Performance Of Compression Ignition Engine Research Articles

Effective utilization of mahua oil blended with optimum amount of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles for better performance in CI engine.

The current research work focuses mainly on improving the performance and emission characteristics of nanoparticle-blended mahua oil-fueled diesel engine. This work concentrates on finding the optimum quantity of nanoparticles to be blended with mahua oil so that it can be effectively deployed in compression ignition (CI) engine. A 4-stroke diesel engine with 3.7kW at 1500rpm was employed in this research. The two nanoparticles, Al2O3 and TiO2, were used in this experiment to blend with mahua oil. The nanoparticles of different concentrations, such as 25, 50, 75, and 100ppm, were blended with mahua oil to test the performance. Based on the stability, the optimum blend was chosen. The mahua oil was emulsified in order to further enhance the optimum performance of the nanoparticle-blended mahua oil. The nanoparticles act as a combustion enhancer and aggravate the combustion process. The nanoparticle-blended emulsified mahua oil showed better performance and reduced emissions. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) values of 100ppm Al2O3 and TiO2 blended emulsified mahua oil (EMO) were 29.2% and 28.4% respectively, while in case of diesel and mahua oil, the values were 31.4% and 23.8% respectively. The smoke value for EMO with 100ppm Al2O3 and TiO2 was found to have decreased by 61.9% and 59.4% respectively compared with mahua oil. The hydrocarbon (HC) emissions for EMO with 100ppm Al2O3 and TiO2 were found to have decreased by 37.3% and 32.96% respectively.

Effect of n-pentanol additive on compression-ignition engine performance and particulate emission laws

Biodiesel has a high viscosity, which limits its application to engines. However, n-pentanol has low viscosity and high volatility, which is considered a promising additive. This study examined the influence of n-pentanol/biodiesel/diesel blends on the performance and particulate emissions of a diesel engine at different loads, under the condition of coupling exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) (0–30%). The three test fuels included pure diesel (D100); 80% diesel and 20% biodiesel blended fuel (BD20); 64% diesel, 16% biodiesel, and 20% n-pentanol blended fuel (BDP20). The results indicated that the influence of EGR on the NOx emissions between fuels was greater than that of the physicochemical properties of the fuels. For the same EGR rate, the heat release rate (HRR), peak in-cylinder pressure (IP), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased with the engine load increased. After adding n-pentanol to BD20, the HRR increased. The peak IP and BTE values of BDP20 were similar to those of D100 and BD20. With the addition of n-pentanol, the total particulate number concentration (TPNC), soot, and total particulate mass concentration (TPMC) emissions decreased. Furthermore, the trade-off relationship between TPMC and NOx was improved, and the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of the particles decreased.

Impact of alkylbenzenes in formulated surrogate fuel on characteristics of compression ignition engine

Aromatic contents in the fuel significantly affect the exhaust pollutant emissions and performance of compression ignition engines. Alkylbenzenes are dominating aromatics in diesel fuel and have attractive properties as the component of diesel fuel. Therefore, different alkylbenzenes were experimentally investigated using single-cylinder direct-injection compression ignition engine at two different loads and constant speed. Different Alkylbenzenes were blended with low aromatic diesel fuel in three percentages i.e. 5, 10 and 15% by mass. The results showed a slight improvement in brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency with high calorific value alkylbenzenes. Moreover, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and smoke emissions were significantly influenced with the aromatic content and their types. The effect on performance and emissions differed from one alkylbenzene to another due to the variation in physicochemical properties of aromatics such as density, hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, etc. Ethylbenzene shows better results in terms of performance and lower pollutant emissions.

