Distinct Perceptions Research Articles

Using K‐Means Clustering to Explore Farmers' Behavior and Intention Towards Online Credit in China Based on Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

ABSTRACTAlthough online credit is recognized as one of the promising approaches to solving the problem of difficult access to loans for Chinese farmers in theory, there is still actually a lack of enthusiasm among farmers for its adoption. This study is dedicated to exploring the reasons why farmers don't adopt online credit from the perspective of perceptions. Based on field survey data involving 698 farmers in Shaanxi province, six constructs derived from the extended theory of planned behavior are designed to identify the specific characteristic typologies of farmers’ online credit perceptions using the K‐means clustering method. Furthermore, the characteristics associated with farmers online credit behavior and intention are examined by an ordered logistic regression model. The results of cluster analysis reveal that five groups with differentiated perception characteristics are partitioned and labeled as (1) Socially influenced non‐believers, (2) Socially independent non‐believers, (3) Just see fraud skeptics/Socially independent skeptics, (4) Suspicious but socially influenced, and (5) Neutral independent and no distinctive perception. The results of ordered logistic regression show that distrust and suspicion among farmers towards online credit have significant relationships with shaping their behavior and intention. Concurrently, it cannot be overlooked the association between subjective norms and farmers’ online credit attitudes and perceptions. Additionally, farmers’ online credit behavior and intention also have correlations with various socio‐demographic factors, including gender, age, education, physical health condition, off‐farm work, and broadband coverage.

The Interaction Between Vowel Quality and Intensity in Loudness Perception of Short Vowels in Mongolian.

This study investigated the influence of vowel quality on loudness perception and stress judgment in Mongolian, an agglutinative language with free word stress. We aimed to explore the effects of intrinsic vowel features, presentation order, and intensity conditions on loudness perception and stress assignment. Eight Mongolian short vowel phonemes (/ɐ/, /ə/, /i/, /ɪ/, /ɔ/, /o/, /ʊ/, and /u/) were recorded by a native Mongolian speaker of the Urad subdialect (the Chahar dialect group) in Inner Mongolia. The short vowels were paired under different intensity conditions. Native Mongolian listeners from Inner Mongolia participated in two loudness perception experiments: Experiment 1 examined the effects of presentation order and different intensity conditions on loudness perception using pairs of vowels. Experiment 2 explored how different vowel pairs influence perceptual outcomes and identified specific thresholds and perceptual boundaries for loudness perception. The findings revealed that intensity significantly affected loudness perception, modulated by vowel quality. Presentation order of vowels affected loudness perception, and vowel centralization and lip rounding play crucial roles as well. Central vowels, particularly /ə/, were perceived as more prominent, whereas rounded vowels were more likely to be judged as stressed under equated intensity conditions. The study also identified a perceptual tendency toward final prominence, influenced by sonority and vowel positioning. This study highlights the intricate relationship among vowel quality, intensity, and stress perception in Mongolian. Different vowels exhibited distinct loudness perceptions at the same intensity level, emphasizing the importance of vowel quality in stress assignment. Vowels with higher sonority indices or those positioned peripherally in the vowel space are more likely to be perceived as prominent. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of the phonological processes and perceptual mechanisms in agglutinative languages and highlight the need for further research across diverse dialects.

Nursing staff and supervisors perceptions on stress and resilience: a qualitative study

BackgroundSupervisor–subordinate relationship is high relevant in dealing with work-related stress and providing a compassionate, high-quality, and safe nursing care while meeting the needs of the hospital. Our aim was to assess the predisposing risk and resilience factors of the stress of nursing staff as well as to explore the common and distinctive perceptions of these factors between nurses without a managerial position (nursing staff) and employees in a supervising position (nurse managers, ward nurses).DesignGeneric qualitative study using half-standardized interviews.MethodsFifty nurses and supervisors from different departments from a German hospital of maximum medical care participated in this study between August and November 2018. Nineteen face-to-face interviews and five focus groups were conducted. Transcripts were subjected to structured qualitative content analysis.ResultsSystematised in Lazarus’s transactional model, nurses, and supervisors mentioned similar risk and resilience factors of stress. Disagreement in suggested responsibility for nurses’ stress or health and an evaluation of implemented measures meeting the nurses’ needs are discussed.ConclusionNursing staff and supervisors should enforce exchange to reduce disagreements in perceptions and to improve mutual understanding. Furthermore, measures to meet nurses’ needs to minimize stress and to improve collaboration and job satisfaction should be developed in close coordination with the target group. The focus should be placed on restructuring training and education programs with supplementation of self-responsibility promotion.Trail registrationThe study was registered with the German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS 00013482) on 09 March 2018.

