Abstract
This research focused on batch experiment using a new generation of chelating resins via an ion exchange process to describe the metabolic adsorption and desorption capacity onto iminodiacetic acid/Chelex 100, bis-pyridylmethyl amine/Dowex m4195, and aminomethyl phosphonic/Lewatit TP260 functional groups in bioleaching. The results showed that Dowex m4195 had the highest performance of adsorption capacity for copper removal in both H+-form and Na+-form. Results for Lewatit TP260 and Chelex 100 revealed lower adsorption performance than results for Dowex m4195. The investigation of desorption from chelating resins was carried out, and it was found that 2 M ammonium hydroxide concentration provided the best desorption capacity of about 64.86% for the H+-form Dowex m4195 followed by 52.55% with 2 M sulfuric acid. Lewatit with 2 M hydrochloric acid gave the best desorption performance in Na+-form while Chelex 100 using hydrochloric at 1 M and 2 M provided similar results in terms of the H+-form and Na+-form. As aspects of the selective chelating resins for copper (II) ions in aqueous acidic solution generated from synthetic copper-citrate complexes from bioleaching of e-waste were considered, H+-form Dowex m4195 was a good performer in adsorption using ammonium hydroxide for the desorption. However, chelating resins used were subsequently reused for more than five cycles with an acidic and basic solution. It can be concluded from these results that selective chelating resins could be used as an alternative for the treatment of copper (II) ions contained in e-waste or application to other divalent metals in wastewater for sustainable water and adsorbent reuse as circular economy.
Highlights
Copper (Cu) is a metal with significant usages forming an essential part of materials and products for human wellbeing
Modified H+-form chelating resins were prepared and used as described in the literature [41, 43,44,45,46,47]. 100 g of the Na+-form of Chelex 100 was washed with 2 M of nitric acid (HNO3, AR grade, Merck, Germany), 100 g of Dowex m4195 was washed with 1 M of sulfuric acid (H2SO4, AR grade, Ajax Finechem), and 100 g of Lewatit TP260 was washed with 1 M of hydrochloric acid (HCl, AR grade, Merck (Supelco)) at room temperature for 24 h with magnetic stirring at 60 rpm as described in the references
It was obviously seen that an affinity of H+-form chelating resin for copper (II) ions was sensitive to pH value attributable to competition of adsorption among the copper (II) ions and H+ ions on the same active site
Summary
Copper (Cu) is a metal with significant usages forming an essential part of materials and products for human wellbeing. Cu is widely used in building and construction, power generation, industrial machinery and equipment, transport equipment, and general consumer items [2], especially electrical and electronic devices. Copper production has been increased from over 600 thousand tons in 2010 to over 850 million metric tons in 2021, an annual average growth rate of over 4 percent [3]. Development of new technologies using Cu has increased over the time and is associated with economic growth linked to electronic devices or components [4] as waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) [5]. The concept of reusing or recycling metals from e-waste plays an important role in allocating resources, and it is widely accepted that the recycling of Cu is an essential and beneficial supplement to primary metal production
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