Perceptions Of Science Research Articles

Gender-Dependent Crossmodal Interactions Between Olfactory and Tactile Stimulation Revealed Using the Unimodal Tactile Stimulation Device (UniTaSD).

Due to the complex stimulation methods required, olfaction and touch are 2 relatively understudied senses in the field of perceptual (neuro-)science. In order to establish a consistent presentation method for the bimodal stimulation of these senses, we combined an olfactometer with the newly developed Unimodal Tactile Stimulation Device. This setup allowed us to study the influence of olfaction on tactile perception and opened up an unexplored field of research by examining the crossmodal influence of tactile stimuli on olfaction. Using a pseudorandomized design, we analyzed how positive or negative tactile and olfactory stimuli influenced the opposing modality's perceived intensity and pleasantness. By asking participants to rate tactile stimuli, we were able to reproduce previously reported differences indicating that bimodal presentation with an olfactory stimulus increases or reduces perceived tactile pleasantness in an odor-dependent manner while highlighting that this effect appears unique to women. Furthermore, we found the first evidence for the influence of tactile stimuli on perceived odor pleasantness, an effect that is also driven primarily by women in our study. Based on these findings we believe that future neurophysiological studies, using controlled stimulus presentation can help unravel how and why olfactory and tactile perception interact in the human brain.

Космос Александра фон Гумбольдта: Образ? Понятие? Концепт!

The key term for the scientific discourse of Alexander von Humboldt is “Kosmos”. The paper interprets the term in connection with an idea, which is widespread in modern Russian philosophy, that conception as a special epistemic object is an alternative to the logical concept. This study substantiates the statement according to which Alexander von Humboldt in his widely known work Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe combines scientific and aesthetic perception of reality. The author makes an assumption that the term “Kosmos” encodes an epistemic object that combines the properties of concept and image and is a conception. For its investigation, the author discusses a few interpretations of the conception as a phenomenon: 1) the equivocalist interpretation, which sees conception as an ambiguous semantic formation, combining transcendent and immanent meanings; 2) the imaginistic interpretation, which considers conception as a semantic entity that has not evolved to an abstract concept; 3) the emotive interpretation, which interprets conception as an emotional semantic entity; this entity is object of thinking and object of emotional experience; 4) the linguo-philosophical interpretation, which considers conception as an element of the conceptual framework of language and thinking. The paper demonstrates that each of indicated interpretations of the conception corresponds to the sense of Humboldt’s term “Kosmos”.

Remembrance of the Past in a Digital Environment: Cognitive Landmarks for Historical Research

Russian professional historians have long been working with “memory” in their disciplinary field. They study collective and personal memory of the past in a variety of forms of memories, evidences of experiencing the past, their documentation and storage. In the last third of the 20th — beginning of the 21th century, their research activities are increasingly influenced by the cognitive turns that take place in social sciences and humanities. At present, the object of increased attention of Russian historians is the qualitative and technological changes occurring in the methods and forms of the production of memory of the past, its storage, transmission, appropriation and consumption in the information society. The article examines the possibilities of updating theoretical and methodological tools in historical studies of memory based on innovations occurring in the interdisciplinary field of memory studies and, above all, in such intensively developing areas as media memory studies and digital memory studies. The key concepts of media memory, digital memory, algorithmic memory, and socio-technical connected memory introduced into the scholar circulation of memory studies can serve as important cognitive guidelines for historians to study the peculiarities of constructing memory of the past in a modern mediatized digital society, the specifics of its documentation, formats for saving, and transferring. The article discusses the scope of these concepts and their heuristic potential for identifying and investigating new properties of collective memory produced in a mediatized digital environment. The inclusion of such concepts in the arsenal of historical studies of memory as units of analysis opens up opportunities for complicating scientific perception, categorization and conceptualization of the phenomena of memory of the past.

