Perfect Cooperation Research Articles

Highly stretchable conductor with elastomeric passivation sheath enabling applications in harsh conditions

The rapid development of robotics requires stretchable electrical conductors capable of large deformations and having high operational stability in terms of electrical and mechanical characteristics. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been considered as the primary component of stretchable conductors, and mechanically drawn CNT sheets have shown their functionality when combined with various elastomeric materials in the shape of yarns. Herein, an electrically passivated stretchable conductor with an elastomer sheath and a spandex–CNT coiled-yarn core structure is reported. Based on the proven performance of spandex–CNT coiled-yarn, the electrical insulation by the Ecoflex elastomer enhances its applicability in an actual situation without degrading the stretchable conductor functionality. The experimental results show a substantial working deformation range (up to 350%), high durability, and low resistance variation during repetitive stretch and release cycles. Additionally, its stability is confirmed over a wide temperature range (up to 150 °C) and even inside an acidic liquid environment where the elastomeric sheath protects the conducting core. The perfect cooperation between the Ecoflex sheath and spandex–CNT core opens the possibility of deploying this stretchable conductor technology under harsh conditions.

Highly efficient ampere-level CO2 reduction to multicarbon products via stepwise hollow-fiber penetration electrodes

Efficient C2+ production from CO2 electrocatalytic reduction exhibits significant promise but suffers from low selectivity and undesired side reactions. Stepwise electroreductions of CO2 to CO and then to C2+ products can benefit from the perfect cooperation of the first high CO production efficiency and the subsequent favorable C-C coupling kinetics of CO. Herein, by virtue of serial Ag and Cu hollow-fiber penetration electrodes, a high-efficiency CO2 electroreduction to C2+ products is achieved with a partial current density of 1.8 A cm−2 and a faradaic efficiency of 90.5 %. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the synergetic combination of unique penetration effect induced by hierarchical micro/nanostructured hollow fiber configurations and regulated electronic structures by chloride ion adsorption, is responsible for the superior activity. This work provides a facile tactic and encouraging headway to design applicable efficient CO2 electrocatalytic reduction systems towards high-value C2+ chemicals.

Progressive system safety and reliability analysis: A sustainable game theory approach

AbstractThis research aims to study the applicability of game theory to system safety and reliability decision‐making problems and corresponding objective conflicts using non‐cooperative games. The non‐cooperative games would solve the games considering non‐cooperative cognitive decision‐makers behaviors, which are commonly ignored by other system safety and reliability analysis (SSRA) techniques, assuming that there would be perfect cooperation between the players (decision‐makers). Game theory can also recognize and understand the decision‐makers' behaviors and provide a “win‐win” situation for all players and the best broader system outcomes. The paper also shows the use of dynamic game theory in system safety and reliability decision‐making problems over time. The results indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of game theory and show how this can better reflect decision‐makers’ opinions in system safety and reliability decision‐making problems.

Two-level cooperation and competition strategies of government and technology service platforms: considering government subsidies

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the optimal competition or cooperation decision between technology service platforms and governments in the context of fierce competition within urban agglomerations.Design/methodology/approachBased on the cooperation and competition game model, this study builds a two-level model for government and technology service platforms considering three cases: perfect competition, platform cooperation and government-led cooperation.FindingsBy analyzing the optimal strategies of the government and a platform in three cases, the research shows that choosing appropriate cooperation in a competitive situation is beneficial to both the government and the platform. Government-led cooperation is conducive to increasing social welfare. From the perspective of the platforms, if they actively seek cooperation, they can obtain higher subsidies and profits. The more intense the competition is, the higher the profits and social welfare generated from the platforms' active cooperation.Practical implicationsThe contribution of this study relates to the development of technology service platforms in urban agglomerations. As local governments and platforms continuously undertake decision-making processes, this study constructs quantitative models to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of competition and cooperation. It is worth noting that relying on government subsidies to maintain the sustainable development of technology service platforms is not a long-term solution. Government subsidies play a vital role in the initial development of technology service platforms. The analysis results are in line with Guo et al. (2016), Jung and Feng (2020) and Li (2021) conclusions. Furthermore, long-term government subsidies will make platforms dependent on these subsidies. These are the contributions to the scientific literature.Originality/valueInstead of focusing on vertical relationships, this study emphasizes the horizontal cooperation and competition relationship between platforms and local governments in an urban agglomeration. Thus, the vertical effects of government subsidies on platforms can be investigated. Another innovation is the social welfare policy goal, which is an important index for the development of urban agglomerations.

