Rate Capability Performance Research Articles

Interface ion-exchange strategy of MXene@FeIn2S4 hetero-structure for super sodium ion half/full batteries

Herein, a well-designed hierarchical architecture of bimetallic transition sulfide FeIn2S4 nanoparticles anchoring on the Ti3C2 MXene flakes has been prepared by cation exchange and subsequent high-temperature sulfidation processes. The introduction of MXene substrate with excellent conductivity not only accelerates the migration rate of Na+ to achieve fast reaction dynamics but provides abundant deposition sites for the FeIn2S4 nanoparticles. In addition, this hierarchical structure of MXene@FeIn2S4 can effectively restrain the accumulation of MXene to guarantee the maximized exposure of redox active sites into the electrolyte, and simultaneously relieve the volume expansion in the repeated discharging/charging processes. The MXene@FeIn2S4 displays outstanding rate capability (448.2 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1) and stable long cycling performance (428.1 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 200 cycles). Moreover, the Nay-In6S7 phase detected by ex-situ XRD and XPS characterization may be regarded as a “buffer” to maintain the stability of the Fe-based components and enhance the reversibility of the electrochemical reaction. This work confirms the practicability of constructing the hierarchical structure bimetallic sulfides with the promising electrochemical performance.

Strongly bonded CFx@S composite assisting the long-cycle stability of Li-S battery

Lithium‑sulfur battery (LSB) has drawn extensive concentration for its high energy density. Nevertheless, the “shuttle effect” of polysulfides leads to inferior sulfur utilization and short service life. Herein, CFx@S composites with a strongly bonded interface of S and CFx have been prepared by a simple solvent evaporation method. The research shows that CFx in the composites will be preferentially discharged to form F-doped carbon (F@C) conductive network and LiF, which improve the electronic and ionic conductivities of electrodes, separately. Numerous polar sites on F@C cooperate with the polar LiF to adsorb polysulfides effectively and then inhibit the “shuttle effect”. The robust F@C conductive network and the SEI film enhanced by LiF can work together to relieve the volumetric dilatation of S in the charge/discharge cycles. Profiting by the above-mentioned merits, even the as-prepared 10-CFx@S composite loads a sulfur content as high as 87.6 %, it manifests an excellent rate capability and stable cycling performance. Under a high current of 1600 mAh g−1, 10-CFx@S delivered a high capacity of 573 mAh g−1 in the initial discharge, and it remained as 334 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles with an average capacity decay of 0.052 % per cycle. This research supplies an easy and feasible approach to promote the performances of LSB.

Fundamental investigations on the ionic transport and thermodynamic properties of non-aqueous potassium-ion electrolytes

Non-aqueous potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) represent a promising complementary technology to lithium-ion batteries due to the availability and low cost of potassium. Moreover, the lower charge density of K+ compared to Li+ favours the ion-transport properties in liquid electrolyte solutions, thus, making KIBs potentially capable of improved rate capability and low-temperature performance. However, a comprehensive study of the ionic transport and thermodynamic properties of non-aqueous K-ion electrolyte solutions is not available. Here we report the full characterisation of the ionic transport and thermodynamic properties of a model non-aqueous K-ion electrolyte solution system comprising potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) salt and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) solvent and compare it with its Li-ion equivalent (i.e., LiFSI:DME), over the concentration range 0.25–2 molal. Using tailored K metal electrodes, we demonstrate that KFSI:DME electrolyte solutions show higher salt diffusion coefficients and cation transference numbers than LiFSI:DME solutions. Finally, via Doyle-Fuller-Newman (DFN) simulations, we investigate the K-ion and Li-ion storage properties for K∣∣graphite and Li∣∣graphite cells.

