Perfect Efficiency Research Articles

Analisis Efisiensi Kinerja Bank Syariah Menggunakan Data Envelopment Analysis dan Sharia Maqashid Index

This study aims to measure the efficiency of the performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates and Bahrain using the Data Envelopment approach Analysis (DEA) and Sharia Maqashid Index (SMI).This study uses a combination research method. In the first stage, quantitative research is used to measure the efficiency of the performance of 4 Islamic banks from 6 countries in 2018-2020 with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Sharia Maqashid Index (SMI) approaches. In the second stage, qualitative methods are used to compare the results of performance measurement along with the appropriate approach to measure the performance of Islamic banks. The results of this study indicate that in the DEA approach, only 2 Islamic banks consistently have perfect efficiency scores (1 or 100%) namely BRI Syariah (Indonesia) and Kuwait House Finance (Bahrain). As for SMI, the 3 Islamic banks with the highest scores were Bank Muamalat Indonesia (39,020), Al Bilad Bank (36,938) and Alinma Bank (35,335) Saudi Arabia. Performance measurement using these two approaches is very well used to assess the performance of Islamic banks from the aspect of profitability and Sharia Maqashid.

Transmission Gate Based 8T SRAM Cell for Biomedical Applications

Abstract: There is an immense necessity for several kB of embedded memory for Biomedical systems which typically operate in the sub-threshold domain with perfect efficiency. SRAMS dominates the total power consumption and the overall silicon area, as 70% of the die has been occupied by them. This brief proposes the design of a Transmission gate-based SRAM cell for Biomedical applications eliminating the use of peripheral circuitry during the read operation. This topology offers a smaller area, reduced delay, low power consumption, and improved data stability in the read operation. Static Random Access Memories mostly contribute to the performance, area, and power dissipation of digitally integrated systems. The mentioned implantable and wireless applications require low-power circuits operating for a long time, occupying less area without degrading the performance, as it provides inconvenience and may even be risky especially while considering the implantable devices.

High Performance On-Chip Energy Storage Capacitors with Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer-Deposited Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/Al-Doped Hf0.25Zr0.75O2 Nanofilms as Dielectrics.

Concurrently achieving high energy storage density (ESD) and efficiency has always been a big challenge for electrostatic energy storage capacitors. In this study, we successfully fabricate high-performance energy storage capacitors by using antiferroelectric (AFE) Al-doped Hf0.25Zr0.75O2 (HfZrO:Al) dielectrics together with an ultrathin (1 nm) Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 underlying layer. By optimizing the Al concentration in the AFE layer with the help of accurate controllability of the atomic layer deposition technique, an ultrahigh ESD of 81.4 J cm-3 and a perfect energy storage efficiency (ESE) of 82.9% are simultaneously achieved for the first time in the case of the Al/(Hf + Zr) ratio of 1/16. Meanwhile, both the ESD and ESE exhibit excellent electric field cycling endurance within 109 cycles under 5~5.5 MV cm-1, and robust thermal stability up to 200 °C. Thus, the fabricated capacitor is very promising for on-chip energy storage applications due to favorable integratability with the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process.

Energy security performance evaluation revisited: From the perspective of the energy supply chain

The previous research on energy security performance (ESP) has often treated the energy security system as a “black box,” meaning that it has not explored the internal composition structure of the system or the linking relationships of the energy supply chain. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework and a comparative study of ESP evaluation in 32 OECD countries over 20 years, dividing the energy system into four processes. A dynamic network Data Envelopment Analysis (DNDEA) model is used to analyze the energy system's overall performance and each process's performance, considering their internal structure and dynamic characteristics. The ESP results show that half of the 32 OECD countries had perfect efficiency scores, while the other half had scores ranging from 0.0222 to 0.74. The study also found more progress in the second half of the 20-year period. In terms of the four individual processes, the total primary energy supply (TPES) and total final energy consumption (TFEC) processes had consistently high scores, while the secondary energy resources (SER) process had room for improvement. Based on a cross-check of the various ESP results over the past 20 years, as well as the ESP in the most recent decade, seven countries (Austria, Canada, Finland, South Korea, Luxembourg, Norway, and Switzerland) were identified as benchmarks for their strong performance, and the study examined the indicators underlying their success. The study also identifies areas for improvement in underperforming countries and determines future directions for improvement.

