Performance Of Broiler Chickens Research Articles

Influence of asafoetida herbal supplementation on the growth performance and nutrients digestibility in broiler chickens

Influence of asafoetida herbal supplementation on the growth performance and nutrients digestibility in broiler chickens

Impact of dietary dicalcium phosphate nanoparticles on productive performance of broiler chickens.

Impact of dietary dicalcium phosphate nanoparticles on productive performance of broiler chickens.

Effects of dietary Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosula extracts on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status, and intestinal health in broilers.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) consisting of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge (AMT) and Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf (CPO) extracts on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. Two groups were formed, each consisting of six replicates of 12 one-day-old healthy male 817 white feather broilers. Broilers were fed either a basal diet (CON group) or a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg CHM. The trial lasted 50 days. The results showed that CHM supplementation resulted in enhanced feed efficiency and antioxidant capacity in both the serum and liver, while it reduced uric acid and endotoxin levels, as well as diamine oxidase activity (p < 0.05). Additionally, CHM treatment increased the height of jejunum villi and upregulated Claudin-1 expression in the jejunal mucosa accompanied by an increase in the mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interferon-β (IFN-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) (p < 0.05). The presence of dietary CHM caused an increase in the proportions of Bacteroidetes and unclassified Bacteroidales but led to a decrease in those of Firmicutes and Alistipes (p < 0.05). The composition of the jejunal mucosa microbiota was correlated with the feed conversion ratio, serum metabolites, and gene expression based on Spearman correlation analysis. The findings indicated that the consumption of dietary CHM improved the utilization of feed, increased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the jejunal mucosa, and decreased the endotoxin level and activities of diamine oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase in the serum, which could potentially be linked to changes in the gut microbiota of broiler chickens.

Changes in the bioactive compounds of sun-dried ginger rhizome and their effects on growth performance, blood profile, carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens

Changes in the bioactive compounds of sun-dried ginger rhizome and their effects on growth performance, blood profile, carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens

Effect of zinc oxide nano-particles supplementation on the histoarchitecture of small intestine of broilers

In this study, a total 240 Vencobb strain broiler chicks were randomly divided into 3 groups. The broilers fed with basal diet were kept as control group (C), while T1 and T2 groups broilers were fed with zinc oxide nanoparticles @45 mg/kg and @90 mg/kg of basal diet, respectively. Eight chicks out of each group were sacrificed at an interval of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days and tissue samples from different parts of small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) from each bird were collected, processed, stained and studied for various micrometrical parameters. Histomorphometrical parameters of small intestines showed significantly increasing trend with the advancing age in control, T1 and T2 groups. Significantly higher histomorphometrical parameters of small intestines were recorded inzinc oxide nano-particle supplemented groups when compared to control. Zinc oxide nanoparticle supplementation @90 mg/kg diet in feed of broilers significantly improved histomorphometric characteristics, viz. villus height of duodenum, jejunum and ileum; villus width of ileum, width of muscularis laminae in duodenum and ileum and height of epithelial cells in all three segments of small intestine. Therefore, it is concluded that zinc oxide nanoparticle can be used as a diet supplement for increasing the overall performance in broiler chicks during their growth period, however, supplementation of zinc oxide nanoparticle @90 mg/kg gave better result in broilers for overall better performance.

Performance of Broiler Chicken on Diet Supplemented with Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum) Powder on Haematological and Biochemical Parameters

The present research work was conducted with the aim to find the different levels of black pepper powder supplementation on the performance in terms of growth, feed intake, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, overall performance and cost of rearing of broiler chicken. For this, a total of 120- day old, broiler chicks of hybrid Cobb-400 strain, were equally distributed into four treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) with five replications per treatment following Randomized Block Design. The birds were reared for 42 days. The birds in control group (T1) were provided with standard diets of broiler starter and broiler finisher. However, the diets of other groups were supplemented with black pepper powder @7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 g/kg feed for T2, T3 and T4 groups, respectively. Feed intake was recorded daily and weekly body weight was recorded replication wise. Gain in weight and feed conversion efficiency was calculated accordingly. The inputs of all items were precisely recorded for calculation of economics of rearing. On the 42nd day, from each treatment three birds were selected for collection of blood analysis viz. Hb, WBC, RBC, HDL, LDL and Cholesterol. No mortality was observed for all the treatments. The results showed no significant difference in body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, overall performance index and net profit per bird. In terms of blood constituents viz, RBC, WBC, Cholesterol were better in T1 group.

