Performance In Pakistan Research Articles

Exploring the Role of Digital Leadership on Side Hustle Thriving and Performance in Pakistan: A Perspective of Human Resource Analytics

Exploring the Role of Digital Leadership on Side Hustle Thriving and Performance in Pakistan: A Perspective of Human Resource Analytics

Federal Issues in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects (2013-2023)

Pakistan is a federal republic with a complex system of government. The federal government shares power with the provincial governments, but the distribution of power between the two levels of government has been a contentious issue since the country's independence. This paper examines the major federal issues in Pakistan from 2013 to 2023, including the impact of political instability and polarization, economic challenges and opportunities, and the rise of extremism and intolerance of diversity and dissent. This article aims to explore and analyze these issues from a multidisciplinary perspective, using the secondary sources of data. The article argues that Pakistan’s federal system has been under strain due to various internal and external factors, such as corruption, nepotism, civil-military relations, ethnic conflicts, terrorism, regional rivalries, and global pressures. The article suggests some possible solutions and recommendations for improving the federal governance and performance of Pakistan, such as constitutional reforms, fiscal decentralization, institutional strengthening, social inclusion, and dialogue. The article concludes that Pakistan’s federal system has the potential to overcome its challenges and achieve its prospects, if there is a genuine commitment and cooperation among all stakeholders.

Green human resource management practices and organizational sustainability performance in Pakistan's healthcare sector

The 21st century has witnessed a rapid surge in industrial pollution, accompanied by the depletion of natural resources, prompting a collective call to action. As a result, the greening of corporations and ecological sustainability has emerged as a matter of paramount importance for decision-makers worldwide. This study, thereby, aims to examine the implementation of environmentally responsible (Green) human resource management practices in the health sector and their influence on organizational sustainability performance. Methodologically, a descriptive approach was employed, utilizing a questionnaire survey to collect data from 250 healthcare employees within Pakistan's healthcare sector. The study's statistical outcomes indicate that green hiring positively influences economic performance but not social and environmental performance. However, green training, involvement, performance management, and compensation are all positively related to organizational sustainability performance, encompassing social, economic, and environmental aspects in Pakistan’s healthcare sector. By summing up, this study concludes the significance of customizing green HR practices for enhancing sustainability performance in the healthcare sector. It underscores the crucial role played by green human resource management practices and their impact on organizational sustainability performance in a developing country context, specifically in Pakistan.

Exploring the Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance in Pakistan's Corporate Sector

This study explores the impact of organizational culture, specifically leadership style and communication patterns, on employee performance in Pakistan's corporate sector., The primary problem addressed is the identification of how these specific cultural factors influence employee effectiveness and productivity in a unique emerging market context., Methodologically, the study employed a structured questionnaire survey, targeting a diverse group of employees across various levels in the corporate sector of Pakistan., The survey aimed to gather insights into the perceptions of employees regarding their organizational culture and its influence on their performance., Results indicated that a positive leadership style is significantly associated with higher employee performance, with a path coefficient of 0.5012 and a t-value of 19.8950., Additionally, effective communication patterns within an organization were found to be positively related to employee performance, demonstrated by a path coefficient of 0.5121 and a t-value of 19.3776.The implications of these findings are profound., For leadership style, it suggests the need for organizational leaders in Pakistan to adopt more positive and employee-centric approaches to drive performance., In terms of communication, the results advocate for the implementation of clear and effective communication channels within organizations to enhance employee productivity., The study contributes significantly to the understanding of organizational culture's impact on employee performance in the context of Pakistan's corporate sector., It adds a unique perspective by examining these relationships in a non-Western context, thus enriching the global discourse on organizational culture and performance., For policy implications, this research offers valuable insights for organizational leaders and policymakers., The findings highlight critical areas of focus for leadership development and communication enhancement strategies, aimed at boosting employee performance and, consequently, organizational success in emerging markets., This study serves as a benchmark for similar interventions in corporate sectors across other emerging economies.