Space and Human Consciousness: The Great Whisper

Human Consciousness is one of most elusive issues in the scientific history. Its nature created major historical debate started thousands of years ago and still ongoing. Despite the explosive developments in the last century to explore its nature, the knowledge about it is still deficient. The important advances in the twentieth and 21st centuries in understanding cerebral cortex dynamics fortified by the dominant materialistic approach of the era dictated its impact on consciousness science, which is perceived as sole human brain function. This original review is a call for holistic perception of human consciousness incorporating the ancient wisdom of the human civilizations with the massive current era advances in different disciplines of applied sciences. The description of René Descartes in the 17th century of the Cartesian dualism is timely to revisit with new holistic perspective, in view of the major advances of our understanding of heart brain communications, astrophysical resonances with human heart ascending afferents to central nervous system, and signaling between humans and the space. Universal vibrations, frequencies and resonances as perceived by Nikola Tesla constitute the core of our new conceptual and experimental perspective on human consciousness. Neural and psychological correlates of human consciousness which dominate the consciousness research nowadays should undergo revolutionary conceptual understanding to perceive consciousness as a massive universal event expanding from human genes to galaxies. In the next discussion, we are going to navigate in the nature and fate of human consciousness with new innovative universal perspective based on heart rate variability of human heart and its cosmic resonances as represented by Schumann Resonances, Solar Wind Indices and Galactic Cosmic Rays. The interpretation of our existential secrets and biology without the space around us is a major gap in our scientific perception of life. The delicate orchestration between human heart and the space frequencies create the great whisper which in our perspective, encodes the secrets of human consciousness.

Classical Eurasians on the civilizational identity of Russia

Philosophical and world outlook understanding of the problem of civilizational identity of Russia acquires special relevance in connection with the preservation of the Eurasian civilizational breakdown that arose at the end of the 20th century. To prepare a new civilization project, it is important to use the theoretical legacy of prominent Russian thinkers, including the classics of Eurasianism. The purpose of the article is an objective analysis of classical Eurasianism, the comprehension of its most important provisions, taking into account the modern realities of Russian society. Using historical and philosophical methodology, critical analysis, methodology of civilizational theories, the author of the article substantiates the conclusion about the scientific significance of the Eurasian concept of civilizational identity of Russia. Its components are examined in a systematic form, such as the perception of Russia-Eurasia as a whole civilizational continent of an equal Europe, the idea of a “symphonic personality” in Eurasian culture, the idea of pan-European nationalism, the idea of establishing social justice, the provision on strengthening the religious element to strengthen the spiritual principle, etc. The article provides a critical analysis of some judgments of historical Eurasians, including their idea of absolutizing the role of the state, the theory of “potential Orthodoxy”, etc. An important conclusion of the article is the provision that Eurasianism is not a teaching hostile to the West, but a different non-Western scientific perception of the historical fate and civilizational development of Russia. Concrete examples substantiate the claim that it is necessary to distinguish fair criticism of classical Eurasianism from its simplified and largely biased assessments. The author of the article concludes that understanding the heritage of the classics of Eurasianism is necessary to develop a social project for the cultural and civilizational revival of the Russian Federation and the entire area of Northeast Eurasia.

Epistemologias do Sul, História do Tempo Presente e a teoria alter-nativa Zapatista / Epistemologies of the South, History of the Present Time and the Zapatist alter-native theory

O presente artigo reflete sobre as bases históricas que fundaram uma hegemonia no campo epistemológico da produção de saberes válidos e, concomitantemente, suprimiram um vasto universo de saberes tradicionais, evidenciando a colonização como um evento histórico que, para além das expropriações físicas, também promoveu uma expropriação no campo epistemológico do saber. Assim, percebe-se a fragilidade do dito paradigma científico moderno para compreender as complexidades do mundo, fomentando discussões referentes a um novo paradigma científico insurgente, atrelado às Epistemologias do Sul e ao pensamento zapatista, como caminhos a serem trilhados na busca de um paradigma emergente, que compreenda de forma mais profunda as relações entre os homens, entre os homens e a natureza e com à própria temporalidade na qual está inserido. Finalmente, conclui-se que esta emergência de novas percepções científicas para o conhecimento suscita novas contribuições para as construções e desconstruções das fronteiras da ciência e do cientista, além de questões sobre o seu papel prático no mundo.

The Motor Representation of Sensory Experience

How do we estimate the position of an object in the world around us? Naturally, we would direct our gaze to that object. Accordingly, neural motor coordinates entail the distance of external objects and thus might be used to derive perceptual estimates. Several general frameworks in the history of perceptual science have offered such a view.1-4 However, a mechanism showing how motor and visual processes communicate remains elusive. Here, we report that every post-saccadic error biases visual localization in a serially dependent manner. In order to simulate a realignment of visual space through motor coordinates, we induced an artificial de-alignment between visual and motor space. We found that when performing saccades under this distortion, post-saccadic error information clearly realigned visual and motor space, again in a serially dependent manner. These results demonstrate that the consequences of every saccade directly influence where we see objects in the world. On a neural basis, this requires that motor signals, which generate close to the saccade production machinery, are reported to cortical areas and arrange visual space. This view is consistent with recent electrophysiological findings of post-saccadic error processing in posterior parietal cortex.5.

