Encryption Performance Research Articles

A Novel Approach for Block Chain Technology based Cyber Security in Cloud Storage Using Hash Function

Block chain is generic name to describe the technology used by Bitcoin and other digital currency to record and secure transaction. This technology enables a highly accessible ledger with greatly reduced risk for tampering. The dynamic immutable, data ledger makes ideal for real time monitoring of the shipment of goods. Cloud is an important of distributed storage system of networking. Cloud system need for security, storage management, minimize the cloud cost and fast storage could be improved. The security using new most development security system of block chain technology is used to improve the cloud security. The data owner to be uploads the data on web page and access the folder. The user has been accessing the data on cloud storage using encryption and decryption using block chain based cyber security system. the problem for security in cloud storage because data transmission and data sharing, the alternate for security solution using Post Quantum-proof cryptography algorithm is used to improve the encryption and decryption process and more tight security for block chain technology for the cloud system. The SHA-3 512 Hash function algorithm automatically generate the key for data security enhancements of cloud networks. Post Quantum-proof cryptography algorithm has been improved the encryption Performance and reduced the power consumption, and increase the Latency performance, and boost up the security performances. Finally Post Quantum-proof cryptography algorithm for well support for security system of the cloud networks. Even some passwords, which are often cited as the weakest link in cyber security, may not be necessary.

Integrated dual hyperchaotic and Josephus traversing based 3D confusion-diffusion pattern for image encryption

This paper introduces an enhanced image encryption technique that relies on 3D confusion and diffusion patterns, aiming to achieve maximum performance in terms of confusion and diffusion. The proposed encryption method combines four phases: dual hyperchaotic, improved logistic map (ILM), Josephus traversing, and a hash function. The first and second phases utilize improved Chen and Lorentz systems-based 3D patterns to enhance confusion and diffusion. In the third phase, bit-plane permutations are performed through Josephus traversing in three directions: x, y, and z. Lastly, the fourth phase implements diffusion based on ILM to optimize encryption performance. The integration of a hash function in this method serves to heighten key sensitivity. The test results demonstrate the method's exceptional performance across various analyses, including statistical, differential, brute-force, and NIST test suite assessments. Additionally, the proposed method outperforms previous approaches significantly, as indicated by the majority assessment.

Speech scrambler with multiwavelet, Arnold Transform and particle swarm optimization

AbstractSpeech scrambling aims to distort speech signals to prevent unauthorized listeners from understanding them, but conventional techniques are vulnerable to attacks. Therefore, more robust and secure speech scrambling algorithms are needed to ensure sensitive communication security. A proposed scheme uses a particle swarm optimization algorithm to generate a random key and optimize the level of noise in the scrambled signal, along with two transformations Multiwavelet and Arnold techniques to improve complexity and security. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated using various performance measurements and has demonstrated superior encryption performance than other similar audio encryption schemes with key space equal to 128 × 2.718. Further research and development in speech scrambling are essential to guarantee secure communication in sensitive contexts such as military and intelligence.

An Image Encryption Scheme Combining 2D Cascaded Logistic Map and Permutation-Substitution Operations

Confusion, diffusion, and encryption keys affect the quality of image encryption. This research proposes combining bit- and pixel-level permutation and substitution methods based on three advanced chaotic logistic map methods. The three chaotic methods are the 2D Logistic-adjusted-Sine map (2D-LASM), the 2D Logistic-sine-coupling map (2D-LSCM), and the 2D Logistic ICMIC cascade map (2D-LICM). The encryption method’s design consists of six stages of encryption, involving permutation operations based on chaotic order, substitution based on modulus and bitXOR, and hash functions. Hash functions are employed to enhance key space and key sensitivity quality. Several testing tools are utilized to assess encryption performance, including histogram and chi-square analysis, information entropy, correlation of adjacent pixels, differential analysis, key sensitivity and key space analysis, data loss and noise attacks, NIST randomness tests, and TestU01. Compared to using a single 2D logistic map, the amalgamation of bit-level and pixel-level encryption and the utilization of three 2D cascade logistic maps has improved encryption security performance. This method successfully passes the NIST, TestU01, and chi-square tests. Furthermore, it outperforms the previous method regarding correlation, information entropy, NPCR, and UACI tests.