Electrospun Sandwich-like Structure of PVDF-HFP/Cellulose/PVDF-HFP Membrane for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Cellulose membranes have eco-friendly, renewable, and cost-effective features, but they lack satisfactory cycle stability as a sustainable separator for batteries. In this study, a two-step method was employed to prepare a sandwich-like composite membrane of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/cellulose/ PVDF-HFP (PCP). The method involved first dissolving and regenerating a cellulose membrane and then electrospinning PVDF-HFP on its surface. The resulting PCP composite membrane exhibits excellent properties such as high porosity (60.71%), good tensile strength (4.8 MPa), and thermal stability up to 160 °C. It also has exceptional electrolyte uptake properties (710.81 wt.%), low interfacial resistance (241.39 Ω), and high ionic conductivity (0.73 mS/cm) compared to commercial polypropylene (PP) separators (1121.4 Ω and 0.26 mS/cm). Additionally, the rate capability (163.2 mAh/g) and cycling performance (98.11% after 100 cycles at 0.5 C) of the PCP composite membrane are superior to those of PP separators. These results demonstrate that the PCP composite membrane has potential as a promising separator for high-powered, secure lithium-ion batteries.

Synergistically boosting reaction kinetics and suppressing polyselenide shuttle effect by Ti3C2Tx/Sb2Se3 film anode in high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3), with rich resources and high electrochemical activity, including in conversion and alloying reactions, has been regarded as an ideal candidate anode material for sodium-ion batteries. However, the severe volume expansion, sluggish kinetics, and polyselenide shuttle of the Sb2Se3-based anode lead to serious pulverization at high current density, restricting its industrialization. Herein, a unique structure of Sb2Se3 nanowires uniformly anchored between Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheets was prepared by the electrostatic self-assembly method. The MXene can impede the volume expansion of Sb2Se3 nanowires in the sodiation process. Moreover, the Sb2Se3 nanowires can reduce the restacking of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and enhance electrolyte accessibility. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations confirm the increased reaction kinetics and better sodium storage capability through the composite of Ti3C2Tx with Sb2Se3 and the high adsorption capability of Ti3C2Tx to polyselenides. Therefore, the resultant Sb2Se3/Ti3C2Tx anodes show high rate capability (369.4 mAh/g at 5 A/g) and cycling performance (568.9 and 304.1 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 100 cycles and at 1.0 A/g after 500 cycles). More importantly, the full sodium-ion batteries using the Sb2Se3/Ti3C2Tx anode and Na3V2(PO4)3/carbon cathode exhibit high energy/power densities and outstanding cycle performance.

Novel NASICON-typed porous Ni1.5V2(PO4)3/C and Mn1.5V2(PO4)3/C as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries: Crystal structure and electrochemical lithiation/delithiation reaction mechanism

Novel porous NaSICon-typed phosphate materials Ni1.5V2(PO4)3/C (NVP/C) and Mn1.5V2(PO4)3/C (MVP/C) are introduced as anode materials for Li-ion batteries. The materials were prepared via sol-gel method with annealing under argon flow. The structural, morphological, and electrochemical investigations of the materials as anodes for Li-ion batteries were conducted. The samples crystallized in a distorted triclinic system with a P1¯ space group. The two synthesized anode materials exhibited a conversion mechanism, displaying reversible initial charge capacities of 495 mAh.g−1 and 550 mAh.g−1 at 0.2C rate for NVP/C and MVP/C, respectively. Both materials showed better cycling stability at high rates and good rate capability performances with high coulombic efficiencies. For long term cycling, the materials can maintain a good reversible capacity for 1000 cycles, although a continuous decrease was noticed during the first cycles. The structural changes and the SEI growth impacting the electrochemical performances of the materials were evidenced via in operando XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, leading to the understanding of the lithiation/delithiation reaction mechanism involved in the studied phosphates.

Ni-doped α-MnO2 nanosheets coupled carbontubes for highly efficient Na+ ions capacity storage

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) has been broadly investigated as electrode material candidate for supercapacitors due to its high theoretical capacity and environmental protection. However, MnO2 also suffer from poor electrical conductivity. Herein, nickel-doped MnO2 coupled carbontubes (Ni-MnO2@CTs) material is prepared by one-step hydrothermal method and carbonization processes. Compared with undoped MnO2, Ni-doped MnO2 can improve the electrical conductivity and expand the voltage window of supercapacitors. This is because Ni doping can introduce additional charge states and regulate the reaction kinetics, changing the energy storage mechanism of the material. Additionally, the carbontubes substrate can enhance both the electrical conductivity and surface area of the material. Based on these advantages, Ni-MnO2@CTs can extend the voltage window of the positive to 0–1 V with high specific capacitance of 366 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. To explore the practical application of the materials, the asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated with Ni-MnO2@CTs positive and Fe3O4/CTs negative (Ni-MnO2@CTs//Fe3O4/CTs) in a wide voltage window of 2 V. The supercapacitor displays excellent rate capability and cycle performance, while also possessing a high energy density of 44.5 Wh kg−1. These results suggest that the materials utilized in this study have the potential to be used in the development of wide-voltage aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors, which can further enhance their energy density.