Hub-and-Spoke Logistics Network Considering Pricing and Co-Opetition

With the rapid development of the logistics market, the construction of an efficient “channel + hub + network” logistics system, that is, a hub-and-spoke logistics network, is of great importance to enterprises. In particular, how to reduce costs and increase efficiency in both the construction of network facilities and actual operations, and to formulate reasonable prices for the logistics service needs in the entire market are crucial strategies and decisions for enterprises. Under such a background, this article starts from the perspective of duopoly logistics enterprises that jointly build networks and allow the transfer of surplus capacity and carbon credits, and studies the hub-and-spoke logistics network design that also considers the relationship between service pricing and co-opetition. Considering the corporate profit and difficulty of implementation as a whole, the co-opetition is a better choice than the complete competition and perfect cooperation. In addition, the remaining capacity of the company, the transfer of carbon credits, the joint construction and sharing of hubs, and strategic cooperation in the area of corporate common pricing under the price framework agreement are conducive to the realization of an increase in corporate operating profits, a better market share and more favorable pricing.

The Importance of Administrative Leadership in The Context of Development of Human Resources: A Descriptive Analytic Study

Sociological research in the field of human resources management focuses on identifying mechanisms that determine worker’s behaviour. Leadership can be noticed only on this level, as it plays a major role in organising relationships between individuals in a given society. We attempt in this article to expose some methods that could allow a better leadership impact on human resources and a perfect cooperation in order to accomplish tasks, to organize and bring workers into decision making process and to set a communication network on different levels in addition to motivating workers in order to achieve the set goals.

Computational determination of the mechanism of the Pd-catalyzed formation of isatoic anhydrides from o-haloanilines, CO, and CO2.

The palladium-catalyzed annulation of o-haloanilines with carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), discovered by Wen-Zhen Zhang and co-workers, provides a convenient method to synthesize isatoic anhydrides. We explored the mechanism of this reaction, particularly the order of the reaction of CO and CO2 and the effect of the base, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations (ωB97X-D and M06). It was found that the base-assisted N-H bond activation through a concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) mechanism is a requisite for carboxylation, and the carboxylation proceeds via the nucleophilic attack of the (Pd)NH nitrogen on CO2. The results show that carbonylation occurs prior to carboxylation, because the facile and exergonic carbonylation greatly decreases the energies of the following intermediates and transition states. The mechanistic exploration of the alternative pathways (e.g., mono-carbonylation and carboxylation) and the comparison with the annulation mechanism of the o-iodobenzylamine substrate further demonstrate the perfect cooperation of CO and CO2 in constructing an anhydride moiety for o-haloanilines.

Asymmetric Benefit Compensation Model for Resolving Transboundary Water Management Conflicts

This paper proposes an asymmetric benefit compensation model for stimulating rational agents, who often have disparate geography, hydrology, climate, and socio-economies, to participate in cooperative transboundary water management. A social planner model is initially developed to maximize the total water benefit of a river system under the assumption of perfect cooperation among the agents. Subsequently, a Stackelberg game-theoretical model is used to derive the agents’ disagreement utility based on considering their spatial heterogeneity in water accessibility. Based on the agents’ bargaining weights produced by several multi-attribute decision analysis methods, the aggregate water benefit is then redistributed among the agents by adopting the asymmetric Nash bargaining solution. The possible benefit compensation solutions are finally compared by using a composite index that can synthetically consider optimality, equity and stability criteria. The Qujiang River Basin in China is used to demonstrate the applicability of the suggested model. The results show that this integrated model can offer useful insights for conflict resolution in river sharing problems.

Perfect Prediction in normal form: Superrational thinking extended to non-symmetric games