Investigational explorations on operation and emission features of C.I engine supplemented by Methyl Propanol and CycloPentyl Ether mixtures

The exploration of present investigation effort is to probe the operation and emission features of Compression Ignition engine by means of oxygenated blends. The research was conducted on a single cylinder four stroke D.I Water cooled Compression Ignition engine supplied by Methyl Propanol and CycloPentyl Ether mixture in various proportions with pure Diesel. The study was accomplished by three dissimilar mixtures of Methyl Propanol (MP), Cyclo Pentyl Ether (CPE) and Diesel(D) in several ratios (MP10% + CPE5% + D85%), (MP10% + CPE10% + D80%) and (MP10% + CPE15% + D75%) in assessment with Diesel (D100%) to evaluate the influence of using Methyl Propanol-CycloPentyl Ether-Diesel blends on Compression Ignition engine performance. For the similar engine speed and compression ratio, different engine performance factors such as Brake Thermal Efficiency and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption, exhaust emissions such as Hydrocarbon, CO, and NOx, was deliberated. The outcomes designates that the fuel blends have higher BTE for all loading situations and the BTE rises with the escalation of CycloPentyl ether attentiveness. At full load, MP10% + CPE10% + D80% has reduced BSFC in contrast with Diesel. NOx emission and HC emission also reduced to great extent in fuel blends when compared to pure Diesel.

Effect of Partially Premixed Fuel on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Compression Ignition (CI) Engine

In this world, the population is increased and the number of vehicles increased. Not only population the pollution is increased lot by vehicles in the world harmful pollutant is realized from the vehicles like CO, HC, NOx and smoke particulates. It is inevitable to find some new technology, which increases the better performance and emission characteristics. Partially premixed compression ignition (PCCI) is the best technology for the reducing of harmful pollution in the vehicle, which uses the diesel as fuel it, gives the advantages of both CI and SI engine. This paper investigates the performance and emission characteristics of partially premixed diesel engine. Diesel engine has two injectors of port fuel injector (PFI) and direct injector (DI) to inject the fuel in different timing and electrical control unit (ECU) passes the power to PFI; it can control the injection timing and increases the fuel content from the fuel pump. The main aim in this paper is studied is effect of partially premixed ratio, performance of engine and emission characteristics of diesel engine

Emission from Compression Ignition Engine using Biogas Blends with Diesel as a Fuel

A study on performance and emission of compression ignition (CI) engine has been made by utilizing biogas blends at different loads. The flow rate of biogas with air was important parameter to get the desired results. The blend of 30% with diesel was optimum which yielded optimum emission characteristics. Higher specific fuel consumption and lower brake thermal efficiency was observed when the proportion of biogas mixes with diesel in comparison with neat diesel. The out coming results from the experimental investigation exhibited reduction in NOx emission and smoke opacity. The other emissions hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) has been higher than diesel. The use of biogas as an alternative fuel in correct proportion with diesel can meet the energy demand on scarcity of conventional fuel.

Effects on performance and emissions of gasoline compression ignition engine over a wide range of internal exhaust gas recirculation rates under lean conditions

A gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine would cause difficulties of ignition stability or even misfired phenomenon at low loads. Internal exhaust gas recirculation (IEGR) technology is used to broaden the operating range and provide a GCI engine with combustion stability. In this paper, the effects of the IEGR rate (10–90%) and excess air ratio (EAR) (1.0–4.0) on the combustion performance and emissions from a GCI were investigated on a fully variable valve engine, with a particular focus on fuel economy and emissions from a GCI within less than or equal to 5% of the coefficient of variation of the indicated mean effective pressure (COVIMEP). And based on the condition of COVIMEP = 5%, the difference values between maximum and minimum cycle pressure and knock are analyzed in detail. The study finds that excessive EGR hinders combustion but improves the ignition stability of a GCI. With the EGR rate from 10% to 60%, and the EAR is 1.5 to 3.0, the combustion efficiency that greater than 90% can be obtained. Moreover, the different values of the peak of maximum and minimum pressure from the 200 continuous cycles decrease as the EGR increases. In addition, the frequency of knock occurred is further greater than that of misfire even though the low loads with the COVIMEP ranges around 5%.