Boosting the performance of LiNi0.90Co0.06Mn0.04O2 electrode by uniform Li3PO4 coating via atomic layer deposition

Ultra-high nickel material is considered to be a promising cathode material. However, with the increase of nickel content, the interfacial side reactions between the cathode and electrolyte become increasingly serious. Herein, an atomically controllable ionic conductor Li3PO4 (LPO) coating is deposited on the LiNi0.90Co0.06Mn0.04O2 (NCM9064) based electrode by the atomic layer deposition method. The results shows that the LPO coating is uniformly and densely covered on the surface of secondary particles of NCM9064, helping to prevent the direct contact between the electrolyte and cathode during the charging-discharging process. In addition, the coating layer is electrochemically stable. As a result, the interfacial side reactions during the long cycle are effectively suppressed, and the solid electrolyte interphase layer at the interface is stabilized. The electrode with 20 layers of LPO deposition (ALD-LPO-20) exhibits an excellent capacity retention of 81% after 200 cycles in 2.8-4.3 V at 25 °C, which is 18% higher than the unmodified material (ALD-LPO-0). Besides, the moderate LPO coating improves the rate capability and high temperature cycling performance of NCM9064. This study provides a method for the modification of ultra-high nickel cathode materials and corresponding electrodes.

Interfacial Coupling‐Induced Pseudocapacitance in LiFePO4@Polypyrrole Heterostructures Toward High‐Rate Lithium Storage

The olivine‐structured LiFePO4 (LFP) materials are widely used as commercial cathodes due to its high thermal/chemical stability, long cycle life, low price, etc. However, the poor high‐rate performance severely hinders its high‐power applications due to intrinsically diffusion‐controlled lithium storage. Herein, an interfacial coupling‐induced pseudocapacitance (ICIPC) strategy to realize high‐rate capacity lithium storage of LiFePO4@ polypyrrole (LFP@PPY) is provided. The strong interfacial coupling interaction between LFP and polypyrrole (PPY) promotes interfacial pseudocapacitance as a major Li+ storage mechanism during the charge/discharge process at high rates. The dynamic combination of interfacial and diffusion lithium storage of electrodes can enhance reaction kinetics, the rate capability and cyclic performance. In addition, the nanoscale PPY coating layer effectively improves the surface conductivity of the LFP particles and the charge transfer kinetics of electrochemical reactions. Therefore, the LFP@PPY cathode exhibits remarkable rate capability with a capacity of 105 mAh g−1at 10 A g−1 and 84 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 and excellent cyclic stability performance with the initial capacity of 106.7 mAh g−1 at 10 C (91.2 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles). The ICIPC strategy may be extended to other cathodes (LiCoO2, etc.) to improve the high‐rate performance.

Improving electrochemical properties of Li4Ti5O12/TiO2 diphase anode materials via Co-Cl co-doping

The rapid development of highly durable electric vehicles has put forward higher requirements for lithium-ion batteries. Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is widely studied owing to its long service life and safety. However, owing to their low electrical conductivity and diffusion, lithium ions have limited practical applications. In this study, Co-Cl co-doped LTO/TiO2 diphase (LTOT) nanosheets were prepared via the hydrothermal method. The synergistic effect of Co-Cl co-doping reduced the charge-transfer resistance of LTOT and increased the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient, thereby improving the dynamic behavior of the electrode material, which further enhances the rate capability and cycle performance of LTOT. The optimized LTOT:Co-Cl composite exhibited excellent cycle performance and rate capability (the ninth cycle reversible capacities were 253.8, 222.2, 200.1, 185.7, 169.9, 161.3, and 146.3 mAh·g−1 at the current density of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 C (1 C = 175 mA·g−1) rate, respectively). In addition, LTOT:Co-Cl maintained a capacity of 120 mAh·g−1 after 5000 cycles at 50 C with a retention rate of 83 %, indicating that the average decay rate per cycle is only 0.003 % during the long charge/discharge process.