Green Innovation and Financial Performance: Bridging the Profitability-Sustainability Gap

In the current era of a knowledge-based green economy, green innovation has emerged as an important driver for firms to improve their financial performance. Recent studies have emphasized the significance of green innovation in addressing environmental degradation and enhancing financial performance. Few studies have been conducted about green innovation and its effects within the context of Pakistan. This study seeks to examine the impact of green innovation on the financial performance of publicly listed firms on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The study utilized a dataset comprising 2702 observations from 351 listed companies from 2013 to 2021. The data was analyzed using weighted least square regression analysis. The study's empirical research indicates that Green Innovation has a statistically modest yet positive effect on Financial Performance in Pakistan. The research indicates that Green Innovation is significant for Financial Performance in developing countries like Pakistan. The study's findings and policy recommendations are significant for managers of various companies listed at PSX and policymakers. They can help in addressing environmental degradation and promoting sustainable development by implementing green innovation practices.

Impact of lean manufacturing practices on the performance of manufacturing industries

In this paper, we aim to check the impact of lean manufacturing practices on the performance of the manufacturing industry in Pakistan. The three practices involve customer involvement, supplier involvement, and 5s and their effect on the industry's performance. For this purpose, we used a random sampling technique with a sample of 20 questions, a question-based questionnaire designed under the supervision of expert supply chain specialists from different manufacturing industries and authentic research journals. The key finding of this research paper is that we have seen the positive significance of lean practice on the performance of Pakistan's manufacturing industry.

Evaluating the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employee Engagement and Performance in Pakistan

This study addresses the pressing issue of how Artificial Intelligence (AI) impacts employee performance in the unique context of Pakistan. With the global integration of AI technologies rapidly reshaping workplaces, understanding its implications on employees becomes imperative. Grounded in the Social Cognitive Theory, this research investigates the complex relationships between AI integration, employee training, AI awareness, and employee performance. Employing quantitative methods and survey data, the study uncovers significant positive associations between these factors and employee performance. These findings underscore the importance of holistic AI adoption strategies that encompass employee development. This study carries vital implications for policymakers, business leaders, and practitioners navigating the evolving AI landscape, offering insights into optimizing workforce performance.

Do Powerful CEOs Benefit Firm Performance in Pakistan?

Manuscript type: Research paper Research aims: This study examines the impact of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power dimensions on firm performance. Design/Methodology/Approach: A panel data of 110 Pakistani firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period of 12 years (2008- 2019) was analysed using the GMM approach. Research findings: The GMM regression results revealed significant relationships. The analysis suggests that CEOs with considerable structural, ownership, prestige, and expert power tend to exhibit superior performance, as these factors are positively correlated with firm performance. Conversely, CEO family power appears to have no discernible impact on firm performance. Importantly, the robustness of our findings underscores the consistent nature of these relationships. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature by demonstrating the positive influence of CEO power on firm performance, which aligns with the theoretical framework of the Approach/Inhibition theory of power. The originality of this research stems from its examination of individual dimensions of CEO power and their impact on firm performance, as well as the inclusion of the additional dimension of family power. Practitioner/Policy implication: The insight from this study suggests that powerful CEO leadership is beneficial for firm performance and the concentration of power at the CEO position should be seen positively rather than the negative perspective provided by agency theory.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING STYLES AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PAKISTANI STUDENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW

There is ample research on the role of parenting in the academic performance of students that highlights parenting styles and their importance. While this research is extensively done in the Western world, research in the cultural context of South Asia and particularly Pakistan is lacking. Therefore, this review was done to analyse the existing research on the two variables in Pakistan and to provide guidance for future research. The review included studies that were previously conducted on parenting styles and academic performance of students from elementary to postgraduate level. The focus was to analyse relevant data exclusively from Pakistan. For this purpose, 17 studies from the past ten years were selected. Articles from six databases (including PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer Link, Science Direct, SAGE Journals, and Taylor and Francis Journals) were identified relating to the topic using a pre-established set of terms that included both parenting styles and academic performance. 15 of the studies highlighted that parenting styles affect the academic achievement of students, while 2 studies showed no association. It was analysed that the authoritative parenting style was the most effective in enhancing the academic performance of young children. More in-depth research is needed on parenting styles to have a better understanding of the cultural effect of parenting styles on academic performance in Pakistan.

Macroeconomics factor, institutional quality and export performance: Empirical evidence from Pakistan

AbstractA country's institutional quality (INS) influences its export performance (EXP) and plays a vital role in international trade. The purpose of this study is to investigate the short‐run and long‐run relationships among these macroeconomic factors in Pakistan. Annual data from the World Development Indicators and the International Country Risk Guide were used from ‘1989 to 2019’. To investigate the short‐run and long‐run linkage between INS and EXP, the non‐linear auto‐regressive distributed lag and error correction model are used after incorporating structural breaks. Additionally, the macroeconomic explanatory variables used are the exchange rate (ER), human capital (HC), gross domestic product (GDP) and foreign direct investment (FDI). In the long run, INS, HC, GDP and FDI have a significant positive relationship with EXP, whereas the ER has a significant negative relationship. In the short run, INS is significant and positive, whereas HC, GDP and FDI with EXP are modest but significantly positive. To improve export performance in Pakistan, strategic reform of governmental institutions is required.