Effects of Graded Levels of Typha angustifolia Rhizomes on Intestinal Microflora, Immune System, and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

Introduction: The ability of growth-promoting antibiotics to accumulate in livestock products such as meat, eggs, and milk, and the antibiotic resistance conferred on bacteria has prompted researchers to turn to phyto-additives. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of Typha angustifolia rhizome powder as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chicken. Materials and methods: For this purpose, 512 one-day-old chickens of the Cobb500 strain were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design of 8 treatments of 16 chicks replicated four times. Experimental rations consisted of incorporating into a control ration 1 g of Doxycycline® (0+), and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g of Typha angustifolia /kg of feed, respectively. Results: The main results revealed that feed intake was not significantly affected by the different treatments. Over the study period, supplementing chicken with 6 g of T. angustifolia/kg increased live weight and weight gain by about 6.72% and 6.82%, respectively, compared to the negative control. Similarly, this phyto-additive, at the incorporation rate of 6 g/kg, decreased the chicken feed conversion ratio by 12.83% compared to the control without additives. The 6 g of Typha angustifolia/kg of feed induced a significant increase in the weight, length, and density of the intestine as compared to the negative control ration. This phyto-additive, whatever the rate, significantly increased the number of lactic acid bacteria, and the digestibility of crude protein and dietary fiber compared to the negative control. Apart from the serum concentration of total cholesterol and high-density cholesterol, which increased significantly with 1 g of Typha angustifolia compared to the negative control, all the haemato-biochemical parameters were not significantly affected by this phyto-additive, whatever the incorporation rate. Conclusion: In the condition of the present study, it was concluded that 6 g of Typha angustifolia/kg of feed can be used as a substitute for antibiotics growth promoters in animal feed.

Impact of Adding Aqueous Extract of Mentha Pulegium and Lemon and its Mixture to Drinking Water on some Growth Performance and Intestine Organs of Broiler Chicken

The research was conducted to detect some of growth and gastrointestinal performance of broiler chickens fed with aqueous extract of mentha pulegium or lemon, which are alternative growth stimulants. In the study 324 day-old chicks (Ross 308) were used. There were 4 feed treatments each consisting of 3 replicates (27 chicks per iteration). The control group ( C ) was fed on basal diet without adding, while the other three groups were fed on basic ration with the addition of (0.5%) aqueous extract of mentha pulegium (AEM) and (0.5%) aqueous extract of lemon (AEL) and (0.2.5%) aqueous extract of mentha pulegium plus (0.2.5%) aqueous extract of lemon (AEM+AEL) in drinking water, respectively. Feed intake and body weight were measured every week. At the age of 35 days, four birds were slaughtered for each replicate, the relative weights of edible internal organs, intestines, relative length of intestines and abdominal fat were calculated. Results showed that from 1 to 35 days of age, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion coefficient were higher (p < 0.05) in broiler chickens fed on the aqueous extract of mentha pulegium compared to the control. Lemon treatment and the mix has no obvious effect on productive characteristics compared to control group. The prorated weights of internal organs (edible), intestines and the prorated length of the intestines were impacted by the contents of mentha pulegium. The use of mentha pulegium and lemon alone or in combination reduces the weight of abdominal fat compared to the control group. Thus, mentha pulegium and lemon have an extensive range of investigation and future studies and need to take advantage of their potential benefits in order to develop animal production, particular the poultry industry.