Li3BO3-Li3PO4 Composites for Efficient Buffer Layer of Sulphide-Based All-Solid-State Batteries

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) based on sulphide electrolytes are promising next-generation energy storage systems because they are expected to have improved safety, increased volumetric energy density, and a wide operating temperature range. However, side reactions at the cathode/electrolyte interface deteriorate the electrochemical performance and limit the commercialization of ASSBs. Surface coating of the cathode is an efficient approach for overcoming this issue. In this study, new Li3BO3 (LBO)-Li3PO4 (LPO) composites were applied as coating materials for high-Ni cathodes (NCM). PO4-based materials (such as LPO) have been used as coating layers because of their good chemical stability in sulphide electrolytes. However, the ionic conductivity of LPO is slightly insufficient compared to those of generally used ternary oxides. The addition of LBO could compensate for the low ionic conductivity of LPO and may provide better protection against sulphide electrolytes owing to the effect of LBO, which has been used as a good coating material. As expected, the LBO-LPO composites (LBPO) NCM exhibited superior discharge capacity, rate capability, and cyclic performance compared to the pristine and LPO-coated NCMs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses confirmed that the LBPO coating on the cathodes successfully suppressed the byproduct formation and an undesirable interfacial layer, which are attributed to interfacial side reactions. This result clearly shows the potential of the LBPO coating as an excellent buffer layer to stabilise the oxide cathode/sulphide electrolyte interface.

Surface protection of NMC811 cathode material via ZnSnO3 perovskite film for enhanced electrochemical performance in rechargeable Li-ion batteries

In order to achieve the maximum utilization of Ni-rich cathode materials in the next generation Li-ion batteries, a new perovskite-type ZnSnO3 (ZTO) film was prepared on the surface of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 particles via an in-situ co-precipitation method at a low annealing temperature. The changes in the crystallographic and functional properties were investigated via XRD and FTIR instruments. The formation of the core-shell structure was confirmed through surface inspection techniques such as FESEM/EDS and XPS. Fitting of O 1s spectra revealed more oxygen vacancies on the surface of ZTO@NMC811 than pristine NMC811 sample. The electrochemical cycling tests revealed that ZnSnO3-coated NMC811 delivered the highest charge and discharge capacities of about 223 and 202 mAhg−1 after first cycle. Furthermore, the surface modified NMC811 showed higher rate capability performance, maintaining about 73% of its initial capacity after re-cycling at 0.1C between cycle no. 25 and 30. The enhanced electronic and ionic conduction after ZnSnO3 film coating was certified by the significant decrease in Ohmic (Rs) and charge transfer (Rct) resistances before and after cycling. The improved cyclability and reversibility could be attributed to the protective role of the ZnSnO3 layer in preserving the layered crystal structure by suppressing side reactions between the active materials and electrolyte.

High-Performance Zn-I2 Batteries Enabled by a Metal-Free Defect-Rich Carbon Cathode Catalyst.

Aqueous iodine-zinc (Zn-I2) batteries based on I2 conversion reaction are one of the promising energy storage devices due to their high safety, low-cost zinc metal anode, and abundant I2 sources. However, the performance of Zn-I2 batteries is limited by the sluggish I2 conversion reaction kinetics, leading to poor rate capability and cycle performance. Herein, we develop a defect-rich carbon as a high-performance cathode catalyst for I2 loading and conversion, which exhibits excellent iodine reduction reaction (IRR) activity with a high reduction potential of 1.248 V (vs Zn/Zn2+) and a high peak current density of 20.74 mA cm-2, superior to a nitrogen-doped carbon. The I2-loaded defect-rich carbon (DG1100/I2) cathode achieves a large specific capacity of 261.4 mA h g-1 at 1.0 A g-1, a high rate capability of 131.9 mA h g-1 at 10 A g-1, and long-term stability with a high retention of 88.1% over 3500 cycles. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the carbon seven-membered ring (C7) defect site possesses the lowest adsorption energies for iodine species among several defect sites, which contributes to the high catalytic activity for IRR and the corresponding electrochemical performance of Zn-I2 batteries. This work offers a defect engineering strategy for boosting the performance of Zn-I2 batteries.