This paper introduces a new solution concept for non-cooperative games in normal form with no ties and pure strategies: the Perfectly Transparent Equilibrium. The players are rational in all possible worlds and know each other’s strategies in all possible worlds — which, together, we refer to as Perfect Prediction. The anticipation of a player’s decision by their opponents is counterfactually dependent on the decision, unlike in Nash Equilibria where the decisions are made independently. The equilibrium, when it exists, is unique and is Pareto optimal.This equilibrium is the normal-form counterpart of the Perfect Prediction Equilibrium; the prediction happens “in another room” rather than in the past. The equilibrium can also be seen as a natural extension of Hofstadter’s superrationality to non-symmetric games. Algorithmically, an iterated elimination of non-individually-rational strategy profiles is performed until at most one remains. An equilibrium is a strategy profile that is immune against knowledge of strategies in all possible worlds and rationality in all possible worlds, a stronger concept than common knowledge of rationality but also stronger than common counterfactual belief of rationality.We formalize and contrast the Non-Nashian Decision Theory paradigm, common to this and several other papers, with Causal Decision Theory and Evidential Decision Theory. We define the Perfectly Transparent Equilibrium algorithmically and prove (when it exists) that it is unique, that it is Pareto-optimal, and that it coincides with Hofstadter’s Superrationality on symmetric games. We relate the finding to concepts found in the literature such as Individual Rationality, Rationalizability, Minimax-Rationalizability, Second-Order Nash Equilibria, the Program Equilibrium, the Perfect Prediction Equilibrium, Shiffrin’s Joint-Selfish-Rational Equilibrium, the Stalnaker–Bonanno Equilibrium, the Perfect Cooperation Equilibrium, the Translucent Equilibrium, the Correlated Equilibrium, and Quantum Games. Finally, we specifically discuss inclusion relationships on the special case of symmetric games between Individual Rationality, Minimax-Rationalizability, Superrationality, and the Perfectly Transparent Equilibrium, and contrast them with asymmetric games.

A bilevel modeling framework to analyze the institutional gap between research and operation practices – Case on the Three Gorges Reservoir pre-impoundment problem

Dealing with institutional settings involving multiple stakeholders is essential for improving the applicability of reservoir operation optimization models. However, a centralized decision maker (CDM) is conventionally assumed to represent multiple players with perfect cooperation and information exchange for modeling the decision-making process with hierarchical structure and non-cooperative interactions in real problems. In this paper, we define the deviation of operation performance between the assumed centralized and the practical hierarchical decision-making procedures as an institutional gap (IG). To further derive the causes of the IG and evaluate the influence of the CDM’s preference on the IG, a comparative analysis between bilevel programming and multi-objective programming (MOP) is conducted for the reservoir pre-impoundment problem (RPP). Compared to optimizing two conflicting objectives in MOP, our proposed bilevel optimization framework models the flood control rule maker and reservoir refill rule maker as minimizing the potential flood risk and maximizing the hydropower production benefit respectively with a hierarchical institutional structure. Our case study of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China indicates that the centralized optimization model without considering the hierarchical interaction between flood control and reservoir refill decision-makers would lead to an IG in terms of underestimation of flood risk. We further find that the magnitude of the IG is highly related to the selection of the CDM’s preference, and the largest IG is obtained when the flood control or hydropower generation objective is solely considered. Particularly, we specify the range of preference setting which results in the domination of centralized model solutions as compared to the bilevel solution, although the solutions within this range are not realistic for practical operation. Our findings provide an insight into the cause of the IG as well as the effects of preference on the IG, facilitating future improvement of institutional structure design and preference setting for practical reservoir operation optimizations.

Role of Strategic Management and New Trends in Strategic Thinking in Current Scenario

Today era every person needs to be fame, profit and success. To fulfill own dreams to meet the competitions in competitive world. Every person to fulfill his dreams to makes some strategies. Because strategy help us to achieved the organizational and individual goals. A Strategy is concerned with the direction in which human and physical resources to be use to maximize the chances of achieving organizational objectives. It means of putting a policy in to effect within certain time limits. Strategies main focuses on objectives, in other words you can say that strategies are means to an end. The main purpose of Strategy is to be solving the business problems, help to managers to improve his managerial powers, and optimum utilization of scares resources etc. Managers also play a vital role in the companies because they can guide to their subordinates through decisions taken in accordance with the strategies from time to time even through subordinates are operating at different places. In any further situation should be controlled by managers through the strategy employee’s activities on the workplace. Strategies guide to individuals of different areas of operations are properly guided so as to reduce respective actions leading thereby to have perfect cooperation. All managerial actions are taken as per strategies framed such as the policies specify routes towards anticipated goals. Strategy is a integrated, complete and included plan designed to assure that the basic objectives of the undertaking are achieved.

Sharing the costs and benefits of climate change mitigation via Shapley value.

