Performance Of Na Research Articles

Interfacial polymerization modulated by COFs interlayer to fabricate efficient mono/divalent ions separation nanofiltration membrane

Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes have been recently applied in the mono/divalent ions separation, which is essential for resource recycle, wastewater treatment, and lithium resource extraction. However, the TFC membranes fabricated between the polyethyleneimine (PEI) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) usually show a low water permeance. Herein, piperazine (PIP) is added in the PEI aqueous phase solution to fabricate a polyamide (PA) layer for the enhancement of water permeance. Meanwhile, the diffusion rate of PIP to the two-phase interface is reduced by the hydrogen bond effect between PIP and MPDTp COFs interlayer, which can weaken the reaction of PIP and TMC and maintain a high ion rejection. Pure water permeance of the obtained PA-PIP/Fe-COF/PES membrane is 16.1 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, and the Li+/Mg2+ separation factor is 73.0, which is almost two times higher than the PA-PIP/PES under Li+/Mg2+ mass ratio of 1:20. Besides, the membrane also keeps satisfactory performance in Na+/Mg2+, Cl−/SO42−, Na+/Ca2+ separation, and ten days of long-term testing. Therefore, this work raises a new strategy to prepare a high-efficiency mono/divalent ions separation nanofiltration membrane.

Tellurium doped sulfurized polyacrylonitrile nanoflower for high-energy-density, long-lifespan sodium-sulfur batteries

Sodium-sulfur (Na−S) batteries are promising energy storage devices for large-scale applications due to their high-energy-density and abundant material reserve. However, the practical implementation of room temperature (RT) Na−S batteries faces challenges, including low-energy-density and limited lifespan, particularly attributed to the properties of sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN). In this study, we address these challenges by introducing tellurium doping into SPAN nanoflowers, enhancing their performance for Na−S batteries. The resulting material exhibits high sulfur loading as well as superior electron and ion transport properties, leading to enhanced redox kinetics and improved battery performance. The tellurium-doped SPAN nanoflower electrode delivers an exceptional composite capacity of 700 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and demonstrates stable cycling over 2400 cycles with minimal capacity fade (0.01 % average fading rate). Even under challenging conditions (24.0 mg cm−2, E/S=5 mg μLS−1, N/P=2.1), the Na−S battery achieves a high areal capacity of 16.1 mAh cm−2, resulting in an impressive energy density of 340.9 Wh kg–1 based on cathode and anode. This work presents a promising approach to designing high-energy-density, long-lifespan RT Na−S batteries, with potential applications for other metal-sulfur battery systems.

Impact of Potassium in Layered Cobalt Oxide Cathodes on Electrochemical Performance in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

AbstractRechargeable sodium‐ion batteries are promising sustainable energy storage systems, owing to their low cost and high energy density. However, the existing cathode chemistries, particularly layered sodium transition metal oxides, exhibit restricted electrochemical performance, which hinders their extensive applications. To overcome challenges, originating from kinetically limited structural transformations, various cation substitutions are reported in the literature. Especially the partial Na–K replacement is discussed recently, which can increase bulk Na‐diffusivity and suppress undesirable phase transitions. Here, a critical study of potassium doping in different layered materials P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2 and P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2*0.5H2O with redox‐active Co (and Mn), and P2‐Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2 and P2‐K0.1Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2 with Co activity is presented. It is found that the presence of K significantly enhances the moisture sensitivity: P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2*0.5H2O is quickly formed in the air from K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2, while Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2 remains stable under the same conditions. In electrochemical Na‐cells, a partial K–Na cation exchange in P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2 and P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2*0.5H2O occurs without applying current. The electrochemical performance of P3‐K0.5Co0.33Mn0.67O2 is slightly increased in comparison to K‐free P2‐Na0.67Co0.33MnO.67O2 from the literature, staying, however, behind the performance of Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2. K0.1Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2 shows weaker rate capability than isostructural Na0.7Co0.8Ti0.2O2, reflecting a negative impact of K on Na‐diffusivity. Therefore, effect of K‐incorporation in layered structures on the battery performance strongly depends on the cathode composition.

