Self-care Function Research Articles

Perception and mindfulness-based occupational therapy in people with mental disorders-Aretrospective observational study on the SELWA-treatment

During occupational therapeutic treatment of clients with mental disorders, perception and mindfulness-based techniques are used. However, little is known regarding relevant outcomes. Aim of the present study is to describe the results of aperception and mindfulness-based occupational therapeutic intervention (self-control techniques using perception-based methods (SELWA®) by S.Thielen) regarding the outcomes occupational performance and satisfaction in self-care, productivity and leisure, as well as concentration. The data of 28clients (22♀, 6♂; mean age = 42.8 (±SD14.7) years) with mental disorders, that were collected before and after prescribed occupational therapeutic treatment, were analyzed. The outcomes were quantified using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the revision test, respectively. Significance of changes after the intervention was tested using the Wilcoxon-Signed Rank Test (p < 0.05). Effect sizes Cohen's dz and rwere determined to evaluate the meaningfulness of changes. The occupational performance as well as the satisfaction in the COPM improved significantly after the therapeutic intervention (p < 0.001; dz = 2.37, r = 0.77 and dz = 2.24, r = 0.75). Moreover, the clients improved significantly in the revision test after the therapeutic intervention (p < 0.001; dz = 0.65, r = 0.31). Clients with mental disorders seem to benefit meaningfully from the SELWA®-treatment by S.Thielen regarding occupational performance and satisfaction in self-care, productivity and leisure. Furthermore, amoderate improvement of concentration seems to occur after the therapeutic intervention.

Video-based versus educational booklet training on self-care performance of patients with cataract

Background and Objective: Training patients can increase their knowledge and skills in self-care performance after cataract surgery. The present study compared the effect of videobased training and educational booklet methods on the self-care performance of patients with cataracts. Methods and Material: In this interventional study,83eligible patients a day prior to their cataract surgery were enrolledin the study based on the convenient sampling method conducted in 2020.Then, the patients were allocated into a video-based training group (n= 40) and educational booklet (n=43) group by the permuted block random sampling method. The patients completed a researcher-made questionnaire one day before and one day after the intervention to be assessed for their knowledge and self-care performance after cataract surgery. Face as well as content validity (CVR = 0.99, CVI = 0.8) and reliability (0.839) of the data collection tool were confirmed. For statistical analysis, independent t-test and analysis of covariance were used, using SPSS16 software. Results and Discussion: Based on the results, video-based training and educational booklet had the same effect on increasing the level of knowledge among the patients. Also, the mean score of self-care performance was significantly higher in the videobased training compared to the booklet group after the intervention (P=0.014). Conclusion: Video-based training can significantly enhance patients’knowledge and self-care performance regarding cataract than training the patients via the educational booklet. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 601-609

Research of re-intergrating into community in schizophrenia patients in Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city in 2021-2022

Background: This study helps to study the possibility of community reintegration of schizophrenic patients in Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho city in 2021-2022 to draw conclusions and recommendations. Objective: To determine the good community reintegration rate to the community reintegration ability in schizophrenic patients in Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho city from 2021-2022.&#x0D; Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 177 schizophrenia patients are being managed in the National Target Program for Community Mental Health Protection in Ninh Kieu District in the period of 2021-2022. Results: 88 patients (49.72%) reintegrated into the community well. There was 68.36% of patients with good recovery in ability to take care of themselves.&#x0D; There was 68.36% of patients with good family care ability. Up to 70.06% of patients had a good recreation recovery. The majority of patients recovered the ability to participate in good social activities of 63.28%. There were 88 patients (49.72%) with good occupational rehabilitation. Conclusion: Effective treatment of psychosocial rehabilitation therapy also plays a very important role. That helps patients reintegrate into the community (49.72%), restore self-care function (68.36%), entertainment function (70.06%), social function (63.28%) and especially work function (49.72%).

Predictors of family caregiving burden of persons with schizophrenia with and without transition of primary caregivers from 1994 to 2015 in rural China.