Performance and emission analysis of compression ignition engine using biodiesels from Acid oil, Mahua oil, and Castor oil

AbstractResearch on and use of biodiesels for engines is growing continuously in the present era. Compression ignition (CI) engine performance for biodiesels of blends B20 from Acid oil, Mahua oil, and Castor oil is experimentally investigated. The engine performance analysis in the form of brake‐specific fuel consumption, brake‐specific energy consumption, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and air fuel ratio are compared with diesel as base fuel. Emission characteristics like CO, CO2, NOx, and opacity are comparatively studied in detail for the considered biodiesels. The entire study is compared with the performance of engine when pure diesel is chosen as fuel. From the complete analysis it was observed that the BTE was higher for Acid oil and Mahua oil among the biodiesels used. And regarding CO emissions, Mahua oil showed lower effect than other biodiesels. Upto 6% increase in EGT of Mahua oil was obtained at no load and for other loads the percent reduced. For all the biodiesels the % enhancement in Co, CO2, and NOx was more than 60% at highest load compared with diesel.

Effects of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and post-injection strategy on combustion and emission characterizes in a dimethyl carbonate/diesel blending engine

To meet the increasingly stringent emission regulations on CI engines, a new theory that combines post-injection technology and uses dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and a certain amount of EGR to achieve ultra-low emissions of soot and nitrogen oxides (NOX) is proposed. However, DMC causes a delay in combustion phase of the mixed fuel due to its smaller cetane number (CN) value. Because the combustion phase affects thermal efficiency, economic efficiency, and emission performance of compression ignition (CI) engines, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) can be used as a CN enhancer, to improve the combustion performance parameters of the mixed fuel. This study verifies this theory by controlling the post-injection rate (0, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of different experimental fuels for a diesel engine with four-cylinder and turbocharged. The five fuels were pure diesel and a mixture of 80% diesel with 20% DMC (DMC20). As well, EHN was added to DMC20 with a proportion of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. Through this study, the use of 0.5% EHN allows maximum in-cylinder pressure (MINP) and maximum heat rise rate (MHRR) of the DMC/diesel blend to achieve results similar to those of diesel. And the use of EHN reduced the ignition delay time, but leading to a slightly increase of soot. As the post-injection rate increased, both NOX and carbon monoxide (CO) decreased and soot significantly decreased. The addition of 0.5% EHN with the post-injection rate of >15% has a good combustion and emission effect and extends the trade-off limits of NOX and soot.

Effect of cracked naphtha/biodiesel/diesel blends on performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engine

Utilization of biofuels has drawn attention of researchers for many years to face depletion of fossil fuels. The high viscosity and low heating value of biodiesel are main drawbacks of using it along with high NOx emissions. Addition of ternary component to relax these drawbacks are widely considered. The focus of this study is to illustrate the effect of a novel ternary component to diesel-biodiesel blend on combustion characteristics, engine performance and emissions. This third component is cracked naphtha which is a low cetane/low octane fuel. Engine experiments were performed using a single cylinder, 4-stroke, air-cooled compression ignition (CI) engine. Different naphtha concentrations were considered. This included 5%, 10% and 15%. The engine performance results revealed that 10% and 5% are the maximum allowable percentages of naphtha to D100 and B30, respectively. A reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) of 6.28% and 11.7% was achieved for 5% and 10% naphtha addition to diesel, respectively. Negligible effect was observed for naphtha on bsfc for B30–N5. Naphtha has decreased NOx emissions for B30–N5 at all considered loads and for diesel-naphtha blends at high and medium loads. CO emissions have been reduced for diesel-naphtha blends, while for B30–N5, CO emissions was increased.