Polyanion‐Induced Single Na‐Ion Polymer Electrolytes for Ultra‐Stable Sodium Metal Batteries

AbstractSodium is an abundant resource standing as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium for the next generation of battery anode materials. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) present a prospective choice for realizing sodium‐metal batteries. SPEs exhibit excellent interface compatibility, but the crucial bottleneck is how to achieve high ionic conductivity and Na+ transference number simultaneously. Herein, using a one‐step ion exchange method to synthesize 2‐Acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPSNa) with low dissociation energy. Subsequently, employing thermally induced free radical polymerization facilitated the bonding of AMPSNa into polymer's backbone to construct a polyanion‐induced single Na‐ion polymer electrolyte, which can effectively improve the cation freedom, realize low potential barrier sodium‐ion migration, thereby constructing a stable electrolyte/Na anode interface. SPE exhibits high ionic conductivity of 4.3 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature and Na+ transference number of 0.82. The AMPSNa‐rich vesicular surface of the SPE anchors to the sodium surface, providing a 3D Na+ transport channel and inducing the formation of a F, O, and N enriched solid‐electrolyte interphase to inhibit dendrite growth. The highly protective interface also leads to outstanding rate performance in Na||Na3V2(PO4)3 cell, proficiently sustaining over 1300 cycles at 4 C with a high capacity retention of 94.7%.

Ecstasy in Music: The Case of Sema and Semah

Ecstasy is a state of altered consciousness in which a person is in a state of trance. The person in this state experiences an introspection and returns to their essence. Such a state can also be likened to being asleep or hypnotized. But more than these states, ecstasy refers to a conventionalized state of unusualness. In other words, ecstasy can occur in societies and these moods of ecstasy can change. Therefore, ecstasy continues to exist not only in the past but also in the present. In this regard, ecstasy appears as a universal word with different meanings and different nomenclatures from culture to culture. Containing different meanings and different nomenclature, ecstasy is generally associated with music. In fact, music acts as an intermediary in the transition to the state of ecstasy. This situation allows us to speak of a relationship between ecstasy and music. Cultural differences are decisive in this relationship. The relationship between music and ecstasy is also seen in the sema ceremony and semah ceremonies, which are at the center of the subject. In this direction, sema and semah, which are used in two different ways, contain the same meaning; however, these words differ from each other in terms of application. In other words, sema is performed in Mevlevi rituals and semah is performed in Alevi erkans/rituals accompanied by music. The Mevlevi sema ceremony can be visualized as a state of ecstasy in which music and kinetic movements are together. In the sema ceremony performed for the purpose of returning to one’s essence with this state of ecstasy, music and kinetic movements contribute to the occurrence of ecstasy. In this context, music and kinetic movements can be considered as a kind of mediating elements for ecstasy. In the Mevlevi sema ceremony, the human ascension is described with both music and kinetic movements through the performance of na’t, kudüm, ney, peşrev and ayin-i şerif. The climax of the ecstasy in this ceremony is the third salute. This is why the tempo of the music, and the movements of the whirling dervishes accelerate in this salute. In addition, in the aforementioned ceremony, ney and kudüm instruments can also be mentioned as instrumental elements in the experience of ecstasy. There is a similar situation in Alevi semah ceremonies. Semah ceremonies, like sema ceremonies, can be described as a state of ecstasy. In this state of ecstasy, the person returns to his/her soul, that is, to Allah. Semah, which is performed as a part of Miraçlama in cem erkans, is performed in two or three parts with the help of music and kinetic elements. The fact that the semahs are performed in two or three parts, namely, hospitality and swaying, or hospitality, execution and swaying, indicates that the semah is directed towards ecstasy. In this sense, the kinetic movements performed in the sections of the semah accompanied by music move from slow to fast. Thus, just like in sema, the music and kinetic movements in semah mediate ecstasy by enabling the transition to a state of ecstasy. Apart from this, it is seen that the ney and kudüm instruments mediate the experience of ecstasy in sema ceremonies, as well as the baglama in semah ceremonies. In this context, it is possible to say that music, musical elements and kinetic movements are the mediators of the state of ecstasy and the state of motion experienced with ecstasy in sema ceremonies and semah ceremonies. In this context, when the literature is examined, it is realized that there are various studies on Mevlevi sema rituals and Alevi semah rituals; however, there is no study that deals with ecstasy and its elements in sema and semah rituals. In this regard, the study is important in terms of filling the gap in the field and being a source for similar studies. In this manner, the research aims to reveal the state of ecstasy in sema ceremonies and semah ceremonies. In line with this purpose, a documentary research method with a descriptive model was used in the research, the sources related to the subject were examined and the findings were revealed by interpreting the data obtained.