A LIGHTWEIGHT ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM TO SECURE IOT DEVICES

Lightweight cryptography is an effective solution for ensuring confidentiality and privacy in resource-constrained environments, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT) systems. These systems consist of a large number of IoT devices, such as sensor nodes and embedded devices that handle sensitive data and are connected via the Internet, making them susceptible to various types of attacks. Considering the constrained processing capability, memory size, and energy of these devices, this article proposes a lightweight block cipher that aims to provide security for IoT devices, with a focus on achieving efficient software implementation, particularly in devices with 32-bit processors. The structural design of the suggested algorithm is based on Type-2 Generalized Feistel Networks (GFN), which are based on four branches of 32-bit and simple key scheduling. To enhance the diffusion and strength of the GFN structure, a partial permutation layer has been added to the cipher. Moreover, to reduce the implementation cost, a simple round function has been designed using low-cost operations like Addition, XOR, and Rotation. Security of the suggested algorithm has been validated through security analysis, and the results show meeting the criteria for avalanche effect with 50.97% Key Sensitivity and 50.58% Plaintext Sensitivity, and the correlation coefficienttest results indicate a weak correlation between the plaintext and ciphertext, this makes it difficult to retrieve the plaintext from the ciphertext. When designing lightweight algorithms, one of the primary objectives is to enhance performance. To evaluate the algorithm's performance, we tested its execution time, code size, memory consumption, and throughput on real IoT devices, such as ESP8266 and ESP32, as an embedded cryptographic module. Based on the experimental results and security analysis, the suggested algorithm showed a good grade of security and higher performance in encryption and decryption operations than other lightweight algorithms, which makes it capable of providing a framework for securing data in the restricted IoT environment.

Chaotic Color Image Encryption Based on Eight-Base DNA-Level Permutation and Diffusion.

Images, as a crucial information carrier in the era of big data, are constantly generated, stored, and transmitted. Determining how to guarantee the security of images is a hot topic in the information security community. Image encryption is a simple and direct approach for this purpose. In order to cope with this issue, we propose a novel scheme based on eight-base DNA-level permutation and diffusion, termed as EDPD, for color image encryption in this paper. The proposed EDPD integrates secure hash algorithm-512 (SHA-512), a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system, and eight-base DNA-level permutation and diffusion that conducts on one-dimensional sequences and three-dimensional cubes. To be more specific, the EDPD has four main stages. First, four initial values for the proposed chaotic system are generated from plaintext color images using SHA-512, and a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system is constructed using the initial values and control parameters. Second, a hyperchaotic sequence is generated from the four-dimensional hyperchaotic system for consequent encryption operations. Third, multiple permutation and diffusion operations are conducted on different dimensions with dynamic eight-base DNA-level encoding and algebraic operation rules determined via the hyperchaotic sequence. Finally, DNA decoding is performed in order to obtain the cipher images. Experimental results from some common testing images verify that the EDPD has excellent performance in color image encryption and can resist various attacks.

A Color Image Encryption Method Based on Dynamic Selection Chaotic System and Singular Value Decomposition

As the basis for guiding business process decisions, flowcharts contain sensitive information pertaining to process-related concepts. Therefore, it is necessary to encrypt them to protect the privacy or security of stakeholders. Using the principles of image singular value decomposition, chaotic system randomness, and neural network camouflage, a business flow chart encryption method based on dynamic selection chaotic system and singular value decomposition is proposed. Specifically, a dynamic selected chaotic system is constructed based on the nonlinear combination of one-dimensional chaotic system Logistics and Sine, and its randomness is verified. Next, using the neural network, the process image is merged into a gray matrix. The double-bit unitary matrix scrambling based on singular value decomposition is then proposed. Subsequently, using the dynamic selected chaotic system, a new sub-division diffusion method is proposed, which combines, diffuses, and performs weighted superposition to generate a matrix after diffusion and compression. Finally, the asymmetric encryption method encrypts the color image and reduces its dimensionality into a single grayscale ciphertext, and the decryption process is not the reverse of the encryption process. Simulation results and performance analysis show that the proposed image encryption scheme has good encryption performance.

Chaotic medical image encryption method using attention mechanism fusion ResNet model.