Little is known about how sociodemographic and clinical factors affect the caregiving burden of persons with schizophrenia (PwSs) with transition in primary caregivers. This study aimed to examine the predictive effects of sociodemographic and clinical factors on the caregiving burden of PwSs with and without caregiver transition from 1994 to 2015 in rural China. Using panel data, 206 dyads of PwSs and their primary caregivers were investigated in both 1994 and 2015. The generalised linear model approach was used to examine the predictive effects of sociodemographic factors, severity of symptoms and changes in social functioning on the caregiving burden with and without caregiver transition. The percentages of families with and without caregiver transition were 38.8% and 61.2%, respectively. Among families without caregiver transition, a heavier burden was significantly related to a larger family size and more severe symptoms in PwSs. Deteriorated functioning of 'social activities outside the household' and improved functioning of 'activity in the household' were protective factors against a heavy caregiving burden. Among families with caregiver transition, younger age, improved marital functioning, deteriorated self-care functioning, and better functioning of 'social interest or concern' were significant risk factors for caregiving burden. The effects of sociodemographic and clinical correlates on the caregiving burden were different among families with and without caregiver transition. It is crucial to explore the caregiver arrangement of PwSs and the risk factors for burden over time, which will facilitate culture-specific family interventions, community-based mental health services and recovery.

Effectiveness of an Interventional Program on Patient's Performance About Self-Care After Craniotomy Surgery

Background: Craniotomy is a terrifying ordeal for patients and their families. The postoperative period is a patient's weakest and most vulnerable time. Despite teaching moments about postoperative directions, patients' concerns about daily living activities prior to and after discharge are the most common. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an interventional program on patient's performance about self-care after craniotomy surgery. To find out the association between the effectiveness an interventional program on patient's performance about self-care after craniotomy surgery and demographic data of patients. Subjects and methods: A pre-experimental design (one group pre-test/ post-test design) is applied has been done to obtain the study goals. Forty-four patients had craniotomy surgery selecting by non-probability sample (convenience) sampling. Their age ranged from (20-60 and more) years old, fully conscious after operation. One group that gives interventional program. Using a valid and reliable questionnaire, data was collected. Results: the study shows there is a statistical significance deference between pre and post-test for study at p &lt;0.05 which mean effectiveness of interventional programو this indicates to good improvement in total knowledge and practices of the patients about self-care performance after application of interventional program. Conclusion: At the post test, there was a high significant improvement in patients` knowledge and practices about self-care performance after application of the interventional program, this demonstrates the smoothness of the program that was designed for this purpose, as well as the ease with which it was accepted by all of the patients who took part. There is a statistical significant difference between demographics variables (age, gender, marital status, educational qualification and occupation) and effectiveness of interventional program among the two period (pre and post-test) for patient's knowledge and practices. Recommendation: Conducting specialized courses for medical and health staff concerned with the implementation of self-care programs after neurosurgery in neurosurgery wards. Keywords: Interventional Program, Self-Care Performance, Craniotomy Surgery.

Change in Self-Care Quality Measure for Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities: Exclusion Criteria and Risk-Adjustment Model

ObjectiveTo describe the exclusion criteria and risk-adjustment model developed for the quality measure Change in Self-Care. The exclusion criteria and risk adjustment model are used to calculate Change in Self-Care scores, allowing scores to be compared across inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs). DesignThis national cohort study examined admission demographic and clinical factors associated with IRF patients’ self-care change scores using standardized self-care data for Medicare patients discharged in calendar year 2017. SettingA total of 1129 IRFs in the United States. ParticipantsA total of 493,209 (N=493,209) Medicare Fee-for-Service and Medicare Advantage IRF patient stays InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresSelf-care change scores using admission and discharge standardized assessment data elements from the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility–Patient Assessment Instrument. ResultsApproximately 53% of patients were female, and 67% were between 65 and 84 years old. The final risk-adjustment model contained 93 clinically relevant risk adjusters and explained 23.1% of variance in self-care change scores. Risk adjusters that had the greatest effect on change scores and included IRF primary diagnosis group (ie, binary risk adjusters representing 13 diagnoses), prior self-care functioning, and age older than 90 years. When split by deciles of expected scores, the ratio of the average expected and observed change scores was within 2% of 1.0 across 8 groups and within 8% at the extremes, showing good predictive accuracy. ConclusionsThe risk adjustment model quantifies the relationship between IRF patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics and their self-care score changes. The exclusion criteria and model are used to risk-adjust the IRF Change in Self-Care quality measure.

The effect of an educational app on hemodialysis patients' self-efficacy and self-care: A quasi-experimental longitudinal study.