Parametric optimization of a direct injection ‐ compression ignition engine fuelled with butanol/diesel blend using response surface methodology

AbstractThis paper presents results of a simulation study on the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition engine, fuelled with butanol/diesel blend (20% of butanol‐by volume, called as Bu20). The aim of this study is identify optimum values of the engine operating parameters for this Bu20 fuel, which give the best performance with minimum emissions. CONVERGE CFD software was used to carry‐out the simulation studies. Simulation studies were carried out by varying four operating parameters of the engine, viz., compression ratio (CR) (16.5, 17.5, and 18.5), fuel injection pressure (FIP) (200, 220, and 240 bar), start of injection (SOI) (21, 23, and 25° CA bTDC) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) (0, 10, and 20%). The engine performance was evaluated in terms of indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC), soot and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). Response surface methodology was employed for developing response models for the three output parameters considered, that is, ISFC, NOx, and soot. From the analysis of variance, it was observed that all the developed response models were statistically significant. Desirability approach was used to find the optimum combination of the input parameters with an objective of minimizing the three output responses that is, ISFC, NOx, and soot. The analysis showed that engine operation with optimum values of the operating parameters, that is, CR of 17.5, FIP of 240 bar, SOI of 25° CA bTDC and EGR rate of 10% would give better performance with minimum emissions for Bu20 fuel, compared to the engine performance with baseline configuration.

Enhancing performance of compression ignition engine fueled with diesel blends of linseed and cottonseed oil by optimizing its technological parameters

Enhancing performance of compression ignition engine fueled with diesel blends of linseed and cottonseed oil by optimizing its technological parameters

Effects of process parameters on performance and emissions of a water-emulsified diesel-fueled compression ignition engine

ABSTRACT Out of various strategies to extenuate the diesel engine emissions, use of water-blended diesel fuel in emulsified form is found to be a prominent option. The studies carried out by various researchers give quite inconsistent results for optimum water concentration, surfactant concentration, and HLB value. An effort has been made in this paper to analyze this inconsistency of water concentration and surfactant for engine emissions and performance along with the effect of compression ratio. The work has been carried out on a non-road, constant rpm, VCR (variable compression ratio) diesel engine. Different emulsions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% water-in-diesel with 3% emulsifier concentration were tested on the diesel-optimized engine at CR 21. The results showed that emulsion of 15% water-in-diesel is optimal on the basis of emissions and performance. Further, the selected 15% emulsion is tested with 4% emulsifier concentration. It improved the stability of emulsion and performance of the engine with slight adverse effects on the NOx emissions. Then, emulsion with 4% surfactant and 15% water is tested to determine optimum compression ratio for emulsified fuels. CR 20 is found in optimum. Remarkably 9.28% improvement in BTE is observed reaching up to 23.89% as compared to 21.86% with bare diesel. 25.1% reduction in NOx and more than 50% reduction in smoke is observed. Overall, it is concluded that the water-blended diesel emulsion could serve as a fuel-efficient cleaner combustion technology and needs to be standardized. Abbreviations HLB: Hydrophile–Lipophile Balance; Cv: Calorific Value; W/D: Water in Diesel; PM: Particulate matter; RPM: Rotation per minute; HC: Hydrocarbon; CR: Compression Ratio; EGT: Exhaust Gas Temperature; BTE: Brake Thermal Efficiency; NOx: Oxides of Nitrogen; BSFC: Brake specific fuel consumption

Performance and Emission Parameters of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine: A Review

Strict emission regulations and demand for better fuel economy are driving forces for finding advanced engines that will be able to replace the conventional internal combustion engines in the near future. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines use a different combustion technique; there are no spark plugs or injectors to assist the combustion. Instead, when the mixtures reach chemical activation energy, combustion auto-ignites in multiple spots. The main objective of this review paper is to study the engine performance and emission characteristics of HCCI engines operating in various conditions. Additionally, the impact of different fuels and additives on HCCI engine performance is also evaluated. The study also introduces a potential guideline to improve engine performance and emission characteristics. Compared to conventional compression ignition and spark ignition combustion methods, the HCCI combustion mode is noticeably faster and also provides better thermal efficiency. Although a wide range of fuels including alternative and renewable fuels can be used in the HCCI mode, there are some limitation/challenges, such as combustion limited operating range, phase control, high level of noise, cold start, preparation of homogeneous charge, etc. In conclusion, the HCCI combustion mode can be achieved in existing spark ignition (SI) engines with minor adjustments, and it results in lower oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions, with practically a similar performance as that of SI combustion. Further improvements are required to permit extensive use of the HCCI mode in future.