The effect of corporate governance on firm performance: perspectives from an emerging market

The aim of this research is to inspect whether Corporate Governance (CG) attributes such as Audit Meeting Frequency, Ownership Concentration, Board Meeting Frequency, Foreign Ownership, Institutional Ownership, Board Gender Diversity, Audit Committee Size, Board Size, Audit Reputation and CEO Compensation affect firms’ performance in Pakistan. This research employed the pooled least square method to estimate the association among attributed of CG and firm performance measures (Return on Asset and Tobin’s Q) by selecting the Cement Sector and Energy sector companies listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) during 2009–2022. A substantial result is that the energy sector’s CG system does not differ from the cement sector. Tobin’s Q is lesser than ROA, suggesting the same condition as companies in the cement sector. On average, firms in the energy sector are older than the firms in the cement sector. It contradicts the result of profitability proxies of the energy sector. Being older firms, the profitability proxies show lower returns as compared to cement sector firms. Pakistan needs a uniform CG code and the need for good CG practices for specific approaches of firms. This study enhances the literature in CG domain by investigating the impact of CG processes in Pakistani firm’s performance. In Pakistan, there are studies available on the topic but the comparison between the selected two industries with such a large data set are the unique elements of the current research. In prior studies, the time interval was also short, only five years. Further, the firm performance was measured by an accounting-based tool and did not include a market-based tool for performance, as well as variables for CG were also limited.

Likelihood Analysis of the Factors Effecting Public Opinion of Police Performance in Pakistan

This study identifies behavioral and socio economic determinants of public satisfaction regarding police services in Pakistan. We incorporated the behavioral aspects of society through social networking or social awareness and the usage of technology as additional determinants of police performance. The Probit model with sample selection (heckprobit) is employed, in order to avoid sample selection bias. The findings reveal that the likelihood of satisfaction of male household heads is significantly low. Furthermore, wealthier households are more satisfied; which also raises a question about police performance. The results strongly recommend that the police department needs to improve its behavior, as urban society is less satisfied. Furthermore, the government should reduce the transaction cost of police services and other barriers that keep poor people away from the police; as the poor households are less satisfied. Finally, the social awareness and media is also a significant determinant of public satisfaction. The study finding reveals that the access to media and technology variables indicates that the families who have these facilities have a significantly lower probability of satisfaction in Pakistan.

The Nexus Between Fintech Adoption & Bank Performance: A Role of Competitiveness

This research investigates the relationship between fintech adoption, competitiveness, and bank performance within Pakistan's banking industry, encompassing Islamic and conventional banking practices. This study empirically examines the impact of fintech adoption on the performance of banks in Pakistan, unveiling a nuanced relationship shaped by the moderating effect of competitiveness. The findings of this research reveal that the relationship between fintech adoption and bank performance is significantly influenced by competitiveness, displaying a complex interplay with both positive and negative implications. While fintech adoption holds the potential to enhance banks’ efficiency, profitability, and customer loyalty, it also introduces challenges and threats to the established norms of the traditional banking sector. Moreover, this study identifies several critical research gaps and proposes avenues for future investigations to comprehensively understand the role of Fintech within Pakistan's financial system. The evolution and integration of Fintech present both opportunities and challenges, underscoring the need for continued exploration and analysis to navigate this transformative landscape better. However, this research contributes to understanding how adopting Fintech impacts bank performance in Pakistan, highlighting the moderating role of competitiveness and the duality of opportunities and challenges presented by Fintech in the banking realm.