Robust pseudocapacitive Na+ intercalation induced by MoS2 on active Mo2C current collector interface for high areal capacity sodium-ion batteries

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as compelling alternatives in the realm of electrochemical energy devices, poised to substitute lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The primary challenge encompasses not only the scarcity of anode materials exhibiting exceptional Na+ storage capacity but also the endeavor to achieve high areal capacity. To address this challenge, a comprehensive strategy is proposed that entails utilizing a highly conductive molybdenum dicarbide (Mo2C) current collector (denoted as CCM) as a supporting scaffold for the bottom-up growth of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS2, serving as the main active component) (denoted as CCM@MoS2). The CCM improves interfacial bonding with MoS2 nanosheets and offers additional capacity to accommodate the increased Na+ insertion activity. Both theoretical and kinetic analyses reveal that the enhanced Na+ storage properties primarily stem from favorable adsorption energy, reduced diffusion barrier, and intercalation pseudocapacitance due to the strong electronic interfacial interaction between active CCM and MoS2. Hence, the as-prepared optimized CCM@MoS2 electrode exhibits a superior areal capacity of 6.36 mAh cm−2 at 0.4 mA cm−2, excellent rate capability of 1.02 mAh cm−2 at 24 mA cm−2 and long cycle life up to 500 cycles at 4 mA cm−2. Interesting, our as-prepared CCM@MoS2 electrode shows better performance for Na+ storage than Li+ storage at higher current density, affirming the enhanced kinetics in our architecture. This work proposes a rational strategy to enhance the areal capacity and stability of MoS2-based anode for SIBs and beyond.

Theoretical investigation of Mo2C and Mo2CO2 as anodes for sodium/magnesium-ion batteries

Due to the rapid evolution of the global electronic product industry, the limited availability of lithium resources has prompted extensive research into alternative metal ion batteries that can substitute for lithium batteries. The exceptional potentiality for MXenes as electrode materials in energy storage batteries is demonstrated by excellent conductivity, expansive surface area, and mechanical strength. The performance of Na and Mg on Mo2C and Mo2CO2 monolayers have been investigated employing first-principles calculations, including geometry configurations, electronic structures, ion diffusion properties, open-circuit voltages, and theoretical specific capacities. The conductivity of stable anodes is superior both before and after ion adsorption. Additionally, the formation energies of Na/Mg on the monolayer are negative, indicating a strong binding between metal atoms and the substrate. The migration energy barriers of Na and Mg on Mo2C are estimated to be 0.017 eV and 0.070 eV, respectively, suggesting a significant level of mobility and reversibility for Mo2C. The predicted range of average open-circuit voltages for Na/Mg-ion battery anodes is approximately 0.05–1.00 V in the case of Mo2C and Mo2CO2. The highest concentrations of Na and Mg atoms on Mo2C and Mo2CO2 are achieved through multilayer adsorption up to Mo2CNa3.3, Mo2CMg2, Mo2CO2Na3.3, and Mo2CO2Mg1.8, resulting in corresponding theoretical capacities of 438, 526, 379 and 411 mA·h/g, respectively. In conclusion, the outstanding electrochemical performance of Mo2C and Mo2CO2 anode materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) has prompted the exploration of other MXenes electrodes with advantageous characteristics for ion battery applications, contributing to the advancement of renewable energy technology.

Seed-induced strategy for the construction of nitrogen-doped carbon coated MoSe2/ZnSe-NC nanotubes with enriched phase boundaries toward boosting Na/K-ion storage

It is a challenge to construct suitable hosts for the large-sized Na+/K+ to overcome the hampered reaction kinetics for the energy storage. Component regulation and ingenious structure design are significant for achieving high electrochemical performance in Na+/K+ ions batteries (SIBs/PIBs). Herein, though a seed-induced assembly and subsequent high-temperature selenization process, MoSe2/ZnSe nanotubes encapsulated in N-doped carbon (NC) framework (MoSe2/ZnSe-NC@NC) are rationally synthesized. In this MoSe2/ZnSe-NC@NC structure, there are abundant heterointerfaces, which can induce to form self-built electric field and increase the interfacial Na+/K+ storage, promoting charge transfer and accelerating reaction kinetics. This leads to enhance Na+/K+ storage performance in terms of high reversible capacity, superior rate performance and long term cycling stability. Simultaneously, MoSe2/ZnSe-NC@NC exhibits impressive electrochemical properties, including high rate capability of 236.3 mAh g−1 at high current denisity of 5.0 A g−1 for SIBs and stable capacity of 162.4 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1after 500 cycles for PIBs. Moreover, high energy density of 121.2 Wh kg−1 at power densities of 11486.3 W kg−1 can be also obtained in MoSe2/ZnSe-NC@NC//Na3V2(PO4)3/C full cell, demonstrating a promising anode candidate for large-sized Na+/K+ storage.