Numerical Analysis of Diesel Engine with Modified Inlet Valve

The Internal combustion engine is one of the widely used mechanical system. The primary aspect of all types of engines is the amount of power produced which, is affected by the complete combustion of a mixture of air and fuel. The objective of this present work is to outline the improved performance of single-cylinder Compression Ignition engine with the aid of geometrical modifications of Inlet manifold. The Study is performed on Kirlosakr CI engine. For modeling of engine assembly, CATIA V5 Software has been used. The Numerical simulations are performed with Ansys 14.5 and solver used as CFX. In this work, two different engine models such as Conventional valve and Modified valve with plate is being considered for CFD analysis. The simulation study of air flow motion with a valve lift of 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm is performed for both valve configurations. This numerical analysis aims to maximize the air velocity in the inlet valve with minimum turbulence which in turn improves the engine performance. The study is performed on the single cylinder four-stroke variable compression ratio diesel engines. In the present study, the air flow motion inside the intake manifold of an engine is simulated and investigations are performed by considering the six conditions of the intake valve. The results obtained acts as a basis for further investigation of a variety of valve geometry.

Experimental investigations on the influence of hydrogen and LPG mixtures on performance behavior of a mahua bio oil-powered dual fuel engine

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the effects of hydrogen-blended LPG on performance, combustion, and emission behavior of mahua oil-fueled dual fuel engine were experimentally investigated and presented. Mahua oil (pilot fuel) was directly injected into the cylinder during compression stroke and gaseous fuels LPG and HLPG (primary fuel) was inducted into the intake manifold during suction stroke of the engine with variable flow rates such as 1,2,3, and 4 lpm (liter per minute) at 1-lpm interval. The investigation was carried out on diesel engine at speed of 1500 rpm with 3.7 kW rated power output. The following inferences were made from the experimental investigation. Brake thermal efficiency of the engine decreases for alternate fuel (neat mahua oil) mode of operation compared to conventional diesel fuel operation. On the other hand, brake thermal efficiency of neat mahua oil increases from 28% with single fuel operation to 29.3% under 5 lpm LPG dual fuel operation. Further improvement in brake thermal efficiency is noted when 1 lpm hydrogen is mixed with LPG flow. Eighty-three percent reduction in HC emission is observed for 11 lpm HLPG compared with 10 lpm LPG. Massive reduction in smoke formation is perceived for both LPG and HLPG flow rates. But NO emission is increased for both LPG and HLPG fuels compared to neat mahua oil. As a final point, the study abstracts that performance of the neat mahua oil-based compression ignition engine has been increased under dual mode by adding LPG and hydrogen.

Influence of adding multiwalled carbon nanotubes to waste cooking oil biodiesel on the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine: an experimental investigation

ABSTRACTThe current experimental work focuses on the influence of adding multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCME) on the performance, emission and combustion parameters of compression ignition engine. The MWCNT was scrutinized using TEM and XRD analysis, and then it was blended with waste cooking oil biodiesel fuel at a fraction of 25, 50, and 75 mg/L using ultrasonicator. These blends were tested under different engine loads and a constant speed of 2000 rpm. The experimental outcomes demonstrated that by adding MWCNTs to WCME fuel, the cylinder peak pressure, peak pressure rise rate, and heat release rate were slightly reduced in comparison with pure WCME fuel. The innovated fuel blend significantly decreased NOx, CO, and UHC. Additionally, the brake thermal efficiency was amended remarkably, and the specific fuel consumption was reduced compared with pure WCME fuel. According to the comparisons of engine performance and emissions, the recommended dose level of MWCNTs with WCME fuel was concluded to be 50 mg/l, which gave a substantial improvement in all engine performance characteristics (where NOx was reduced by 40%, CO by 40%, UHC by 50% and bsfc by 18%).