Expression and Enzyme Kinetics of Fused Plasmodium falciparum Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase and Orotidine 5′-monophosphate Decarboxylase in Different Escherichia Coli

Background: Fusion of the last two enzymes in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in the inverse order by having COOH-terminal orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) and NH2-terminal orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC), as OPRT-OMPDC, has been described in many organisms. Objective: The study aimed to select the optimum host cell and temperature for expressing the recombinant fusion OMPDC-OPRT having the enzymatic activity. Methods: We constructed gene fusions of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum OMPDC-OPRT (1,836 bp) in the pTrcHisA vector and expressed it as a 6xHis-tag bifunctional protein in three Escherichia coli strains (BL21(DE3), TOP10, Rosetta) at 18°C and 25°C. The recombinant bifunctional protein was partially purified by Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography and confirmed via Western blot and LC-MS/MS. The enzyme kinetics of OPRT and OMPDC was assessed. Results: Specific enzymatic activities of both OPRT and OMPDC domains expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells were approximately eight-to-nine-fold higher than those in the TOP10 cells at 18°C. However, the specific activities of both domains expressed in the TOP10 cells were twice higher than those of the BL21(DE3) cells at 25°C. Very low and no enzymatic activities were observed when the constructed vector was expressed in the Rosetta cells at both induction temperatures. The bifunctional enzyme had specific activities of the OPRT and OMPDC domains in a ratio of 1:2. Kinetic study values of the OPRT domain in the bifunctional OMPDC-OPRT enzyme were found to be relatively low at µM level and at the perfect catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km). Conclusion: The recombinant fusion of OMPDC-OPRT exhibited a high expression level of E. coli BL21(DE3) at 18°C. The kinetic parameter is greater than 108M-1s-1.

Near or far detectors? A case study for long-lived particle searches at electron-positron colliders

We explore the discovery potential for long-lived particles at the 250-GeV ILC. The goal is to investigate possible gains of a dedicated far detector over the main detector ILD. For concreteness, we perform our study for sub-GeV axion-like particles $a$ produced via $e^+e^- \to a \gamma$ or $e^+e^- \to Z \gamma \to (a\gamma)\gamma$ and decaying into pairs of charged leptons. In the ideal case of zero background and perfect detection efficiency, we find that far detectors placed in the planned underground cavities or a large cuboid on the ground can enhance the sensitivity to long-lived pseudo-scalars at best moderately. On the other hand, the ILD itself is a perfect environment to search for long-lived particles, due to its excellent angular coverage and radial thickness. For long-lived particles produced with cross sections of a few picobarns, the ILD could probe lifetimes up to 300$\,$ns, or proper decay lengths up to 100$\,$m, in 250$\,$fb$^{-1}$ of data. For axion-like particles produced through weak interactions, the ILC can reach an even higher sensitivity than searches for displaced vertices in meson decays at Belle II. Our findings apply similarly to other proposed electron-positron experiments with a high angular coverage, such as the FCC-ee and CEPC.

Nanoscale architecture for frequency-resolving single-photon detectors

Single photon detectors play a key role across several basic science and technology applications. While progress has been made in improving performance, single photon detectors that can maintain high performance while also resolving the photon frequency are still lacking. By means of quantum simulations, we show that nanoscale elements cooperatively interacting with the photon field in a photodetector architecture allow to simultaneously achieve high efficiency, low jitter, and high frequency resolution. We discuss how such cooperative interactions are essential to reach this performance regime, analyzing the factors that impact performance and trade-offs between metrics. We illustrate the potential performance for frequency resolution over a 1 eV bandwidth in the visible range, indicating near perfect detection efficiency, jitter of a few hundred femtoseconds, and frequency resolution of tens of meV. Finally, a potential physical realization of such an architecture is presented based on carbon nanotubes functionalized with quantum dots.

Microwave demonstration of Purcell effect enhanced radiation efficiency

We experimentally demonstrate a Purcell effect-based design technique for improved impedance matching, and thus enhanced the reflection coefficient from a small microwave emitter. Using an iterative process centred on comparing the phase of the radiated field of the emitter in air with that of the emitter in a dielectric environment, we optimise the structure of a dielectric hemisphere above a ground plane surrounding a small monopolar microwave emitter in order to maximise its radiation efficiency. The optimised system shows very strong coupling between the emitter and two omnidirectional radiation modes at 1.99 GHz and 2.84 GHz, yielding Purcell enhancement factors of 1762 and 411 times increase respectively, and near perfect radiation efficiency.