Effect of Dietary Fumaric Acid on Growth Performance and some Biochemical Parameters in Broiler

The aim of this research work is evaluate effect of supplementation different levels of fumaric acid at two different times on productive performance and several serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. A total of 360 (day-old) chicks were used for 35 days. Chicks were randomly distributed among five treatments, each treatment included three replicates (24 chicks /replicate). Experimental treatments included fumaric acid 0, 1, 1.5 g / kg feed, which was presented to the birds in two stages, the first at the age of 10 days, the second at the age of 20 days in the diet. The results showed that the treatments added to fumaric recorded a significant increase in body weight, weight gain, and the amount of feed ingested. And there were no significant differences in the feed conversion factor, and the biochemical parameters showed that fumaric intake reduces glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood of birds. It did not show an effect of the time of addition.

The Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Crud Protein During Different Age Stages on the Productive Performance of ROSS 308

An experiment at the poultry Field-Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture / University of Anbar, to know the effect of dietary protein levels during different age periods on productive performance of broiler chicks. The experimental treatments included: T1: The control treatment with standard protein levels (22, 20 and 18%) for the starter, grower and finisher respectively, T2: raising the crude protein level to 24% for the first week of the starter stage to continue after that with a standard protein level until the fifth week to reduce then to 16% protein in the last week of the finishing stage, T3: The crude protein level was raised to 26% for the first week of the starter stage, to continue after that at with a standard protein level until the fifth week, to then be reduced to 14% protein in the last week of the finishing stage,T4: It started with a controlled level of crude protein, and in the first week of the growing stage, the protein level was raised to 24%, to continue after that at a standard protein level, and in the last week of the finishing site, the crude protein was reduced to 16% and T5: It began with a control level for crude protein and in the first week of the stage growing The protein level was raised to 26%, to continue after that at a record protein level, and in the last week of the finishing site, the crude protein was reduced to 14%. The results showed that the T1 and T2 treatments were significantly superior (p ≤ 0.05) and achieved the highest results of body weight in the first and second weeks.

The Effect of using Different Sources of Vegetable Oils on the Productive Performance of Broilers Ross 308

In order to determine the impact of using five different types of vegetable oils on the productive performance of broiler chickens, Ross 308, I carried out a field experiment in the poultry field of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, between November 28, 2022, and January 5, 2023. A total of 150 Ross 308 unsexed chicks, each weighing an average of (39.12) g at one day old, participated in the study. Five chicks were assigned to each of the six replicates in each of the five treatments, which were given equally to the chicks. Sunflower oil was utilized in the first treatment, followed by linseed oil in the second, olive oil in the third, canola oil in the fourth, and maize oil in the fifth. According to the Ross 308 Breeding Guide, crushed feed, lighting, and water were given. At the conclusion of each feeding session, the body weight, weight increase, amount of feed consumed, and feed conversion factor were recorded. These were the outcomes: The fourth treatment (using canola oil) did not significantly differ from the other experimental treatments in terms of body weight at 35 days or total weight gain, and there was no significant difference between the experimental treatments. The fourth treatment was significantly better than the control treatment (using sunflower oil). in terms of feed conversion ratio and feed usage.

Evaluation the effect of antibiotics and probiotics supplementation in feed on broilers chicken immunity status

Antibiotics and probiotics play important roles in the feed of broiler chickens. Antibiotics are commonly used in poultry production to prevent and treat bacterial infections, promote growth, and improve feed efficiency. Evaluation of antibiotic and Probiotic effects on growth performance, cecal microbiota, and immune response of broilers were studied. 150 one-day-old male chickens were allocated to five treatments (six replicates of 5 birds per treatment). The chicken challenged was infected with Salmonella Pullorum per os twice at 7 and 8 day-aged.The results of this study suggest that the addition of Brevibacillus laterosporus texasporus culture at a dosage of 100 mg/kg in feed can improve the growth performance of broiler chickens that have been challenged by Salmonella infection. Considering the development of immune organs in broilers, the shift away from AGPs toward probiotics is evident. Probiotics, by fostering a healthier gut environment and supporting gut-associated immune responses, offer a more targeted and sustainable approach to enhancing immune organ development.