Adequate self-care and exploring ways to improve it is imperative for patients with hemodialysis in order to meet the challenges arising from hemodialysis. This study aimed to determine the effect of an educational app on patients with hemodialysis' self-efficacy and self-care. The present study is a quasi-experimental longitudinal single-group study, carried out from October 2020 to March 2021 with the participation of 60 Patients with hemodialysis. Simple random sampling was used to sample patients. The intervention included an educational application, and participants completed questionnaires on self-efficacy and self-care performance at four points including baseline and at one, three, and six-month intervals post- intervention. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used to examine the impact of the intervention. Bonferroni's posthoc test was also used for in-class calculation and comparison of changes over various periods. The results of this study showed that the self-care performance of patients at different times was statistically significant (P <0.001). Also, the results showed that the mean total score of self-efficacy in the second period compared to the first was significantly improved (P <0.001). But the trend of changes in the third period compared to the second and the fourth to the third was not significant (p = 0.1 and p = .82). Also, a significant change was observed in the fourth period compared to the first (p = .029). The study showed that education through a mobile app can result in significant improvements in these patients' self-care behaviors and self-efficacy over time. The educational intervention should be provided to patients with hemodialysis over a several-month period to allow for proper integration of the learning.

Using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory to Assess Self-Care Performance Among Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Caregiver rating scales often give an unclear picture of the actual self-care performance of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To assess self-care performance among preschool children with ASD using two standardized instruments. Cross-sectional study. Clinics, hospitals, and early intervention centers in Tainan, Taiwan. Sixty children with ASD (ages 48-71 mo). Outcomes and Measures: The Standard Version of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale-Second Edition, the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS), and the Chinese version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI-C). About 53.3% of children with ASD scored below 1.5 logits for AMPS motor skills and below 1 logit for AMPS process skills, indicating difficulties performing activities of daily living tasks. The average PEDI-C self-care normative standard scores were moderately low (between -1 and -2 SDs), indicating poor self-care performance. The correlations between the two measures were also low (rs = .27-.44). Overall, the results for 36 children were consistent with AMPS and PEDI-C scores; however, those for 24 children (40.0%) were discrepant. These findings have implications for how preschool children with ASD perform their self-care activities and suggest that more than half of preschool children with ASD have a need for occupational therapy interventions that target self-care skills. Occupational therapy practitioners can work with preschool children with ASD and their families to help them improve their self-care performance. What This Article Adds: Many children with ASD need occupational therapy interventions that target self-care skills. Both the AMPS and the PEDI-C provide valuable information from different perspectives on the self-care performance of preschool children with ASD.

Functional outcomes in children related to self-care, mobility, and social function after stroke in early childhood: a cohort study.

Stroke has been increasingly recognized as an important morbidity and mortality factor in neonates and children. Children have different and more diverse risk factors than adults, commonly related to an underlying disease. Stroke may compromise functional capacity in children. Few studies have focused on functional outcomes related to activities and participation. To investigate post-stroke functionality of children related to self-care, mobility, and social function. We assessed the functional outcome of 14 children younger than 7.5 years who suffered a stroke in early childhood through the use of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). The average age of the sample at assessment was 3.6 ± 1.4 years (2 - 6 years). The average scores in the PEDI functional domains of self-care, mobility, and social function were, respectively, 37.6 ± 15.4, 36.2 ± 15.4, and 48.7 ± 11.1. Children showed age-appropriate functional outcomes in the PEDI functional domains: 71.4% of them in self-care and mobility and 92.9% in social function. Children with bilateral injuries (p = 0.05) and longer hospital stays (r = -0.79, p = 0.001) showed the worst scores in ​​PEDI's social function domains. Overall, our sample of preschool children showed age-appropriate functional outcomes on self-care, mobility, and social function domains after stroke. However, children with bilateral injuries and longer hospital stays showed the worst scores in social function domains. We recommend focusing on functional rehabilitation to promote activities and participation and to monitor the development of children's social skills after stroke.

Effect of Self-Care Education using a QR-Code on Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Performance, and Education Satisfaction among Discharged Pneumothorax Patients

Effect of Self-Care Education using a QR-Code on Self-Efficacy, Self-Care Performance, and Education Satisfaction among Discharged Pneumothorax Patients

Critically appraised paper: A task-specific sit-to-stand training program for children with cerebral palsy improves mobility and self-care function [synopsis

Critically appraised paper: A task-specific sit-to-stand training program for children with cerebral palsy improves mobility and self-care function [synopsis

Critically appraised paper: A task-specific sit-to-stand training program for children with cerebral palsy improves mobility and self-care function [commentary

Critically appraised paper: A task-specific sit-to-stand training program for children with cerebral palsy improves mobility and self-care function [commentary

Selected Abstracts From the 2019 APSARD Annual Meeting

Objective: To assess the relationship between ADHD and performance of household chores. Method: A 72-question online questionnaire was developed to collect demographic/clinical information as well as parents’ assessment of their child’s performance of self-care (SC) and family-care (FC) chores. Results: The sample consists of 797 primary caregivers of children with ADHD. The overwhelming majority of parents believed that ADHD to some extent affected their child’s ability to independently and satisfactorily complete SC and FC chores. An inverse relationship was noted between parent ratings of a child’s ability to do chores independently and satisfactorily and the likelihood they believed ADHD affected chore performance. There was no difference in chore performance between children with or without co-morbid oppositional defiant disorder. Conclusion: Given that household routines, including chores, play an important role in children’s development and psychosocial adjustment, clinicians must be sensitive to the adverse impact that ADHD may have in this regard.