Stacking Order, Perfect Spin Polarization, and Giant Magnetoresistance in Zigzag Graphene/ h - BN Heterobilayer Nanoribbons

In a van der Waals heterostructure of two-dimensional materials, electronic properties are tunable by means of stacking orders. Here, we study the spin-dependent quantum transport in the bilayer of ferromagnetic zigzag-edged graphene/hexagonal-$\mathrm{BN}$ nanoribbons (ZGr-BNNRs) using density-functional theory combined with the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's-function method. We reveal a strong odd-even effect of transport across the ZGr-BNNRs and a giant magnetoresistance value observed only in even-width ZGr-BNNRs. More interestingly, this value can be optimized by engineering stacking orders, yielding the perfect spin polarization efficiency of 100% and the magnetoresistance value of over ${10}^{4}$ in even-width ZGr-BNNRs. Our results provide a route to design and fabricate high-performance spin filters and magnetic storage devices.

Low temperature absolute internal quantum efficiency of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes

A method to reveal low temperature absolute internal quantum efficiency of an InGaN-based light-emitting diode (LED) is reported. Structural (via scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy) and optical (via temperature- and power-dependent photoluminescence) properties of InGaN-based blue LEDs are coupled with a channel-based recombination model, which reveals the low temperature absolute internal quantum efficiency of the LED on traditional sapphire and emerging Si (111) substrates as 27.5% and 71.1%, respectively. High low-temperature absolute internal quantum efficiency of the former is attributed to its lower defect density and less strain. Our results show assuming perfect (i.e., 100%) internal quantum efficiency in an InGaN-based LED at low temperatures could be misleading, and using negative thermal quenching properties of defect luminesce bands with a channel-based recombination model can be a method to quantify LED's less than ideal low temperature internal quantum efficiencies.

Large magnetoresistance and spin-polarized photocurrent in Mn2.25Co0.75Ga0.5Sn0.5/MgO/Mn2.25Co0.75Ga0.5Sn0.5 magnetic tunnel junctions

With the development of information storage devices with high density, low power consumption and multi-means regulation, magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with completely spin polarized materials as electrodes have attracted much attention. Heusler alloy Mn2.25Co0.75Ga0.5Sn0.5(MCGS) is a recently fabricated spin gapless semiconductor with 100 % spin polarization and high Curie temperature of 725 K. Here, the spin-dependent electronic transport and photoelectric properties of MCGS/MgO/MCGS MTJs are investigated systematically by density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function method. It is found that the MCGS/MgO/MCGS MTJs with four different terminations all present high tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) and the maximum TMR is up to 6.51 × 106 %. The TMR value can be reduced and switched between positive and negative values by applying bias voltage, which can be used to designed magnetic logic devices. Furthermore, perfect spin injection efficiency can be obtained in the MCGS/MgO/MCGS MTJs and the switch of the spin channel can be controlled by the magnetization configuration of the ferromagnetic electrodes. Moreover, nearly 100 % spin-polarized photocurrent can be obtained by tailoring the polarization angle and photon energy of polarized light. The linearly polarized light is more favorable than circularly polarized light to generate high spin-polarized photocurrent. These results provide a theoretical guidance for designing the spin and optical tunable spintronic devices.

Galbut Virus Infection Minimally Influences Drosophila melanogaster Fitness Traits in a Strain and Sex-Dependent Manner.

Galbut virus (family Partitiviridae) infects Drosophila melanogaster and can be transmitted vertically from infected mothers or infected fathers with near perfect efficiency. This form of super-Mendelian inheritance should drive infection to 100% prevalence, and indeed, galbut virus is ubiquitous in wild D. melanogaster populations. However, on average, only about 60% of individual flies are infected. One possible explanation for this is that a subset of flies are resistant to infection. Although galbut virus-infected flies appear healthy, infection may be sufficiently costly to drive selection for resistant hosts, thereby decreasing overall prevalence. To test this hypothesis, we quantified a variety of fitness-related traits in galbut virus-infected flies from two lines from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). Galbut virus-infected flies had no difference in average lifespan and total offspring production compared to their uninfected counterparts. Galbut virus-infected DGRP-517 flies pupated and eclosed faster than their uninfected counterparts. Some galbut virus-infected flies exhibited altered sensitivity to viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. The microbiome composition of flies was not measurably perturbed by galbut virus infection. Differences in phenotype attributable to galbut virus infection varied as a function of fly sex and DGRP strain, and differences attributable to infection status were dwarfed by larger differences attributable to strain and sex. Thus, galbut virus infection does produce measurable phenotypic changes, with changes being minor, offsetting, and possibly net-negative.