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the protection of patient medical image privacy and security has become a critical concern in current research on image privacy protection. However, traditional methods for encrypting medical images have faced criticism due to their limited flexibility and inadequate security. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a novel chaotic medical image encryption method, called AT-ResNet-CM, which incorporates the attention mechanism fused with the ResNet model. The proposed method utilizes the ResNet model as the underlying network for constructing the encryption and decryption framework. The ResNet's residual structure and jump connections are employed to effectively extract profound information from medical images and expedite the model's convergence. To enhance security, the output of the ResNet model is encrypted using a logistic chaotic system, introducing randomness and complexity to the encryption process. Additionally, an attention mechanism is introduced to enhance the model's response to the region of interest within the medical image, thereby strengthening the security of the encrypted network. Experimental simulations and analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms alternative models in terms of encryption effectiveness, as indicated by a horizontal correlation coefficient of 0.0021 and information entropy of 0.9887. Furthermore, the incorporation of the attention mechanism significantly improves the encryption performance, reducing the horizontal correlation coefficient to 0.0010 and increasing the information entropy to 0.9965. These findings validate the efficacy of the proposed method for medical image encryption tasks, as it offers enhanced security and flexibility compared to existing approaches. In conclusion, the AT-ResNet-CM method presents a promising solution to address the limitations of traditional encryption techniques in protecting patient medical images. By leveraging the attention mechanism fused with the ResNet model, the method achieves improved security and flexibility. The experimental results substantiate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of encryption effectiveness, horizontal correlation coefficient, and information entropy. The proposed method not only addresses the shortcomings of traditional methods but also provides a more robust and reliable approach for safeguarding patient medical image privacy and security.

Improving the Performance of Searchable Symmetric Encryption by Optimizing Locality

Both individuals and organizations prioritize data security and privacy, leading to an increasing focus on technological solutions that emphasize these aspects. Searchable symmetric encryption stands out as a prominent choice for secure storage and search of encrypted data on cloud servers, contributing to this objective. While searchable symmetric encryption offers numerous benefits, it also faces certain challenges, particularly when dealing with large databases. One significant challenge is poor performance, often attributed to poor locality. Visiting multiple locations can significantly increase the time required for data retrieval. Additionally, optimization methods aimed at improving locality can sometimes impact read efficiency or result in excessive storage of the encrypted index on the cloud server. In this paper, we present a scheme that effectively addresses these issues. We have enhanced the encrypted inverted index storage mechanism to improve information retrieval performance. Our scheme achieves optimal locality O(1) and optimal read efficiency in O(1), resulting in a significant increase in retrieval speed. Through experimentation with real-world data, we have demonstrated the practicality, accuracy, and security of our scheme.

Fully chaotic medical image encryption scheme based on dynamic DNA and block rotation

As an important application of image encryption, digital medical image encryption plays an important role in the field of medical health and privacy protection. This paper put forwards a fully chaotic and strongly plaintext associated image encryption framework based on an improved chaotic system, block rotation and DNA computing. The algorithm generates multiple chaotic sequences by using different one-dimensional seed chaotic maps under the sine transform framework for subsequent block rotation, DNA dynamic encoding and decoding, generating key images for DNA XOR calculation. Simulation experiments and comparative analysis have shown that this algorithm can achieve fantastic encryption performance, resist various attacks, and have higher security levels and good generalization performance.

An Overview of Parallel Symmetric Cipher of Messages

Background:
 Despite significant developments in communications and technology, data protection has established itself as one of the biggest concerns. The data must be encrypted in order to link securely, quickly through web-based technological data transmission. Transforming plain text into ciphered text that cannot be read or changed by malicious people is the process of encryption.
 Materials and Methods:
 In order to maintain the required degree of security, both the cryptanalysis and decryption operations took a significant amount of time. However, in order to cut down on the amount of time required for the encryption and decryption operations to be completed, several researchers implemented the cryptography method in a parallel fashion. The research that has been done on the problem has uncovered several potential answers. Researchers used parallelism to improve the throughput of their algorithms, which allowed them to achieve higher performance levels on the encryption algorithm.
 Results:
 Recent research on parallel encryption techniques has shown that graphics processing units (GPUs) perform better than other parallel platforms when comparing their levels of encryption performance.
 Conclusion:
 To carry out comparison research on the most significant parallel crypto algorithms in terms of data security efficacy, key length, cost, and speed, among other things. This paper reviews various significant parallel algorithms used for data encryption and decryption in all disciplines. However, other criteria must be considered in order to show the trustworthiness of any encryption. Randomness tests are very important to discover and are highlighted in this study.