This paper examines the free rider problem that exists in the joint effort to mitigate climate change. There is a need to develop a model that is stable and that provides evidence of an objective burden sharing rule so that the environmental agreement is more acceptable. This study approaches this problem via a cooperative game at the global level to make International Environmental Agreements (IEA) more stable. For this purpose, we apply the Shapley value transfer mechanism and find that under the commitment scenario, some regions attain the maximum benefits by joining the coalition. Shapley value transfer improves the coalition size and increases the global benefits at a certain level of abatement under perfect cooperation. Imperfect cooperation leads to lower levels of global benefits. Our findings offer new implications on how to improve the international cooperation for climate change. Commitments by major regions could activate the IEA (e.g., Paris agreement) efficiently. For the maximum global response to climate change, the national governments must reformulate and implement policies to meet their intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs). The results of this study also help the national governments to set their implementation priorities to implement the Paris Accord at global level.

The role of cooperation in spatially explicit economical systems

Abstract In this paper we are concerned with a model in econophysics, the subfield of statistical physics that applies concepts from traditional physics to economics. Our model is an example of an interacting particle system with disorder, meaning that some of the transition rates are not identical but rather drawn from a fixed distribution. Economical agents are represented by the vertices of a connected graph and are characterized by the number of coins they possess. Agents independently spend one coin at rate one for their basic need, earn one coin at a rate chosen independently from a distribution ϕ, and exchange money at rate µ with one of their nearest neighbors, with the richest neighbor giving one coin to the other neighbor. If an agent needs to spend one coin when his/her fortune is at 0, he/she dies, i.e. the corresponding vertex is removed from the graph. Our first results focus on the two extreme cases of lack of cooperation µ=0 and perfect cooperation µ = ∞ for finite connected graphs. These results suggest that, when overall the agents earn more than they spend, cooperation is beneficial for the survival of the population, whereas when overall the agents earn less than they spend, cooperation becomes detrimental. We also study the infinite one-dimensional system. In this case, when the agents earn less than they spend on average, the density of agents that die eventually is bounded from below by a positive constant that does not depend on the initial number of coins per agent or the level of cooperation.

The Reform and Innovation of University-Enterprise Cooperation Mechanism in Applied Local Colleges

University-enterprise cooperation is the important way of cultivating applied talents in colleges and universities. Facing the needs of the transformation and upgrading of enterprises, the change of talent demand and the development of higher education transformation, many efforts need to be done in reform and innovation in the construction of university-enterprise cooperation mechanism for colleges. University-enterprise cooperation’s education will be effectively promoted according to the perfect cooperation mechanism and system construction to build its win-win mechanism of university-enterprise cooperation and form effective staff communication as well as improve the mechanism and cooperative innovation mechanism of university-enterprise cooperation research and development.

Facile Construction of Dual p-n Junctions in CdS/Cu2O/ZnO Photoanode with Enhanced Charge Carrier Separation and Transfer Ability.

With the gradually increasing demand for solving the environmental pollution problem and energy crisis, efficient photocatalysts with superior charge carrier separation and transfer ability have attracted extensive research attention. Herein, n-type CdS-decorated p-Cu2O/n-ZnO nanorod arrays (CdS/Cu2O/ZnO NRAs), integrating the merits of both highly ordered structure and synergistic effect derived from dual p–n junctions, were successfully fabricated and further applied to photoelectrocatalysis. In this ternary nanocomposite, fast generation, separation, and transfer of charge carriers were achieved in the Cu2O/ZnO and Cu2O/CdS dual p–n junction regions due to their built-in electric field and appropriate band structures. Moreover, both highly ordered ZnO NRAs and compact CdS shell play the role of an electron collector and a transport channel that efficiently consumes the photoinduced electrons in the conduction band of Cu2O, which considerably reduces the recombination rate of charge carriers. As expected, the perfect cooperation of the three participators leads to the highest photoconversion efficiency of 2.61% at −0.275 V (versus saturated calomel electrode) and an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of 14.51% at 380 nm as well as the photoelectrocatalytic degradation ability of the optimized 30 min CdS/Cu2O/ZnO NRAs photoanode as compared to that of the Cu2O/ZnO and ZnO NRAs photoanodes. It is believed that the induced synergistic effect between dual p–n junctions and ZnO NRAs caused the superior performances of the CdS/Cu2O/ZnO NRAs photoanode, and this ternary material with a unique structure may present a new way of thinking for potential applications in the photoelectrochemistry field.