All-Optical Simultaneous Frequency Metamorphose Contingent on a Three Parallel SOA-MZIs Copula

In this treatise, we develop a standard modulation design to consummate concomitant frequency up mixing dependent on the three parallel SOA-MZIs by employing a sampling arrangement in Virtual Photonics Inc. (VPI) software. Each SOA-MZI is used to acquire a frequency output sampled signal at higher frequencies. Then, the amalgamation of these three mixed signals leads to a simultaneous up-conversion procedure. The peak and positive conversion gains (CGs) are compassed with the SOA-MZIs connected in parallel for frequency mixing for higher frequencies of data signals from 0.5 to 98 GHz, 1 to 98.5 GHz, and 1.5 to 99 GHz, concurrently, which are in connection with the control signal at the frequency of the fifth harmonic. Moreover, we assess the worth of the performance characterizations of the mixing system using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) complex modulated signals. This novel three parallel SOA-MZIs system is completed for the first time in order to achieve frequency transformation to higher frequencies. The numerically calculated CG, error vector magnitude (EVM), and bit error rate (BER) values are in exceptional concurrence with those procured through the VPI simulator. The upper bit rate that concurs the forward error correction (FEC) confines is 2 Gbit/s for OFDM modulations. The three parallel SOA-MZIs setup leads to well-recognized results and it is deemed as a superb system due to its good achievement. Subsequently, this system is analyzed in order to contrast with our previous systems based on a signal SOA-MZI and a cascaded SOA-MZIs link. Furthermore, this comparison shows that the three parallel SOA-MZIs system has perfect efficiency and quality.

Testing of quantum nonlocal correlations under constrained free will and imperfect detectors

In this work, we deal with the relaxation of two central assumptions in standard locally realistic hidden variable (LRHV) inequalities: free will in choosing measurement settings, and the presence of perfect detectors at the measurement devices. Quantum correlations violating LRHV inequalities are called quantum nonlocal correlations. In principle, in an adversarial situation, there could be a hidden variable introducing bias in the selection of measurement settings, but observers with no access to that hidden variable could be unaware of the bias. In practice, however, detectors do not have perfect efficiency. A main focus of this paper is the introduction of the framework in which given a quantum state with nonlocal behavior under constrained free will, we can determine the threshold values of detector parameters (detector inefficiency and dark counts) such that the detectors are robust enough to certify nonlocality. We also introduce a class of LRHV inequalities with constrained free will, and we discuss their implications in the testing of quantum nonlocal correlations.

Large Magnetoresistance and Perfect Spin-Injection Efficiency in Two-Dimensional Strained VSi2N4 -Based Room-Temperature Magnetic-Tunnel-Junction Devices

Two-dimensional (2D) materials provide a promising platform for exploring spintronic devices. However, the low Curie temperature of most 2D magnetic materials limits their development and application. Based on density-functional theory and the nonequilibrium-Green's-function formalism, we present a systematic simulation study of room-temperature strained ${\mathrm{VSi}}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$-based magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), using a high-accuracy Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) functional. In contrast to Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof results, a spin-conductance match is observed in $\mathrm{Ag}/{\mathrm{VSi}}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$-${\mathrm{VSi}}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}/\mathrm{Ag}$ MTJs at the HSE06 level. Thus, a 1200% tunnel-magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio and a perfect spin-injection efficiency are theoretically predicted in $\mathrm{Ag}/{\mathrm{VSi}}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$-${\mathrm{VSi}}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}/\mathrm{Ag}$ MTJs. Interestingly, the coexistence of a Weyl semimetal and a half-metal state is found in 1.965% tensile-biaxial-strained monolayer ${\mathrm{VSi}}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$. In addition, a slight compressive strain leads to a boost of the TMR ratio by 2 orders of magnitude, up to ${10}^{5}\mathrm{%}$ in strained ${\mathrm{VSi}}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$-based MTJs. Other MTJs based on ${\mathrm{VSi}}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{4}$, ${\mathrm{VSi}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{4}$, and ${\mathrm{Nb}\mathrm{Si}}_{2}{\mathrm{N}}_{4}$ are investigated. Our results show that these spin-polarized magnetic silicide compounds, with Curie temperatures close to room temperature, are promising candidates for next-generation spintronic devices.

Spin filtering and negative differential resistance in PAQR-ZGNR junctions

The spin transport of a Polyacene quinone radical (PAQR) molecule sandwiched between two ferromagnetic ZGNR electrodes with an even width number of 6 is studied employing the nonequilibrium Green's function method combined with the density functional theory (NEGF-DFT). Lateral symmetry mismatch of wave functions between PAQR and ZGNR may suppress all the transport channels except only one spin-down channel near the chemical potential in the linear regime. A half-metallic behavior with perfect spin filtering efficiency and strong negative differential resistance is expected. Under high bias voltage, the spin filtering efficiency changes from −100% to 90% when other transport channel is involved. Applying an external gate voltage, we can modulate greatly the conductance of the junction. These unique features are insensitive to the length of PAQR chain and suggest great application prospect for PAQR-ZGNR molecule devices.