Health Literacy and Health Outcomes in Iranian Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Background and Objective: Health Literacy is the capacity of individuals to obtain, interpret, and understand health-related information for making an appropriate decision. The aim of this study was a systematically review the literature on the outcomes of literacy in Iranian adolescents. Materials and Methods: The search was done on scientific databases, using the keywords health literacy, health knowledge, teen, adolescent, high school, middle school and Iran in Persian and English, from 2010 until 2021 Jan. Study process was conducted from 10th of December to the end of December. Studies were considered with data about outcomes of literacy in Iranian adolescents. Results: Ten studies met inclusionary criteria. Two studies reported students with higher literacy had better health-promoting behaviours; moreover, two other studies reported students with higher literacy had better body mass index. One study reported better oral literacy conducted to lower oral problems; furthermore, one study showed that higher literacy leads to osteoporosis preventive behaviours. Results of one study indicated that higher literacy leads to more perceived self-efficacy and better self-care performance. One study showed better hair and skincare performance in students with higher literacy. Another study indicated that students with higher literacy had better attitude and behaviour toward breakfast consumption and the results of one study demonstrated that students with better literacy had better nutrition behaviours. In all studies, there were statistically significant linear correlations between literacy and its outcomes (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that adolescent's literacy seems associated with important outcomes then considering the importance of literacy in adolescents, designing and implementing educational intervention for promoting literacy is significantly important. As adolescents spend most of their daily time in schools, educational interventions should be school-based.

Physical Function Recovery Trajectories After Spinal Cord Injury

ObjectiveTo explore trajectories of functional recovery that occur during the first 2 years after spinal cord injury (SCI). DesignObservational cohort study. SettingEight SCI Model System sites. ParticipantsA total of 479 adults with SCI completed 4 Spinal Cord Injury–Functional Index (SCI-FI) item banks within 4 months of injury and again at 2 weeks, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after baseline assessment (N=479). InterventionNone. Main Outcome MeasuresSCI-FI Basic Mobility/Capacity (C), Fine Motor Function/C, Self-care/C, and Wheelchair Mobility/Assistive Technology (AT) item banks. ResultsGrowth mixture modeling was used to identify groups with similar trajectory patterns. For the Basic Mobility/C and Wheelchair Mobility/AT domains, models specifying 2 trajectory groups were selected. For both domains, a majority class exhibited average functional levels and gradual improvement, primarily in the first 6 months. A smaller group of individuals made gradual improvements but had greater initial functional limitations. The Self Care/C domain exhibited a similar pattern; however, a third, small class emerged that exhibited substantial improvement in the first 6 months. Finally, for individuals with tetraplegia, trajectories of Fine Motor Function/C scores followed 2 patterns, with individuals reporting generally low initial scores and then making either modest or large improvements. In individual growth curve models, injury/demographic factors predicted initial functional levels but less so regarding rates of recovery. ConclusionsTrajectories of functional recovery followed a small number of change patterns, although variation around these patterns emerged. During the first 2 years after initial hospitalization, SCI-FI scores showed modest improvements; however, substantial improvements were noted for a small number of individuals with severe limitations in fine motor and self-care function. Future studies should further explore the personal, medical, and environmental characteristics that influence functional trajectories during these first 2 years and beyond.

Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory to Improve Children's Self-Care: An Integrative Review.

Often school-age children are thought of as dependent on their parents and not necessarily involved in behaviors related to their own self-care. It is important to implement and advance self-care performance early in life to promote healthy lifestyles. This review examined the use of Orem's Self Care Deficit Nursing Theory in relation to children's self-care behaviors. This integrative review followed the Whittemore and Knafl guidelines. A systematic search was conducted using the nursing databases. The sixteen study articles were identified for the review, and five themes were identified. Children can develop skills and actively participate in maintaining health and wellbeing. Self-care programs based on Orem's theory are well suited to assist individuals including children to improve self-care skills that lead better self-care practices. Nurses guided by Orem's SCDNT will be well equipped to promote children's knowledge and self-care skills for maintaining health and preventing negative health outcomes.