Investigation of the effects of diesel-fusel oil fuel blends on combustion, engine performance and exhaust emissions in a single cylinder compression ignition engine

Increasing harmful effects of global warming, consumption of energy and depletion of fossil-based fuels have directed the researches on alternative fuels such as ethanol, methanol, natural gas for compression ignition engines. Among these fuels, alcohols are preferred due to their advantages such as oxygen content, renewable fuel and availability by biomass sources. Fusel oil is obtained as a by-product in ethanol production and it has no usage area and no value for the economy of the country. In this study, pure diesel and fusel oil were mixed in certain proportions. The effects of test fuels on combustion, engine performance and exhaust emissions were examined comprehensively at different engine loads and speeds. In the calculation of heat release rate single-zone combustion model and the first thermodynamics were used. At full load operating conditions similar pressure traces were obtained with F5 and F10 compared to diesel. Specific fuel consumptions were calculated as 201.3, 240.1 and 261.9 g/kWh at 2200 rpm with the usage of diesel, F5 and F10 fuels respectively. In addition, it was determined that as the ratio of fusel oil in the blend increased, CO emissions increased according to the pure diesel operation and smoke and NOx emissions decreased.

Performance and Emission Characteristics of Ternary Fuel Blends in Diesel Engines

The unprecedented use of petroleum fuels in recent years has created an imbalance in the supply and demand. Moreover, fast depletion of these fuels, price perturbation and multi-fold increase in greenhouse gas emissions are debatable issues amongst the scientific fraternity. A sustainable solution to the above problems is to shift towards the renewable alternative fuels. In the Indian context, diesel substitute have special relevance. Ethers have some promising properties similar to diesel, out of which Diethyl ethers (DEE) are most promising alternatives. The present investigation deals with the effect of DEE blends on the performance and emission characteristics of unmodified compression ignition (CI) engines. During the present investigation, ternary blends of diethyl ether, jatropha biodiesel (JB) in diesel were prepared in different proportions. The physico-chemical properties and spray characteristics of the test fuels including density, viscosity, calorific value and Sauter mean diameter (SMD) were also calculated. The experimental results reveal that there is no significant effect of the addition of DEE and JB on the brake thermal efficiency. However, the ternary blend carrying 7.5 % of DEE and JB yields the maximum efficiency of 27.9% which is nearly equal to that of peak efficiency of diesel fuel i.e. 28.4%. The exhaust emissions studies reveal that the percentage of CO, HC, NOX and smoke opacity were reduced significantly. Therefore usage of ternary fuel blends of diesel, JB and DEE is a viable approach for the partial replacement of diesel.

The Performance and Emissions Investigations of Compression Ignition (CI) Engine Using Algal Biomass as an Antioxidant Additive in Coconut and Karanja Methyl Esters

The day-to-day human needs are strongly associated with the transportation and industrial sectors, which are influencing to deplete fossil fuel reserves. At this situation, the use of biodiesel in an efficient way is the only practical alternative to run compression ignition engines. The biodiesels fuel-borne oxygen may reduce carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), and smoke emissions but increase carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. The scientists and researchers are starving to improve engine performance by reducing the most harmful NOx emissions. Because of this, the author has investigated naturally aspirated single-cylinder unmodified direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine. Two grams of mixed culture algal biomass particles are added in highly saturated coconut and unsaturated Karanja biodiesel fuels. The brake thermal efficiency of algal particles-emulsified fuels increased due to the explosion of biodiesel-surrounded algal particles after attaining autoignition temperature. The reduction in NOx emissions is noticed with algal particles-emulsified fuels because the particles absorb heat from the combustion chamber.