Effect of Adding L-Arginine to Broiler Diets on Physiological Performance

This research was conducted in the poultry sector of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, from October 26, 2022, to December 7, 2022 (42 days). The objective was to compare the effects of incorporating different levels of L-Arginine and vitamin C on the productive and physiological performance of broiler chickens. One hundred and fifty Ross 308 strain broiler chicks, aged one day and of unspecified sex, were utilized in the study. The chicks were individually weighed and randomly assigned to five experimental groups, each consisting of three replicates with ten birds per replicate. The treatments consisted of the following: First treatment Control group (no additives), Second treatment: Addition of arginine at a rate of 1 g/kg of feed, Third treatment: Addition of arginine at a rate of 1.5 g/kg of feed, Fourth treatment: Addition of arginine at a rate of 2 g/kg of feed and Fifth treatment: Addition of vitamin C at a rate of 300 mg/kg of feed The results of the study revealed that utilizing the specified levels of arginine and vitamin C in the diets did not lead to any significant impact on the physiological performance, chemical, and biochemical blood parameters of the broiler chickens. These parameters included Glutathione, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Triglycerides, Cholesterol, Creatinine, Uric Acid, AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase), Ceruloplasmin, Albumin, Protein, Glucose, H/L Ratio (Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio), Lymphocytes, and Monocytes. In conclusion, the utilization of the specified levels of arginine and vitamin C in the diets did not result in any significant effects on the studied parameters in the broiler chickens.

The Effect of Adding Levels Hibisscus sabdariffa.L of Powder in the Ration on the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

The study was carried out in the poultry farms affiliated to Animal Production Research - College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk. 250 one-day-old, unsexed chickens were used for a period of 45 days, to find out the effect of the local currant powder added to the diet on the productive performance of broiler chickens of the Rose 308 type distributed randomly into 6 treatments divided into 5 replications for each replicate. 10 birds included, the first treatment being control the second contains 0.05 mg of BHT, and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth contain 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of Hibisscus Sabdariffa.L, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences at the level of P≤0.05. Forage consumption increased in the sixth treatment for all weeks, and the total rate, except for the sixth week, was superior to T4, T5, and T6. The weight gain recipe outperformed the sixth treatment for all weeks, and in the food conversion treatment T1 decreased in the first week, while in the second week it decreased in T5, while in the third and fifth weeks, and the total rate decreased T6, T5, but in the sixth week it was lower in T6. There were no significant differences in the percentage of purification and in the weights of the carcass, heart and liver, and the gizzard excelled at T6.

Response of Broiler to Addition Dimethylglycine of Normal and Low-Energy Diets in Productive Performance

The research was conducted in poultry fields in the Department of Animal Production / College of Agriculture / University of Anbar for the period starting from the third of September 2022 until the fourteenth of December 2022 (42 days), and The purpose of the study was to find out the effect adding dimethylglycine to diets Regular and low-energy diets on productive performance of broiler chickens. 180 Ross 308 unsexed chicks, 1 day old and average weight of 37.8 g, were used, distributed to two groups depending on the energy level in the diet (normal diet and low energy diet), each group was treated with dimethylglycine at levels (0, 300 and 600 mg / In kg of fed), The results showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05) for the addition treatments 0, 300 and 600 mg / kg feed in average body weight, weight gain and feed conversion factor compared to control treatments. As for the interaction between the trait of the diet and the additives, a significant improvement (P < 0.05) was observed in the treatment of the regular ration by adding 300 DMG / kg feed compared to the rest of the treatments, then this was followed by the treatment with reduced food rations without addition or with the addition of 300 DMG / kg fed. We conclude that adding DMG at the above levels to the regular and low-energy diets The productive performance of broilers improved without any negative effect.