High School Students' Views of Scientific Inquiry and Perception of Scientific Inquiry Experiment Subject

High School Students' Views of Scientific Inquiry and Perception of Scientific Inquiry Experiment Subject

Апеляційний перегляд справи у новітньому форматі законодавства

The science of the judiciary clearly outlines the problem of appellate review of court decisions. However, the ambiguity of the scientific perception of this issue is due to the fact that the concept of «appellate review» is embedded in quite different interpretations, which differ both in the point of view of scientific research and the results of theoretical developments. The special scientific literature does not distinguish between the concepts of «appellate proceedings» and «appellate review», in fact equating them. The appellate review is a special, independent, control function, which is carried out for the implementation of the appellate court procedural powers to review a court decision that has not entered into force. At the same time, an appellate review (appellate proceedings) is a stage of review of a court decision that has not entered into force by the appellate court for the purpose of uniform and correct application of substantive and procedural law on the basis of an appeal. The appellate review of the case is an institution of procedural law, on the basis of which and on the basis of the rule of law is the review of court decisions that have not entered into force, in order to the fact of violation of substantive and (or) procedural law. Keywords: appellate appeal, appellate review of the case, appellate complaint, provision of law, institute of law, court of appeal

Priority areas of research in the development of the timber industry complex in Russia: technical and logistics aspect

The article deals with the priority areas of research in the development of Russian timber industry complex. The most important areas of research are highlighted. It is determined that the scientific (theoretical) perception does not always coincide with the applied (practical) aspects of the industry. The most problematic areas in the development of the timber industry were identified. Key attention is paid to technological and logistical aspects.

»Stealthing«: ein besorgniserregender Trend?

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema »Stealthing« und soll einen Überblick über die bisherige herrschende Meinung und Rechtsprechung sowie über die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse geben. Der Beitrag beginnt mit einer allgemeinen Einführung in das Thema Stealthing und wird weitergeführt mit einer Darstellung bisheriger Rechtsprechungen in Deutschland sowie in anderen Ländern Europas. Erste empirische Forschungsarbeiten über Stealthing werden vorgestellt und eine rechtliche Einschätzung gegeben. Diese fokussiert auf die Strafwürdigkeit sowie das Handlungsunrecht beim Stealthing. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Stellungnahme des Verfassers und einem Fazit mit einem Vorschlag für eine Erweiterung des § 177 StGB, was den vorhandenen wissenschaftlichen Diskurs anregen und weiterführen soll.

¿Existe en América del Sur una brecha de consenso sobre el cambio climático? Evidencia a partir del análisis de percepción en redes sociales

This work investigates the possible existence of a consensus gap between scientific evidence and majority public perception, related to climate change in South America. Text mining techniques were used to extract georeferenced data from the social network Twitter during September and October of 2019. The selected text is classified from two classifiers such as the naive Bayesian classifier and the vector support machines classifier. Both classification algorithms have high accuracy rates (>80%). The results suggest the absence of a consensus gap in the case of South America, at present. This gap seems to be restricted to the case of countries like the United States. In South America, 86% to 95% of all tweets was classified as positive (believes that climate change is real).

القائم بالاتصال في الصحافة الجامعية والعوامل المؤثرة في عمله

تكمن مشكلة البحث في عدم وجود تصور علمي دقيق بشأن واقع القائم بالاتصال في الصحافة الجامعية والعوامل المؤثرة في عمله، ويرمي البحث إلى التعريف بالقائم بالاتصال في الصحافة الجامعية، وتوضيح العوامل التي تؤثر في عمله، والمعوقات التي تواجهه، فضلاً عن بيان مستوى الرضا الوظيفي لديه، ورؤيته لتطوير عمله.واستعانت الباحثة بالمنهج المسحي في جمع البيانات وتحليلها وتفسيرها، باعتماد أداة الاستبانة.وخلص البحث إلى جملة من النتائج والاستنتاجات أهمها: تعدد المهمات التي يقوم بها القائم بالاتصال في صحيفته ما بين الكتابة، والتحرير، ومصدر للمعلومات على الرغم من وجود توصيف وظيفي له في صحيفته، مما يعني تعدد الأدوار المنسوبة إليه، مما ينعكس على إنتاجيته، لاسيما في ظل تكليفه بمهمات خارج عمله الاعلامي إلى جانب عمله الأكاديمي لاسيما حملة الشهادات العليا. لا يمتلك القائم بالاتصال الحرية التي تمكنه من تصميم شكل صحيفته ومضمونها، وذلك لوجود عوامل تؤثر فيه، أبرزها (الإدارة العليا للمؤسسة) و(الجمهور المستهدف)، و(تكاليف إنتاج الصحيفة). ان الدعم الإداري المتواصل هو الذي يسهم في إنجاح عمل القائم بالاتصال على حساب مهاراته الاتصالية التي تعكس قدراته الاقناعية، وان المصداقية هي التي تجعله مؤثراً في جمهوره، وهذا يتأتى من خبرته وثقته بنفسه. ان ضعف اهتمام الإدارة العليا للمؤسسة بالمطبوع، وقلة الحوافز المادية والمعنوية، هي أبرز العوامل التي تؤثر سلباً في عمل القائم بالاتصال والمهمات المنوطة به، في ظل وجود معوقات، يتقدمها عدم توافر الملاك المتخصص، وقلة التدريب والتطوير لاسيما خارج العراق. انخفاض مستوى الشعور بالرضا الوظيفي والرضا عن المطبوع، ويعود ذلك إلى عدم تلبية حاجات القائم بالاتصال في عمله، فضلاً عن قلة الحوافز المادية والمعنوية التي من شأنها ان تقلل من مستوى الرضا لديهم.