Analysis of the Performance Efficiency of Zakat Management Institutions Using Data Envelopment Analysis: Study at LAZ Harfa Banten 2017-2020

The potential for collecting zakat in Indonesia is very high because the majority of the people are Muslims. However, the realization of zakat collection in Indonesia that has been collected by zakat management institutions, both BAZ and LAZ, is still far from the assumed amount. Zakat management institutions have an important role to collect, manage and distribute zakat. Therefore efficiency is needed by zakat management institutions in order to maximize zakat management. This study aims to analyze the level of performance efficiency of Zakat Management Institutions, especially LAZ Harfa Banten using data envelopment analysis (DEA) in the 2017-2020 period. Results of data analysis using software MaxDEA Basic 8 shows that in 2017 and 2020 LAZ Harfa Banten experienced perfect efficiency with a score of 100% or had an efficiency score of 1. Meanwhile in 2018 and 2019 LAZ Harfa Banten experienced inefficiency, namely in 2018 with an efficiency score of 94.94% and in 2019 the efficiency value was 83.56%. Inefficiency occurs because the input variable whose actual value is not in accordance with the DEA calculation target, namely total assets. Meanwhile, the output variables, namely the amount of zakat receipts and the amount of zakat distribution, both experience inefficiency because the actual value and target value are not appropriate or balanced.

Efisiensi Ekonomis Usahatani Kelor Organik Di Moringa Organik Indonesia Blora Jawa

Limitless study that conducted on moringa farming inversely to the benefits that have been felt by many people. Both as herbal medicine and as an alternative vegetable. The research has purpose to get know about the economical moringa used as community farming with examining the economic efficiency of moringa farming in Blora Regency precisely in Moringa Organic Indonesia Corp. Information and data were obtained from twenty respondents of Moringa farmers who have been cultivating Moringa for the last five to seven years. The data were analyzed using the Cobb Douglas production function approach and stochastic frontier analysis which will measure technical, allocative and economic efficiency. The results showed that: 1) Moringa farming in Blora has achieved technical efficiency. The average technical efficiency is 0.93. The lowest technical efficiency is 0.8 and the highest is 1.00; 2) The level of allocative efficiency of Moringa farming is on average 1.00 so that it is declared perfect efficiency; 3) Moringa farming in Blora achieves an economic efficiency of 0.93. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide information to the wider community that Moringa is one of the economic commodities that can be used as a source of income and can improve welfare in addition to meeting the nutritional needs of the community.

Introduction to Special Issue: Topics Related to Real Estate Market Efficiency.

The efficiency of the real estate market is a major concern for homeowners, investors, lenders, policymakers, and researchers. Modern academic literature has mostly moved beyond an early emphasis on formal tests of informational efficiency. The Grossman and Stiglitz (The American Economic Review 70:393-408, 1980) paradox holds that perfect informational efficiency is impossible and the joint hypothesis problem implies that market efficiency is not even testable. Instead, researchers now commonly examine the speed, accuracy, and persistence of price movements in response to new information, as the allocative efficiency of a market ultimately depends on its degree of informational (and operational) efficiency. This special issue is devoted to exploring these issues.

On the equity-efficiency trade-off in food-bank network operations

In this paper, we present a novel modeling perspective to the food-bank donation allocation problem under equity and efficiency performance measures. Using a penalty factor in the objective function, our model explicitly accounts for both efficiency and equity, simultaneously. We give the tightest lower and upper bounds of the penalty factor, which can conveniently characterize closed-form optimal solutions for the perfect efficiency and perfect equity cases. Testing our model on the full spectrum of our penalty factor, using real data from Feeding America, we demonstrate that the solutions from our model dominate those of a benchmark from the literature in terms of both equity and efficiency, being on the Pareto frontier. Our sensitivity analysis demonstrates that assisting the food-banks should go hand-in-hand with helping eliminate poverty in the demand population. This will ensure that adding more capacity to the network will always lead to a decrease in the price of equity for the food-banks. On the other hand, our results reveal that encouraging charitability is always beneficial for the food-banks, albeit with diminishing returns. Finally, we extend our model to the case with stochastic receiving capacities and derive additional insights with regards to the inherent trade-offs between equity, efficiency, and reliability in the network.