Trade Liberalization within Intra-BRICS and the Rule of Law

Abstract The main aim of this research is to seek the potential for Trade liberalization between Intra-BRICS and the impact on the Rule of Law, searching for issues that are hampering or would hamper the BRICS collaboration and economic growth. If any political and legal systems or organization that implements Loyalty to the interests of the rule of law would contribute tremendously to the progress of regional or community economic growth, lack of the rule of law can seriously hinder the idea of Trade liberalization and intra-regional or intra-community trade. I am arguing that even if trade barriers are removed from trade collaboration, and if there is no loyalty to the rule of law there will still be barriers that will hinder trade liberalization. For example, if the country is very corrupt the corrupt officials could delay goods entering the country by making unnecessary excuses so that bribe could be given thereby creating uncomfortable and unfair situations and thereby stimulating difficulties for businesses not to flow freely as it was previously anticipated. The important goal of the BRICS treaty is to stimulate sustainable economic growth of the BRICS countries. I examine the contribution to the BRICS countries integration to economic growth of the countries using subservient variables GMM regression in the framework of a growth model. I found great substantial empirical affirmation for a positive economic cooperation and growth. The results of some variables showed negative impact because of the distance that exist on members of the BRICS countries which hinders perfect cooperation and economic benefits but there were positive impacts on economic cooperation.

The Ecology of Defensive Medicine and Malpractice Litigation.

Using an evolutionary game, we show that patients and physicians can interact with predator-prey relationships. Litigious patients who seek compensation are the ‘predators’ and physicians are their ‘prey’. Physicians can adapt to the risk of being sued by performing defensive medicine. We find that improvements in clinical safety can increase the share of litigious patients and leave unchanged the share of physicians who perform defensive medicine. This paradoxical result is consistent with increasing trends in malpractice claims in spite of safety improvements, observed for example in empirical studies on anesthesiologists. Perfect cooperation with neither defensive nor litigious behaviors can be the Pareto-optimal solution when it is not a Nash equilibrium, so maximizing social welfare may require government intervention.

Testing the kinship theory of intragenomic conflict in honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Sexual reproduction brings genes from two parents (matrigenes and patrigenes) together into one individual. These genes, despite being unrelated, should show nearly perfect cooperation because each gains equally through the production of offspring. However, an individual's matrigenes and patrigenes can have different probabilities of being present in other relatives, so kin selection could act on them differently. Such intragenomic conflict could be implemented by partial or complete silencing (imprinting) of an allele by one of the parents. Evidence supporting this theory is seen in offspring-mother interactions, with patrigenes favoring acquisition of more of the mother's resources if some of the costs fall on half-siblings who do not share the patrigene. The kinship theory of intragenomic conflict is little tested in other contexts, but it predicts that matrigene-patrigene conflict may be rife in social insects. We tested the hypothesis that honey bee worker reproduction is promoted more by patrigenes than matrigenes by comparing across nine reciprocal crosses of two distinct genetic stocks. As predicted, hybrid workers show reproductive trait characteristics of their paternal stock, (indicating enhanced activity of the patrigenes on these traits), greater patrigenic than matrigenic expression, and significantly increased patrigenic-biased expression in reproductive workers. These results support both the general prediction that matrigene-patrigene conflict occurs in social insects and the specific prediction that honey bee worker reproduction is driven more by patrigenes. The success of these predictions suggests that intragenomic conflict may occur in many contexts where matrigenes and patrigenes have different relatednesses to affected kin.

Interlocking order parameter fluctuations in structural transitions between adsorbed polymer phases.

By means of contact-density chain-growth simulations of a simple coarse-grained lattice model for a polymer grafted at a solid homogeneous substrate, we investigate the complementary behavior of the numbers of surface-monomer and monomer-monomer contacts under various solvent and thermal conditions. This pair of contact numbers represents an appropriate set of order parameters that enables the distinct discrimination of significantly different compact phases of polymer adsorption. Depending on the transition scenario, these order parameters can interlock in perfect cooperation. The analysis helps understand the transitions from compact filmlike adsorbed polymer conformations into layered morphologies and dissolved adsorbed structures, respectively, in more detail.

Coopetition in Intermodal Freight Transport Services

The paper studies the coopetition of the downstream different carriers by providing complementary transport services in intermodal freight transport chain. Considering different information structure, a two-stage dynamic game model with simultaneous actions on investment and price is first formulated. Equilibria show both parties have motivation to select coopetition even if the agreement for cooperation investment is reached in advance. When both firms agree on the specific allocation, the new coopetition with higher efficiency would be emerged. Moreover, we analyze the complexity and evolution of coopetition by repeated pricing game with finitely and infinitely time horizon. In the finitely repeated pricing game, both firms have incentive to reach a tacit understanding to alternate choosing price cooperation and competition after setting suitable allocation scheme; the repeated periodstare then going to be an issue. In the infinitely repeated pricing game, the perfect cooperation is realized by designing the suitable trigger strategy.