Lightweight encryption mechanism with discrete-time chaotic maps for Internet of Robotic Things

Chaotic systems have different characteristics that can be utilized for the purpose of cyber security. These features result from the erratic structure of images, making it difficult for systems to comprehend those images. Therefore, chaotic systems can serve as an effective means of securely storing and concealing images by implementing them in the IoRT for data encryption. In this study, a new lightweight encryption mechanism for IoRT based robots is proposed. A novel chaotic encryption mechanism is designed with discrete-time chaotic maps (Cubic Map and Ricker’s Population Model Map) for more efficiently encrypting large-sized data, such as images and videos, in robots. The test of the developed mechanism was conducted on the NVIDIA Jetson Orin development kit, which is utilized in artificial intelligence-supported robots and boasts high performance and energy efficiency. The study’s most important finding is that the established mechanism is suitable for parallel processing, making it possible to accomplish a high rate of image encryption per second utilizing the proposed method. In order to encrypt large files for IoRT, firstly, random number generation was performed and statistical tests were carried out. Then, encryption operations were performed with the developed encryption algorithm and security analyses were realized. The performances of the proposed mechanism will be compared with some studies in the literature. Based on the obtained image analysis and encryption performance, it has been shown that the developed mechanism can be easily used with high security for IoRT.

Toward Efficient Homomorphic Encryption for Outsourced Databases through Parallel Caching

Many applications deployed to public clouds are concerned about the confidentiality of their outsourced data, such as financial services and electronic patient records. A plausible solution to this problem is homomorphic encryption (HE), which supports certain algebraic operations directly over the ciphertexts. The downside of HE schemes is their significant, if not prohibitive, performance overhead for data-intensive workloads that are very common for outsourced databases, or database-as-a-serve in cloud computing. The objective of this work is to mitigate the performance overhead incurred by the HE module in outsourced databases. To that end, this paper proposes a radix-based parallel caching optimization for accelerating the performance of homomorphic encryption (HE) of outsourced databases in cloud computing. The key insight of the proposed optimization is caching selected radix-ciphertexts in parallel without violating existing security guarantees of the primitive/base HE scheme. We design the radix HE algorithm and apply it to both batch- and incremental-HE schemes; we demonstrate the security of those radix-based HE schemes by showing that the problem of breaking them can be reduced to the problem of breaking their base HE schemes that are known IND-CPA (i.e. Indistinguishability under Chosen-Plaintext Attack). We implement the radix-based schemes as middleware of a 10-node Cassandra cluster on CloudLab; experiments on six workloads show that the proposed caching can boost state-of-the-art HE schemes, such as Paillier and Symmetria, by up to five orders of magnitude.

IMAGE ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION USING AES ALGORITHM

Security concerns have taken front stage in the rapidly expanding digital exchange of data storage and transmission. Since the use of images is expanding quickly across a wide range of industries, it is crucial to safeguard sensitive image data from hackers. The need for image protection has become critical. It is now essential to secure someone's privacy. The preservation of data and personal information has been studied and developed using a variety of ways. Image encryption is used to shield sensitive data from unauthorised users. One of the most popular methods for keeping data concealed from unauthorised access is encryption. For picture encryption, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is utilised, which leverages the key stream generator to improve image encryption performance. Keywords- ➢ AES:- Advanced Encryption Standard ➢ DES:- Data Encryption Standard

Dynamics effects of bias current composed on inertial neural system: multistability control and application in image encryption

The function of the biological nervous system is related to its dynamics. This paper explored the dynamics effects of bias current composed on inertial neural system based with two neurons. The model affected by the bias current can induce a reduction in the number of equilibrium points, the number of coexistence attractors, as well as the disturbance of the symmetry of this model compared to the model in without bias current. In absence of bias current we report multistability of up to six different attractors, symmetry birth of chaos via period-bubbling cascades in are reported in the model. Coexistence of symmetry bursting oscillations, parallel branch, and hysteresis dynamic are also presented in the system. The presence of bias current control the symmetry of the model and generates complex phenomena among others, coexistence of five asymmetric attractors, coexistence of asymmetric bubble and asymmetric bursting oscillation. Equilibrium point and Hopf bifurcation are perform in the paper. Furthermore, control of multistability is used for future application in engineering. Security analyses indicates that the proposed image encryption scheme exhibits a good encryption performance and can withstand known attacks.

Security architecture for automotive communication networks with CAN FD

Modern vehicles have dozens of electronic modules, connected through sophisticated intra-vehicle networks, which essentially control all the vehicle functions. Recent studies have shown the vulnerability of vehicular computer systems, but the existing security models are not enough robust yet because the busload and level of cryptographic strategy are not considered enough to be implemented in the frame. This work proposes a new security model for the Controller Area Network with Flexible Data-Rate (CAN FD), based on encryption and authentication. The model divides the frame data field into two blocks. The AES-256 (Advanced Encryption Standard) symmetric key encryption is applied to the first block of the data frame, whose content is the data corresponding to the payload of the frame. The authentication of the data in the first block is executed through the implementation of the HMAC/SHA-256 function and inserted in the second block. Performance analysis has shown that the combination of 32 bytes for the first block and 32 bytes for the second one provides the shortest processing time and 33.33% fewer data compared to frame 48. Results indicated that the proposed security model has a higher encryption performance than existing methods.