Stacking and freestanding borophene for lithium-ion battery application

The growth of artificial synthesis two-dimensional (2D) materials usually demands for suitable substrate due to their rare bulk allotropies. Borophene, as a typical artificial synthetic material, has been proved its substrate-growth on metal or nonmetals and its high theoretical specific capacity (1720 mAh g−1) for next-genatration electrode material, but structural instability and transfer difficulties have hindered the development of its applications. Here, a structurally stable and freestanding AA-stacked-α′-4H-borophene sheets have been synthesized by in situ lithium eutectic salt-assisted synthetic method to realize the application of borophene in lithium-ion battery. The atomic structure of AA-α′-4H-borophene with interlayer VdWs was established by comparing the experimental observation with DFT optimal calculation. Different stacking configurations (AA- and AB-) of borophene was realized by a temperature-structure-photoluminescence intensity relationship, and the AA-stacked borophene exhibits higher specific capacity than AB structure. Based on electrochemical performance, the AA-borophene exhibits excellent rate capability and cycling performance due to its non-collapsible stacking configurations, which dominates great initial coulombic efficiency of 87.3% at 200 mA g−1 superior to that of black phosphorus-based and borophene/graphene. Meanwhile, it still maintains the coulombic efficiency of 99.13% after 1000 cycles. It also shows a reversible capacity of 181 mAh g−1 at 10 mA g−1 between the voltage window of 0.01 and 2 V, which improves the reported capacity (43 mAh g−1) of bulk boron anode by over 430%. This work brings fantastic new view of fabricating stable, stacking and freestanding borophene and provides a significative idea on applications of borophene in energy storage domain.

Multilayer design of core–shell nanostructure to protect and accelerate sulfur conversion reaction

Although a core–shell design has been suggested to maximize reversible redox reaction of conversion–type electrode materials inside a shell, it is challenging to fulfill the complicated prerequisites collectively. This paper proposes a rational core–shell design composed of single–atom catalytic and protective multilayers for sulfur conversion reaction. A hydrogen bond–based supramolecular network incorporates Fe ions by metal–phenolic coordination, accelerating sluggish kinetics. The polypyrrole layer protects the entire structure to suppress the migration of polysulfides and withstand large volume changes. Comprehensive investigation demonstrates that core–shell sulfur nanostructures preserve the structural integrity and electrocatalytic effect during discharge/charge. The resulting electrodes enable outstanding rate capability and stable cycling performance. Furthermore, the areal capacity of higher sulfur loading cells surpasses current Li–ion batteries even at 1 C. This work reactivates the core–shell strategy as a design guideline for viable next–generation electrode materials.

Exploring the experimental study and density functional theory calculations of symmetric and asymmetric chalcogen atoms interacted molybdenum dichalcogenides for lithium-ion batteries

Two-dimensional asymmetric chalcogen atoms attached to Janus nanoparticles have fascinated research attention owing to their distinctive properties and characteristics for various applications. This paper proposed a facile synthesis to produce efficient molybdenum-based symmetric and asymmetric chalcogens bounded by XMoX and TeMoX nanostructures. Subsequently, the fabricated XMoX and TeMoX nanostructures were employed as anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Assembled LIBs using TeMoS and TeMoSe Janus anodes achieved 2610 and 2073 mAh g–1 reversible capacity at 0.1 A g–1, respectively for the half-cell configuration, which is outstanding performance compared with previous reports. Superior rate capability performances at 0.1–20 A g–1 and exceptional cycling solidity confirmed high charge and discharge capacities for TeMoX Janus lithium-ion battery anodes. In addition, the full cell device with TeMoS//LiCoO2 configuration explored the discharge capacity of 1605 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g–1 which suggests their excellent electrochemical characteristics. The density functional theory approximations established the significance of assembled symmetric and asymmetric chalcogen atoms interacted with XMoX and TeMoX anode materials for LIBs. Thus, the present investigation supports a new approach to creating two-dimensional materials based on asymmetric chalcogen atoms with core metal to effectively increase desirable energy storage characteristics.