Improving the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diets Containing the Mixture “Toxbond Forte”

The current study is conducted to study the use of the mixture called “Toxbond Forte” and its effect on the productive characteristics of broiler chickens in the fields of Kosar Company – Erbil. The experiment took 35 days and it was from 20/7/2022 to 25/8/2022. 120 unsexed chicks from Rose 308 type one day old with an initial weight of 42 ± 3 g per chick have been used in this experiment. The chicks were randomly distributed into 5 treatments with 3 replicates for each treatment 8 birds/repeater. The experimental treatments were as follows: the first treatment T1: control treatment without any additions, the second treatment T2 : adding the compound by 0.5 g / kg of feed, the third treatment T3: adding the compound by 1 g / kg of feed, the fourth treatment T4: adding the compound by 1.5 g / kg of feed, and the fifth treatment T5: adding the compound by 2 g / kg of feed. The results of the analysis showed that there significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the average body weight in the fourth and fifth week, while the weekly weight was gained in the second, fourth, and fifth weeks. In contrast to that, there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the rate of the weekly feed consumption in the first and fourth weeks, but it was noted that the consumed feed decreased in the fifth week in favor of the additional groups when comparing with the control treatment. Lastly, the research showed that there were no significant differences in the first, second, and third weeks, but there were significant differences (P≤ 0.05) in the fourth and fifth weeks for the additional treatments when compared with the control group in the factor of food conversion.

Effect of Adding L-Arginine to Broiler Diets on Production and Physiological Performance

The present work was aimed to study the effect of L-arginine level to dietary, this study was conducted in the poultry field of the Animal Production Department at the College of Agriculture / University of Anbar for the period from 10/26/2022 to 12/7/2022 (42 days), with the aim of studying the comparison of adding different ratios of L-Arginine and a percentage of vitamin C in Productive and physiological performance of broiler chickens. In the study, 150 broiler chicks (unsexed) Ross strain (308) were used in the study, at the age of one day. They were individually weighed and randomly distributed to five experimental treatments, with three replications per treatment (10 birds replicated). First treatment is control with not addition, second treatment included the addition of L-Arginine at a rate of 1g/1kg of feed, third treatment included the addition of L-Arginine at a rate of 1.5g/1kg of feed, fourth treatment included the addition of L-Arginine at a rate of 2 gm / 1 kg of feed and fifth treatment included the addition of vitamin C at a rate of 300 mg / 1 kg of feed. The results of the production performance study and the economic indicator showed that the use of the above-determined ratios of arginine and vitamin C in diets had no significant effect on weight gain, body weight, feed conversion factor, and mortality at (P≤0.05).

Addition of soybean meal extract with Lactobacillus plantarum in rations on protein digestibility and performance of broiler chickens