Grid-scroll memristive chaotic system with application to image encryption

The construction of multi-scroll chaotic systems has been a hot research topic in recent years. In this paper, a four-dimensional multi-scroll chaotic system is established on the basis of a simple three-dimensional chaotic system by adding a flux-controlled non-volatile memristor. After that, a novel system is extended to generate grid-scroll chaotic attractors by replacing the linear term in the multi-scroll chaotic system with a triangular wave function. The evolution of chaos is studied by means of bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponent diagrams. The existence of coexisting attractors is observed, and the attraction basin of coexisting attractors is drawn. In addition, the partial amplitude of the proposed system can be controlled by adjusting the parameters. The results of circuit implementation are consistent with the numerical simulation, verifying the physical existence of the system. Finally, according to the proposed grid-scroll memristive chaotic system, a new image encryption algorithm is designed. It adopts a novel confusion-diffusion structure to scramble and diffuse all pixels of the plain-image. And the security analysis experiments are performed to verify the good encryption performance of the proposed scheme such as information entropy analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, differential attack analysis and robustness analysis.

Novel medical image cryptogram technology based on segmentation and DNA encoding

This paper proposes a novel medical image cryptogram technology based on a fast and robust fuzzy C-means clustering image segmentation method and deoxyribonucleic acid encoding. In our method, first, the medical image is divided into background areas and regions of interest utilizing fuzzy C-means clustering image segmentation, which increases the encryption efficiency by about 60% when the background area is discarded. Second, some low-value pixels are also discarded in regions of interest to further reduce the encryption time. Third, a 4-dimensional hyperchaotic system has been improved. Furthermore, the hyperchaotic system and deoxyribonucleic acid encoding are utilized to encrypt the medical image. Finally, lossless encryption and fast encryption are done for different purposes. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has appealing encryption performance and the histogram and scatter graphs are governed by approximately uniform distribution. The NPCR and UACI of plaintext sensitivity and the key sensitivity are close to 99.6094% and 33.4635% respectively, which cause robustness against noise and clipping attacks.

A Chaotic Image Encryption Method Based on the Artificial Fish Swarms Algorithm and the DNA Coding

Aiming at the problems of small key space and weak resistance to differential attacks in existing encryption algorithms, we proposed a chaotic digital image encryption scheme based on an optimized artificial fish swarm algorithm and DNA coding. First, the key is associated with the ordinary image pixel through the MD5 hash operation, and the hash value generated by the ordinary image is used as the initial value of the hyper-chaotic system to increase the sensitivity of the key. Next, the artificial fish school algorithm is used to scramble the positions of pixels in the block. In addition, scrambling operation between blocks is proposed to increase the scrambling effect. In the diffusion stage, operations are performed based on DNA encoding, obfuscation, and decoding technologies to obtain encrypted images. The research results show that the optimized artificial fish swarm algorithm has good convergence and can obtain the global optimal solution to the greatest extent. In addition, simulation experiments and security analysis show that compared with other encryption schemes, the scheme proposed in this paper has a larger key space and better resistance to differential attacks, indicating that the proposed algorithm has better encryption performance and higher security.

Designing an Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Hyperchaotic System and DCT

In the field of secure communications, the robustness of cipher images transmitted in various channels is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, a robust image encryption algorithm combining a new chaotic system and discrete cosine transform is proposed, which is interlinked with plain information and is resistant to high-intensity noise attacks. First, a 5D continuous hyperchaotic system is proposed, leading to an interrelated sequence of five chaotic sequences. Second, the plain image is subjected to discrete cosine transform. Then the transform domain image is quantized, and some high-frequency components are removed, and then the high-frequency components are filled with chaotic sequences. Next, the transform domain image is scrambled, and inverse discrete cosine transform is performed, and its gray value is mapped to obtain a spatial domain image. Finally, the spatial image is scrambled by the spiral transformation, and then the diffusion operation is performed to obtain the encrypted image. Through the simulation experiment, the histogram, correlation, differential attack, and robustness are analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed encryption algorithm can resist high-intensity noise attacks and has good encryption performance.