Impact of Strategic Leadership, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Organizational Innovation on Organizational Performance: Harnessing Data to Understand the Mediating Role of Knowledge Management: A Case Study of SMEs in Pakistan,

In the current era of competitiveness and digitalization SME’s can play an important role in economic development of a country like Pakistan. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of strategic leadership, Entrepreneurial and orientation organizational innovation on SME’s performance in Pakistan with the mediation role of knowledge management. A self-administered survey questionnaire is used to collect the data from SME’s Managers and owners. PLS is used for data analysis. The findings of the study reveal that there is a significant relationship between strategic leadership, Entrepreneurial orientation and organizational innovation and organizational performance. Moreover, Knowledge management has significant relationship with organizational performance. Further, statistical values show that knowledge management fully mediate the relationship. It is a unique study to test this combination of variables in the context of SME’s of Pakistan. As there are very limited studies available to discuss about SME’s performance specifically in the context of Pakistan. Current study will help the policy makers to develop the effective policies for SME’s sector development. Moreover, use of knowledge management as mediator indicate the novelty of current study. Conclusively, current study is limited to Pakistan in future researchers may use this framework to other developing countries with the variation of sample size and industrial sector.

The Impact of Pak and China Cultural influences on CPEC Energy Project Moderating effect in South Asia: A Case Study from Pakistan

Pakistan is a growing nation working to integrate with foreign business for efficient economic activity. The China Pakistan Economic Corridor is pushing Pakistan's corporate and industrial sectors to accelerate their strategy and developmental implementation processes in order to stay competitive or outperform it. For this reason, China is setting the pace in the business while Pakistan is gradually embracing CSR. This essay aims to investigate the indirect and direct effects of innovation on corporate social responsibility and business performance in Pakistan's manufacturing sector. Three years' worth of panel data were gathered for this. The institutional theory and resource-based theory form the foundation of the theoretical framework. Using the multiple regression technique, the direct and moderating effects were examined. CPEC (China Pakistan economic corridor) is a huge bilateral initiative and developmental project that was started by Pakistan and China, in which the major focus is on the enhancement and modernization of the infrastructure of Pakistan in terms of improving trade with China. Because of CPEC uncountable potential and possible benefits to economic growth and economic development of common people's lives, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has become a huge success not just for authorities but also for ordinary Chinese and Pakistani individuals. It is the biggest and major foreign investment in Pakistan ever conducted by a single country. By being such a source of transporting and moving millions of tons of Chinese products to the Middle East, Africa, and Europe through Gwadar port, CPEC has the potential to significantly connect Pakistan and China. Using an event research method and technique, this study adds to the literature by assessing the influence of CPEC on stock returns. We estimate the continuously compounded returns across sectors to see if this impact varies across sectors. Furthermore, this article aims to determine whether or not the effect of CPEC has been penetrated to a fundamental stage. The median equality test is used to analyze the impact of CPEC on non-financial businesses and enterprises listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange's quality of financial reporting. The impact of CPEC on the stock market is found to be favorable and encouraging but not considerable, indicating that the stock market's exceptional performance cannot be ascribed to CPEC. At the national and regional level, the significance and impact of CPEC is also mixed.

Exploring the Impact of Ownership Structure and CEO Power on CSR and Firm Performance in Pakistan: A Comparative Study of Pre, Post and Covid Era as an Emerging Economy

The primary purpose of this research is to acquire a profound comprehension of the impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the operations of firms and on society as a whole, with Pakistan serving as the focal point of the research. This study's objective is to determine whether or not there is a moderating effect of CEO power on the relationships that exist between CSR, ownership concentration, and efficient business practices. In-depth research has been conducted on fifty different non-financial enterprises in Pakistan to see how well they performed before, during, and after the Covid-19 Pandemic. On the data that has been gathered, descriptive statistics and regression analysis have been carried out with the assistance of SPSS. The research found that in the middle of the Covid-19 outbreak in Pakistan, the degree of authority held by CEOs had a major impact on the dynamics of the economy. The authority of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has a significant impact on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the performance of an organization. Even in a developing country like Pakistan, the present study highlights the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the positive influence it may have on the bottom line of a firm. The purpose of this study is to investigate the beneficial benefits that corporate social responsibility (CSR) has on society, with a particular emphasis on emerging countries such as Pakistan. This research serves as a useful guide by emphasising how important CSR is for linking together the success of businesses and the well-being of the society in which they operate.