Enhanced energy storage performance in Na(Nb,Ta)O3-doped Ba(Ti,Ca)O3-based ceramics through bidirectional optimization strategy

(1-x)(0.9Ba1.003Ti0.97Ca0.03O3–0.1(Bi0.51Na0.47)0.94Ba0.06TiO3)-xNa(Nb0.85Ta0.15)O3 (x = 0.03–0.15) ceramics were designed and fabricated through a bidirectional optimization strategy using traditional solid reaction method. The results revealed that the introduction of Na(Nb0.85Ta0.15)O3 increased the vacancy concentration at the A site, conducing to improved polarization and reduced grain size. The substitution at the B site disrupted the long-range ordered ferroelectric domains and generated polar nanodomains, leading to enhanced relaxation behavior. The optimum energy storage density of 3.57 J/cm3 and efficiency of 87.5% were simultaneously achieved under the electric field of 220 kV/cm in the sample with x = 0.09. Moreover, it also exhibits extremely high-power density (∼57 MW/cm3), ultrafast discharge time (∼103 ns), high discharge density (1.35 J/cm3), along with excellent temperature (30‒120 °C) and frequency stability (1‒100 Hz) under the equivalent electric field of 120 kV/cm. This novel design strategy provides theoretical guidance for the development of advanced electrical energy storage devices.

How cell design affects the performance of sodium-antimony-bismuth liquid metal batteries

Low-cost sodium-based liquid metal batteries are attractive candidates for grid-scale stationary energy storage. In this study, the performance of Na//SbBi9 test cells with molten salt electrolyte LiCl–NaCl–KCl (61-3-36 mol%) is evaluated for different cell designs. Cells with a metal foam hosting the negative electrode (5–6 Ah nominal capacity) and cells without foam are investigated. Additionally, the amount of electrolyte and the material used as positive current collector (PCC) are varied. The self-discharge current is only ∼0.35 mA/cm2 and depends reasonably on electrode distance and operating temperature. Contact resistances are 10 mΩ in total and thus smaller than the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte. The cell voltage is not affected by cell design, operating temperature, or cell age. Long-term cycling tests show a capacity decrease, which can be attributed to evaporation of Na. An additional capacity loss observed in cells with stainless steel PCC can be avoided by using Mo as PCC.

Enhancing energy storage performance in Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-based lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics along a stepwise optimization route

A stepwise optimization route yields a general way to design synthetic ESP ceramics. NBT-BST-BMS-VPP ceramics obtain an ultrahigh Wrec of 7.5 J cm−3 under 440 kV cm−1.

Enhanced piezoelectric performance in Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15‐based bismuth‐layered ceramics by Nb/Mn doping modification

AbstractIn this work, Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y bismuth‐layered ferroelectric ceramics were prepared by a solid‐state reaction method. The effect of Nb5+ content on crystal morphology, electrical properties, and piezoelectric performance were systematically investigated. The results show that the introduction of Nb5+ into Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics to replace Ti4+ increases the ratio of b/a lattice parameter, leading to the TiO6 octahedral distortion and the structural transformation tendency from the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase, which facilitates dipole movements of Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics. Therefore, the ferroelectric properties of Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics are improved, and an enhanced piezoelectric coefficient of 30 pC/N combining great temperature stability with d33 value higher than 25 pC/N in the temperature range of 25°C–450°C has been realized in Na0.5Bi4.5Ti3.94–xMn0.06NbxO15+y ceramics with x = 0.08 mol. Our work provides a good model for designing lead‐free ultrahigh Curie temperature piezoelectric devices that can be practically applied in extremely harsh environments.

