerial autonomy, accountability for results, customer orientation, and market orientation on technical efficiency of urban public water utilities has been addressed. The results indicate a high likelihood of the NPM reform causing a change in the technical efficiency of the Decision-Making Units (DMUs) in National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) in Uganda though it was not the case for the DMUs of Dar es Salaam Water and Sewerage Corporation (DAWASCO) in Tanzania.

A Model for Assessing the Performance of Bureaucracy in Spain

The aim of this paper is to put forward a simplified model which may help to explain the workings and performance of public entities in Spain. Starting from a bilateral monopoly characterization, we shall take into account the working rules, the decision-making mechanisms and the system of rewards and penalties in Spanish public administrations. This implies introducing different assumptions about the demand and the costs conditions what will lead us obtain meaningful distinct results from those reached in the standard models of bureaucratic behavior.