The Role of Human-Centered Design in Insulin Pen Innovation and the Future of Insulin Delivery.

Insulin pens have made a dramatic impact on diabetes care, with evidence suggesting that they promote performance of self-care and reduce negative health outcomes for people with diabetes. Human-centered design (HCD), practiced by IDEO for over 40 years and together with Eli Lilly for over 15 years, has helped to design insulin pens that evolved with the needs of people with diabetes. HCD employs unique methods that help to uncover people's needs and design with them in mind. The future of diabetes care is bright with the ongoing application of HCD methodology in this space.

Mobility Deviations in Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Cross-Sectional Assessment Using Gait Analysis, Functional Performance, and Self-Report.

BackgroundLittle is known about how human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects walking biomechanics, or about associations between HIV-related gait deviations, functional performance, and self-reported outcomes. This paper reports on (1) gait biomechanics and variability in people with HIV (PWH) and (2) associations with clinical tests, self-reported function, and falls.MethodsA cross-sectional study tested consecutively sampled PWH (n = 50) and HIV-seronegative participants ([SNP] n = 50). Participants underwent 3-dimensional gait analysis, performed clinical tests (short walk and single leg stance tests with and without dual tasking, chair-rise tests, and a physical performance battery), and completed questionnaires about function and falls. Between-group comparisons were done using analysis of covariance. Linear correlations between gait variability, clinical tests, and patient-reported outcomes were established.ResultsPeople with HIV and SNP had comparable median ages (PWH = 36.6, interquartile range [IQR] = 32.0–45.6]; SNP = 31.1, IQR = 23.2–45.1). Compared with SNP, PWH walked slower (adjusted mean difference [MD] = −0.2 meters per second [m/s], 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.3 to −0.1) with greater variability (adjusted MD = 14.7 variability score points, 95% CI = 9.9–19.5). Moreover, PWH were slower in five-times sit-to-stand (5STS) performance (adjusted MD = 1.9 seconds, 95% CI = 1.00–2.9). Significant deviations in hip kinematics (increased flexion; adjusted MDs = 2.4°–2.8°, P = .012–.016) and knee kinematics (reduced flexion; adjusted MDs = 2.3°–3.7°, P = .007–.027) were found in PWH during dual-task (DT) walking. The PWH’s 5STS moderately correlated with larger gait variability (usual pace r = −0.5; dual task r = −0.6), poorer self-reported mobility (r = 0.4) and self-care function (r = 0.5), and fear of falling (P = .003).ConclusionsPeople with HIV presented with biomechanical deviations suggestive of a slowed and variable gait, especially under cognitive challenges. Five-times STS may be useful to screen for gait deviations in PWH.

Knowledge and self-care of nurses at the emergency and intensive care wards of Shohada-ye Ashayer Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran, in prevention from coronavirus disease 2019, 2020

Background: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has endangered the health of all people. Healthcare workers, especially nurses working in emergency and intensive care wards, are always at the forefront of the fight against such infectious diseases. This study aimed to determine the level of awareness and self-care of staff working in emergency and intensive care wards in prevention from COVID-19 in Shohada-ye Ashayer Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 162 nurses in Shohada-ye Ashayer Hospital. The samples were selected the census sampling method and completed a designed online questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed and interpreted in SPSS software (version 23). Results: The mean age of participants was obtained at 32.28±5.12 years, and 87% of the subjects were women. The mean scores of knowledge and self-care among the subjects were estimated at 21.5±2.6 and 36.1±4.1, respectively. It was also revealed that 87.9% of the participants had good knowledge regarding the prevention from COVID-19 and 85.2% of the cases had good performance in self-care of COVID-19. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the staff working at the emergency and intensive care wards of Shohada-ye Ashayer Hospital had a good level of awareness and self-care in prevention from COVID-19. However, in some cases, more training is needed to better perform COVID-19 prevention.

OT in Acute Care: Predictors of Occupational Competence and Hospital Readmissions

Abstract Date Presented 04/6/21 This study explores predictors of occupational competence and hospital readmission for clients with chronic conditions in acute care. Self-care function (β = 0.43, p = .01) and environmental impact (β = –.38, p = .01) significantly predict occupational competence. Functional cognition (OR = 2.19, p = .04) and occupational competence (OR = 0.81, p = .02) significantly predict hospital readmission. OTs should consider standardized measures of these predictors to facilitate successful discharge home. Primary Author and Speaker: Melanie Tkach Additional Authors and Speakers: John R. Patro, Emily Gavin