The Problem of Actual Parenting: A Methodological View

Fixing the situation of doctrinal backlog in the development of the problem of actual parenting of a minor, the author explores the problem from the perspective of the instrumental approach. At the phenomenological level, the essential signs of actual upbringing are subject to the theoretical analysis These signs include: implicity as a social phenomenon, casuability, heterogeneity of social reasons for emergence, apparent voluntariness, gratuitousness, opacity of the circle of actual educators, preservation of continuous communication with the child’s family, lack of legal connection with the moment of emergence and termination of this type of actual relationship. At the interdisciplinary level, the extra-legal grammar of actual parenting is investigated with the inclusion of other social phenomena, structures and institutions closely related to it, providing reasonable scientific perception of this theoretical construct in jurisprudence. Using the political-legal approach complementing the traditional dogmatic approach to the study of the problem of actual parenting, the author aims to expand doctrinal boundaries of the solution of the problem of actual parenting in its legal perspective, creating prerequisites for future research of the topic in the context of its methodological preparedness. The author’s findings are based on the fact that the legal problem of actual parenting lies in the bosom of the problems of family education rather than between family education and forms of institutional protection of children, as is often seen in the family law doctrine. The normative nature of relations in the field of the family upbringing of a child, ensured through numerous acts of international law on child saving, national constitutional norms, principles of family law, general provisions of individual institutions and structures, does not make it clear that today’s legislative attitude to actual parenting is in no way consistent with the family law dogmatics.

Towards integrating art and freshwater science

Towards integrating art and freshwater science

Establishing the system of higher energetics education and science of Russian in domestic historiography

This article is devoted to the contemporary historiography of higher school for energetics in USSR and the Russian federation. The subject of this research is comprised of formation of modern scientific perceptions on emergence and development of Russian system of training energy personnel. The object of this research is the body of 1990s-2000s publications of historic and multidisciplinary profile on the contemporary history of higher energy education and university energetics in Russia. The goal of this research is to determine the main problematic vectors and theoretical approaches forming in the process of scientific research of this topic, as well as understanding of the results and further prospects of its development. The novelty of this research consists in determining, systematizing and analyzing the content of the body of historiographical sources on history of Russian energetics and education during XX and XXI centuries. The authors conclude that within the framework of this historiographical branch, there is a current scientific base that allows transitioning to a new level of discovery and theoretical generalization of materials. It seems relevant to transition from “milestone stories” of universities and departments to study of the role of higher education and academic science in the process of implementation of state energy policy in Russia, as well as development of international energy dialogue.

Do Not Just Do Science Inquiry, Understand It! The Views of Scientific Inquiry of Israeli Middle School Students Enrolled in a Scientific Reserve Course

Understanding the nature of science and scientific inquiry constitute foundation stones in scientific education in general and in scientific literacy in particular. Therefore, students must develop informed perceptions regarding science inquiry in order to be scientifically literate. The current study’s purpose was to examine students’ perceptions regarding science inquiry (SI). This would provide deep description of students’ naive and informed perceptions of SI, and also locate flawed thinking patterns regarding SI. The unique contribution of the research is expressed in both mapping the concepts about knowledge of scientific research in Israel and extracting and naming the concepts that the students have. The research population included 446 students in grades 7–8. This research chose a quantitative research approach. The study used a questionnaire called VASI (Views About Science Inquiry). This is a research questionnaire intended to diagnose students’ perceptions regarding science inquiry. The study’s findings indicate that most of the students do not develop informed understanding regarding the aspects of science inquiry. The aspects about which the students’ have the most informed responses among the students are that the question motivates the inquiry and that the study’s conclusions should match the data collected. The conclusion arising from the findings is that the students lack scientific perceptions regarding a significant proportion of the aspects of science inquiry, which raises the great importance of focused instruction of the aspects of science inquiry in class. Therefore, perhaps training teachers professionally to teach science inquiry directly in the classroom may develop the student’s’ scientific perceptions.