Towards cost-efficient and scalable fabrication of SbSn/SP@C electrode for sodium-ion batteries

With high capacity and low redox potential, Sn-based materials represent promising anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the large volume expansion during the cycling process limits their application. Herein, we report a cost-effective, simple, and non-toxic SbSn/SP@C electrode for SIBs via ball milling process and sucrose reduction method. The SbSn/SP@C electrode exhibits high cycle stability and good reversible capacity for SIBs (400.3 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles). Consequently, SbSn/SP@C electrode can afford an effectively carbon-based conductive system, which buffers large volume change of SnSb alloy during the cycling process and provides promising electrochemical performance in Na storage.Graphical abstract

Highly Reversible Sodium Metal Battery Anodes via Alloying Heterointerfaces.

As a promising pathway toward low-cost, long-duration energy storage, rechargeable sodium batteries are of increasing interest. Batteries that incorporate metallic sodium as anode promise a high theoretical specific capacity of 1166mAhg-1 , and low reduction potential of -2.71V. The high reactivity and poor electrochemical reversibility of sodium anodes render sodium metal anode (SMA) cells among the most challenging for practical implementation. Here, the failure mechanisms of Na anodes are investigated and the authors reportthat loss of morphological control is not the fundamental cause of failure. Rather, it is the inherently poor anchoring/root structure of electrodeposited Na to the electrode substrate that leads to poor reversibility and cell failure. Poorly anchored Na deposits are prone to break away from the current collector, producing orphaning and poor anode utilization. Thin metallic coatings in a range of chemistries are proposed and evaluated as SMA substrates. Based on thermodynamic and ion transport considerations, such substrates undergo reversible alloying reactions with Na and are hypothesized to promote good root growth-regardless of the morphology. Among the various options, Au standsout for its ability to support long Na anode lifetime and high reversibility (Coulombic Efficiency > 98%), for coating thicknesses in the range of 10-1000nm. As a first step toward evaluating practical utility of the anodes, their performance in Na||SPAN cells with N:P ratio close to 1:1 is evaluated.

Interlayer-Expanded MoS2 Nanoflowers Vertically Aligned on MXene@Dual-Phased TiO2 as High-Performance Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

As a promising energy-storage and conversion anode material for high-power sodium-ion batteries operated at room temperature, the practical application of layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is hindered by volumetric expansion during cycling. To address this issue, a rational design of MoS2 with enlarged lattice spacing aligned vertically on hierarchically porous Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets with partially oxidized rutile and anatase dual-phased TiO2 (MoS2@MXene@D-TiO2) composites via one-step hydrothermal method without following anneal process is reported. This unique "plane-to-surface" structure accomplishes hindering MoS2 from aggregating and restacking, enabling sufficient electrode/electrolyte interaction simultaneously. Meanwhile, the heterogeneous structure among dual-phased TiO2, MoS2, and MXene could constitute a built-in electric field, promoting high Na+ transportation. As a result, the as-constructed 3D MoS2@MXene@D-TiO2 heterostructure delivers admirable high-rate reversible capacity (359.6 mAh g-1 up to 5 A g-1) at room temperature, excellent cycling stability (about 200 mAh g-1) at a low temperature of -30 °C, and superior electrochemical performance in Na+ full batteries by coupling with a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode. This ingenious design is clean and facile to inspire the potential of advanced low-dimensional heterogeneous structure electrode materials in the application of high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

Optimizing Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 electrolyte fuel cell through constructing heterostructures

Heterostructure materials deliver special properties comparing with single phase materials. In this study, the performance of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) electrolyte fuel cell is proved to be optimized by constructing heterostructures with other materials. SOFC based on NBT single phase electrolyte exhibits poor stability and low power output. By mixing NBT with electronic conductor La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF), improved performance is obtained and power output is observed to be dependent on the weight ratio of NBT to LSCF. It is interesting that the best performance is obtained in the cell with an optimized weight ratio of 30 wt% NBT - 70 wt% LSCF, in which the amount of electronic conductor exceeds that of ionic conductor. However, the stability of SOFC based on NBT-LSCF composite electrolyte still needs to be improved. In addition, the composition of sodium carbonate and lithium carbonate is added to the NBT-LSCF composite electrolyte for the purpose of creating amorphous shells around the NBT-LSCF particles, which is expected to protect the NBT-LSCF particles from reducing by hydrogen. Improved stability of the cell is then observed. This study provides an effective way to enhance the ionic conductivity and stability of electrolyte by constructing heterostructures.