Facile synthesis of spinel nickel–manganese cobaltite nanoparticles with high rate capability and excellent cycling performance for supercapacitor electrodes

Facile synthesis of spinel nickel–manganese cobaltite nanoparticles with high rate capability and excellent cycling performance for supercapacitor electrodes

Facile and effective defect engineering strategy boosting ammonium vanadate nanoribbon for high performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Vanadium-based oxides have gained widespread attention as promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their abundant valences, high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, the intrinsic sluggish kinetics and unsatisfactory conductivity have severely hampered their further development. Herein, a facile and effective defect engineering strategy was developed at room temperature to prepare the defective (NH4)2V10O25·8H2O (d-NHVO) nanoribbon with plenty of oxygen vacancies. Owing to the introduction of oxygen vacancies, the d-NHVO nanoribbon possessed more active sites, excellent electronic conductivity and fast ion diffusion kinetics. Benefiting from these advantages, the d-NHVO nanoribbon as an aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode material exhibited superior specific capacity (512 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1), excellent rate capability and long-term cycle performance. Simultaneously, the storage mechanism of the d-NHVO nanoribbon was clarified via comprehensive characterizations. Furthermore, the pouch battery based on the d-NHVO nanoribbon was fabricated and presented eminent flexibility and feasibility. This work provides a novel thought for simple and efficient development of high- performance vanadium-based oxides cathode materials for AZIBs.

LiNO3-Assisted Succinonitrile-Based Solid-State Electrolyte for Long Cycle Life toward a Li-Metal Anode via an In Situ Thermal Polymerization Method.

Succinonitrile (SN)-based electrolytes have a great potential for the practical application of all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries (ASSLMBs) due to their high room-temperature ionic conductivity, broad electrochemical window, and favorable thermal stability. Nevertheless, the poor mechanical strength and low stability toward Li metal hinder the further application of SN-based electrolytes to ASSLMBs. In this work, the LiNO3-assisted SN-based electrolytes are synthesized via an in situ thermal polymerization method. With this method, the mechanical problem is negligible, and the stability of the electrolyte enhances tremendously toward Li metal due to the addition of LiNO3. The LiNO3-assisted electrolytes exhibit a high ionic conductivity of 1.4 mS cm-1 at 25 °C, a wide electrochemical window (0-4.5 V vs Li+/Li), and excellent interfacial compatibility with Li (stable for over 2000 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-1). The LiFePO4/Li cells with the LiNO3-assisted electrolytes present significantly enhanced rate capability and cycling performance compared to the control group. NCM622/Li batteries also exhibit good cycling and rate performances with a voltage range of 3.0 to 4.4 V. Furthermore, ex situ SEM and XPS are employed. A compact interface is observed on Li anode after cycling, and the polymerization of SN is found to be suppressed. This paper will promote the development of practical application of SN-based ASSLMBs.

Carbon Foam-Supported VS2 Cathode for High-Performance Flexible Self-Healing Quasi-Solid-State Zinc-Ion Batteries.

As the new generation of energy storage systems, the flexible battery can effectively broaden the application area and scope of energy storage devices. Flexibility and energy density are the two core evaluation parameters for the flexible battery. In this work, a flexible VS2 material (VS2 @CF) is fabricated by growing the VS2 nanosheet arrays on carbon foam (CF) using a simple hydrothermal method. Benefiting from the high electric conductivity and 3D foam structure, VS2 @CF shows an excellent rate capability (172.8mAh g-1 at 5 A g-1 ) and cycling performance (130.2mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 after 1000 cycles) when it served as cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. More importantly, the quasi-solid-state battery VS2 @CF//Zn@CF assembled by the VS2 @CF cathode, CF-supported Zn anode, and a self-healing gel electrolyte also exhibits excellent rate capability (261.5 and 149.8 mAh g-1 at 0.2 and 5 A g-1 , respectively) and cycle performance with a capacity of 126.6 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 1 A g-1 . Moreover, the VS2 @CF//Zn@CF full cell also shows good flexible and self-healing properties, which can be charged and discharged normally under different bending angles and after being destroyed and then self-healing.