The Midrash: A Model for God's Voice in a Secular Society

The challenges of faith moved from battling scientific perceptions to struggling with post-modern despair, rooted in a pessimistic reduction of humanity to power structures. Midrash, as a mode of charitable reading of scriptures, offers a model for wider commitment to charitable conversation with the other. Applying a Midrashic approach towards both texts and people means seeking good intentions and ethical potential in the words, deeds and thoughts of the other. Thus, trust and commitment to Midrashic dialogue is the leap of faith, arching over the seemingly forced understanding of humanity as mainly concerned with the construction of power structures. Noting that committed adherents of a religion are nurtured with the will and capacity to perform charitable reading of scriptures, but at the same time are exposed to the danger of being trapped in their distinct semantic networks, this article offers a continuous dialectic tension, moving back and forth between committed charitable reading and self-criticism.

Сучасні наукові уявлення про природничо-наукову картину світу

Сучасні наукові уявлення про природничо-наукову картину світу

What the (abdominal) surgeon needs to know on novel insights regarding cholic acids and their interaction with the intestinal microbioma

By means of a short compact overview based on (i) topic-related references from the scientific medical literature and (ii) own surgery-specific perceptions, interrelation of cholic acids (CA) with metabolism, in particular, with planned or performed (abdomino-)surgical procedures should be illustrated. 1. Surgery and biochemistry have a common and traditionally matured matter of consideration with regard to the consequences of an altered portal vein circulation and liver cirrhosis. 2. CA are (i) natural detergents, (ii)components of cholesterol-associated gall stones and (iii)essential signal molecules of intestine-liver metabolic interaction. CA and chenodesoxycholic acid [CDCA] dominate the CA pool with approximately 35 %. By conjugation of CA with taurine und glycine, its solubility is increased. The enterohepatic circulation minimizes the excretion of CA. 3. The generation of CA out of cholesterol within the liver (turnover/day: 0.2-0.6 g cholesterol) is controlled by cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). A toxic CA accumulation is prevented by a CA-induced repression of CYP7A1 expression and sulfation of CA (resulting in an increase of urine solubility). 4.CA show regulatory activities in the energy, glucose, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and connate immune system. By binding of the CA to the farnesoid X-nuclear receptor [FXR] and the membranous G-protein-coupled CA receptor-1 [GPBAR1, TGR5], mannifold effects within the fat and carbohydrate metabolism are induced. 5. CA trigger the expression of the iodothyronine-dejodinase (DIO2) within the brown fat tissue and skelet muscles by activation of the GPBAR1-MAPK signal pathways. Hence, thyroxine (T4) is transformed to trijodthyronine (T3) and, subsequently, fat oxidation and thermogenesis are increased. 6. CA change the intestinal microbioma by bacteriolytic activities and, on the other hand, the CA profile is modulated by the microbioma. Typical microbial effects of the CA pool are (i) separation of glycine and taurine residuals of conjugated CA by "bile salt hydrolases" and (ii) chemical modification of free, primary CA by re-amidation, oxidation-reduction, esterification and desulfation. 7. CA inhibit the endotoxin-based inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS; membranous component of gram-negative bacteria). Via binding of CA to macrophages-associated receptors (GPBAR1 and FXR), (i) the LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine generation is reduced and the expression of antiinflammatory IL-10 is promoted. In addition, (ii)white-blood cell "trafficking" is regulated and (iii) inflammasoma is activated by macrophages and neutrophil granulocytes. 8. The body weight-independent changes after bariatric surgery (e. g., in case of "Roux-en-Y gastric bypass" [RYGB]) correlate with an increased CA serum level and an altered intestinal CA profile. The latter leads secundarily to a modification of the microbioma. RYGB has - among others - positive effects onto the carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, insulin sensitivity of the liver is improved and the secretion of the glucagon-like peptide 1 is enhanced. CA are a parade example for metabolic regulators, the interactions of which have an impact onto various (patho-)biochemical and (-)physiological processes, (abdomino-)surgically relevant diseases and (abdomino-)surgical measures. Their biochemical/physiological activities and insight into associated molecular processes should be part of the medical and scientific skills of a modern (abdominal) surgeon with a developed pathophysiological expertise.