This study examined the effect of adding soybean meal extract (SME) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) on protein digestibility and performance of broiler chickens. The material used was 8-day-old Cobb CP 707 strain broilers with a body weight of 137.89 ± 3.7 g. This study used a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replicates, with each replicate of 8 birds. The treatments were T0: basal diet (control), T1: basal diet + LP 1.2%, T2: basal diet + SME 0.15%, T3: basal diet + SME 0.30%, T4: basal diet + SME 0.15% + LP 1.2%, T5: basal ration + SME 0.30% + LP 1.2%. Parameters measured were the performance of broiler chickens, lactic acid bacteria population, Escherichia coli population, intestinal pH, protein consumption, protein digestibility, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the addition of SME and Lactobacillus plantarum in the ration had a significant effect (P &lt;0.05) on total daily weight gain, total daily feed intake, total feed conversion, lactic acid bacteria population, Escherichia coli population, intestinal pH, protein consumption, protein digestibility, and antioxidant activity. Significantly higher total daily weight gains were observed in T5 (54.09 g) compared to T3 (51.27 g), T2 (46.98 g), T1 (46.64 g), and T0 (45.56 g). Total daily feed intake of T5 (79.94 g) was significantly higher those of T2 (74.52 g), T1 (74.17 g), and T0 (74.89 g). Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in T5 (1.48) compared to the others, but not different from T4 (1.54). The LAB population of T5 (10.26 log cfu/g) was significantly higher than those of T2 (8.98 log cfu/g), T1 (8.99 log cfu/g), and T0 (6.99 log cfu/g). The Escherichia coli population of T5 (1.50 log cfu/g) was significantly lower than T1 (2.40 log cfu/g) and T0 (4.54 log cfu/g). Intestinal pH of T5 (5.90) was significantly lower than the others, but not different from T4 (5.91). Protein consumption of T5 (17.14 g) was significantly higher than T2 (15.98 g), T1 (15.90 g), and T0 (16.00 g), and protein digestibility of T5 (88.53%) was significantly higher than T2 (85.42%), T1 (82.92%), and T0 (80.37%). Malondialdehyde of T5 (0.80 nmol/ml) was significantly lower than T2 (1.01 nmol/ml), T1 (1.03 nmol/ml), and T0 (1.27 nmol/ml). Superoxide dismutase of T5 (21.43 U/ml) was significantly higher than all treatments. The study concludes that adding soybean meal extract with 0.30% and Lactobacillus plantarum 1,2% (T5) was effective in increasing protein digestibility and optimizing performance in broiler chickens.

Potential of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) Extract Nano Herbal as Immunomodulator and Phytogenic Feed Additive for Natural Growth Supporter on Spleenic Germinal Centre and Performance in Animal Model

The purpose of this study was to determine potential meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal as immunomodulator and phytogenic feed additive for natural growth supporter on spleenic germinal centre and performance of broiler chickens. The study started by conducting feed adaptation that was carried out when chickens aged 14 days to 21 days old by giving meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal to the treatment groups in stages as much as 250g, 500g to 1kg in 1 ton of feed. The treatment groups were then given meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal in concentrations 5% (T1), 10% (T2) and 20% (T3) through feed with a ratio of 1kg of meniran extract nano herbal: 1 ton of feed starting from chickens at 21 days to 35 days old. Histopathological examination of the spleen was carried out 5 fields of view each and observed in the form of the diameter of germinal center of spleenic white pulp with a magnification of 100X using a Nikon Eclipse microscope.Data that collected during treatment were feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and performance index. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan's test. The results showed that meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) nano herbal extract concentration of 5% resulted in the best performance. It showed higest splenic germinal centre,feed consumption, body weight, performance Indonesia and also lowest feed conversion ratio. In sum, we conclude that meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nano herbal as immunomodulator can increase immune system in broilers chicken

Effect of green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) as antimicrobial agent on growth performance and ileal histomorphology of broiler chickens

ABSTRACT We investigated the impact of green tea powder (GTP) as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance and gut health in broilers. A total of 340 one-day-old broilers were assigned to four dietary treatments as control (free of antibiotic), antibiotic, GTP 0.5 g/kg (GTP-1) and GTP 1 g/kg (GTP-2). Overall, the antibiotic group demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) higher feed intake, weight gain, lower feed conversion ratio and better dressing percentage compared to the GTP groups, and the control group had the lowest values. GTP-1 showed the highest (P < 0.05) villus height (VH), followed by the antibiotic group and GTP-2, while the control group had the lowest villus height. The control group displayed a higher (P < 0.05) crypt depth, followed by GTP-2, while the antibiotic group and GTP-1 had significantly (P < 0.05) lower crypt depth. The villus height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher in GTP-1, followed by similar values in the antibiotic group and GTP-2, while the control group had the lowest ratio (P < 0.05). From the results of the present study, we concluded that GTP at the level of 0.5 g/kg of feed is an excellent dose vis-à-vis antibiotic in broiler for optimum growth performance and gut health.