The influence of crack on the Si anode performance in Na- and Mg-ion batteries: An atomic multiscale study

Based on multiscale simulations coupled with quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical methods, we present the impact of crack on the performance of Si anode in Na-ion batteries (NIBs) and Mg-ion batteries (MIBs). We found that crack can offer more stable sites to host interstitials than defect-free Si and form binding energy gradients near the crack front. Moreover, the crack tip may significantly enhance the binding strength, enabling it to insert Na and Mg into the Si anode thermodynamically. The crack creates a fast channel into the tip along its propagation direction, causing Na and Mg to accumulate at the crack tip, similar to the case of Li. Furthermore, since diffusion out is more challenging, Na and Mg prefer to diffuse into the crack. Finally, the crack may trap interstitials and lower the charging and discharging rate of NIBs and MIBs.

Selective Chelating Resin for Copper Removal and Recovery in Aqueous Acidic Solution Generated from Synthetic Copper-Citrate Complexes from Bioleaching of E-waste

This research focused on batch experiment using a new generation of chelating resins via an ion exchange process to describe the metabolic adsorption and desorption capacity onto iminodiacetic acid/Chelex 100, bis-pyridylmethyl amine/Dowex m4195, and aminomethyl phosphonic/Lewatit TP260 functional groups in bioleaching. The results showed that Dowex m4195 had the highest performance of adsorption capacity for copper removal in both H+-form and Na+-form. Results for Lewatit TP260 and Chelex 100 revealed lower adsorption performance than results for Dowex m4195. The investigation of desorption from chelating resins was carried out, and it was found that 2 M ammonium hydroxide concentration provided the best desorption capacity of about 64.86% for the H+-form Dowex m4195 followed by 52.55% with 2 M sulfuric acid. Lewatit with 2 M hydrochloric acid gave the best desorption performance in Na+-form while Chelex 100 using hydrochloric at 1 M and 2 M provided similar results in terms of the H+-form and Na+-form. As aspects of the selective chelating resins for copper (II) ions in aqueous acidic solution generated from synthetic copper-citrate complexes from bioleaching of e-waste were considered, H+-form Dowex m4195 was a good performer in adsorption using ammonium hydroxide for the desorption. However, chelating resins used were subsequently reused for more than five cycles with an acidic and basic solution. It can be concluded from these results that selective chelating resins could be used as an alternative for the treatment of copper (II) ions contained in e-waste or application to other divalent metals in wastewater for sustainable water and adsorbent reuse as circular economy.

Enhanced energy storage performance in Na(1-3x)BixNb0.85Ta0.15O3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

High-performance lead-free dielectric containers have excellent energy storage performance such as higher power density and energy density. While being eco-friendly materials, lead-free dielectric materials are more suitable for pulse power systems than other dielectric materials. In this study, Ta 5+ and Bi 3+ ions were introduced into the A site and B site of the NaNbO 3 matrix. The introduction of Bi 3+ ions induced the formation of a vacancy in the A site, yielding Na (1-3 x ) Bi x Nb 0.85 Ta 0.15 O 3 (NBNT, x = 0.05, 0.08, 0.11, 0.14) ceramics. The recoverable energy density ( W rec ) and the energy storage efficiency ( η ) were highest for the Na 0.67 Bi 0.11 Nb 0.85 Ta 0.15 O 3 ceramic, with values of 3.37 J/cm 3 and 89% respectively. Batteries employing the Na 0.67 Bi 0.11 Nb 0.85 Ta 0.15 O 3 ceramic achieved a current density of 830.4 A/cm 2 , an energy density of 49.8 MW/cm 3 and 60.2 ns discharge time. These results show that the Na 0.67 Bi 0.11 Nb 0.85 Ta 0.15 O 3 ceramic is an effective energy storage material with broad application prospects.

Bismuth Nanoparticles Anchored on Ti3 C2 Tx MXene Nanosheets for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries are promising energy-storage systems, but they are facing huge challenges for developing fast-charging anode materials. Bismuth (Bi)-based anode materials are considered as candidates for fast-charging anodes of sodium-ion batteries due to their excellent rate performance. Herein, we designed a two-dimensional Bi/MXene anode material based on a hydrogen thermal reduction strategy. Benefitting from microstructure advantages, Bi/MXene anodes exhibited an excellent rate capability and superior cycle performance in Na//Bi/MXene half-batteries and Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 /C//Bi/MXene full-batteries. Moreover, full-batteries can complete a charge/discharge cycle in 7 min and maintain an excellent cycle life (over 7000 cycles). The electrochemical test results showed that Bi/MXene is a promising anode material with fast charge/discharge capability for sodium-ion batteries.