Exploring the Impact of Ownership Structure and CEO Power on CSR and Firm Performance in Pakistan: A Comparative Study of Pre, Post and Covid Era as an Emerging Economy

The primary purpose of this research is to acquire a profound comprehension of the impacts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the operations of firms and on society as a whole, with Pakistan serving as the focal point of the research. This study's objective is to determine whether or not there is a moderating effect of CEO power on the relationships that exist between CSR, ownership concentration, and efficient business practices. In-depth research has been conducted on fifty different non-financial enterprises in Pakistan to see how well they performed before, during, and after the Covid-19 Pandemic. On the data that has been gathered, descriptive statistics and regression analysis have been carried out with the assistance of SPSS. The research found that in the middle of the Covid-19 outbreak in Pakistan, the degree of authority held by CEOs had a major impact on the dynamics of the economy. The authority of the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has a significant impact on the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the performance of an organization. Even in a developing country like Pakistan, the present study highlights the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the positive influence it may have on the bottom line of a firm. The purpose of this study is to investigate the beneficial benefits that corporate social responsibility (CSR) has on society, with a particular emphasis on emerging countries such as Pakistan. This research serves as a useful guide by emphasising how important CSR is for linking together the success of businesses and the well-being of the society in which they operate.

Influence of innovation on the relationship between market orientation, entrepreneurial orientation, and SME performance in Pakistan

Small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) are important in enhancing the economy, driving innovation, and enhancing competitiveness. Consequently, they play a substantial role in enhancing the overall operational efficacy of enterprises. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the Pakistani manufacturing sector. Additionally, the study sought to determine the mediating effect of innovation in the link between these orientations and SME performance. Data was collected from 381 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in Pakistan using a self-administered questionnaire. Out of the total surveys collected, 360 met the criteria for conducting a detailed analysis. The study utilized a structured equation modelling technique by SMART PLS 4 to evaluate the influence of Market Orientation (MO), Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), and Innovation (INO) on the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The findings of the study demonstrated a notable association between Market Orientation (MO), Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), and Firm Performance (FP), wherein innovation played a crucial intermediary function within this framework. The aforementioned findings highlight the significant significance of market orientation (MO), entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and innovation orientation (INO) in the attainment of success for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study serves as a significant reference for both scholars and practitioners who are interested in gaining a deeper understanding of the effects of market orientation (MO), entrepreneurial orientation (EO), and innovation orientation (INO) on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Therefore, this study makes a valuable contribution to the existing body of knowledge in the field, enhancing our comprehension of the topic.

Role of government as moderator: Porter’s diamond firm strategy, structure, and rivalry attribute and industry’s performance

The prime purpose of the research was to examine, through empirical study, and help determine the government’s role as moderator in the relationship between Porter’s diamond firm strategy, structure, and rivalry construct and the firm’s performance in Pakistan’s automotive sector. In the study, the research philosophy was positivism, and a deductive approach was applied as the main reason to establish generalizations in the results. With a view to determining the magnitude, direction, and significance, researchers emphasized descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Data was solicited from 166 sample respondents through a structured questionnaire. To establish the reliability perspective and validity context of the questionnaire constructs, a pilot study was part of the research study. Parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques also became an integral part of analysis for drawing objectively based conclusions. For moderation purposes, the tool was macro, Process v3.0 (model 1). The study findings aptly indicate that in a theoretical context, the relationship is not significant, whereas the practical perspective reflects that government policy does influence industry firms’ performance; however, the mediating role of government between Porter’s constructs, viz., firm strategy, structure, and rivalry, and industry firms’ performance documented no impact. In the constituencies of academia, automotive sector players, and policymakers, the moderation results shed light on theoretical and practical contextualization.

Evaluating Main Canal and Barrage Performance in Pakistan through Water Security Metrics

The present study provides an in-depth investigation into water security using socio-hydrological analysis by investigating the relationship between irrigation entitlements and actual water delivery. Conjoint analysis is used to evaluate the reliability and equity of the system by applying quantitative definitions and metrics. This study examines 10 years of daily average canal flow data collected from the Sindh canal command regions of the Lower Indus Basin Irrigation System in Pakistan. This research was carried out at both the canal and the barrage network levels, with socio-hydrological metrics being used across both temporal and spatial scales. Furthermore, an in-depth study of the LIB system’s fourteen main canals operating across three barrages was carried out. This research focuses on the transition from historical volumetric allocations to the objective of enhancing irrigation efficiency and agricultural yields in order to provide improved water and food security. The investigation underscores the enduring presence of stagnation and volatility in the overall equity and reliability of the system. The analysis reveals that the median reliability of the canals in Sindh was 47–100% in the summer and 65–85% in the winter season. Additionally, the irrigation system equity was worse in the winter and summer, at around 55–75%. This research examines the possibilities of using a socio-hydrological strategy to effectively improve the performance of canal irrigation systems and promote water security.