Compressing slippery surface-assembled amphiphiles for tunable haptic energy harvesters.

A recurring challenge in extracting energy from ambient motion is that devices must maintain high harvesting efficiency and a positive user experience when the interface is undergoing dynamic compression. We show that small amphiphiles can be used to tune friction, haptics, and triboelectric properties by assembling into specific conformations on the surfaces of materials. Molecules that form multiple slip planes under pressure, especially through π-π stacking, produce 80 to 90% lower friction than those that form disordered mesostructures. We propose a scaling framework for their friction reduction properties that accounts for adhesion and contact mechanics. Amphiphile-coated surfaces tend to resist wear and generate distinct tactile perception, with humans preferring more slippery materials. Separately, triboelectric output is enhanced through the use of amphiphiles with high electron affinity. Because device adoption is tied to both friction reduction and electron-withdrawing potential, molecules that self-organize into slippery planes under pressure represent a facile way to advance the development of haptic power harvesters at scale.

The Impact of Task Context on Pleasantness and Softness Estimations: A Study Based on Three Touch Strategies.

This study investigated the two distinct perceptions (pleasantness and softness) of deformable stimuli with different degrees of compliance under conditions with and without a contextual task. Three tactile strategies-grasping, pinching, and pressing-were used to perceive the stimuli. In Experiment 1 (without a contextual task), participants estimated the perceived intensity of softness or pleasantness for each stimulus. In Experiment 2 (with a contextual task), the participants sequentially perceived two stimuli with different compliance levels and indicated which stimulus they perceived as softer and pleasant. The results showed that the psychophysical relationship between compliance and perceived softness was consistent across all tactile strategies in both experiments, with softness estimates increasing as compliance increased. However, the relationship between compliance and pleasantness differed between the two experiments. In Experiment 1, pleasantness estimates increased monotonically with increased compliance. However, in Experiment 2, across all tactile strategies, pleasantness began to decrease within the compliance range of 0.25-2.0 cm2/N, exhibiting an inverted U-shaped trend. These findings indicate that the relationship between compliance and pleasantness is task-dependent, particularly demonstrating significantly different trends when a contextual task is introduced. In contrast, the relationship between compliance and softness remained consistently monotonic.

Status or sustainability, can we have both, please? Decoding the factors shaping eco-friendly fashion buying

PurposeThis study investigates the determinants of eco-buying behavior by incorporating individual attributes such as personality traits and personal values and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). It also explores status consumption’s potential role in motivating eco-fashion purchases.Design/methodology/approachConducted through an online survey with 436 respondents in the UK, the study utilizes structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data.FindingsThe study contributes to the eco-friendly consumer behavior literature in fashion, revealing that social influence, need for uniqueness, public self-consciousness, green consumption values and prosocial attitudes significantly influence both eco-behavior and status consumption. Interestingly, while no substantial impact of status consumption on eco-behavior was observed overall, a multi-group analysis unveils distinctive perceptions and intentions. A clustering analysis identifies two significant segments (status buyers and eco-savvy fashionistas) exhibiting markedly different relationships between variables necessitating tailored marketing approaches concerning eco-fashion buying.Research limitations/implicationsTheoretically, the study highlights the limitations of the TPB in capturing evolving consumer dynamics, calling for refined models that incorporate personal values and specific motivations to better understand sustainable consumption.Practical implicationsFor “Status Buyers,” marketers should focus on their desire for uniqueness and present eco-fashion as a status symbol using social proof and influencer marketing. For “Eco-Savvy Fashionistas,” strategies should highlight environmental benefits, provide educational resources and offer tools to track environmental impact.Originality/valueThis study deepens our understanding of eco-friendly fashion purchases by accounting for the diverse perceptions and values that drive consumer behavior. Recognizing the heterogeneity within the sample reveals previously overlooked nuances in this complex decision-making process.

Sculpting new visual categories into the human brain

Learning requires changing the brain. This typically occurs through experience, study, or instruction. We report an alternate route for humans to acquire visual knowledge, through the direct sculpting of activity patterns in the human brain that mirror those expected to arise through learning. We used neurofeedback from closed-loop real-time functional MRI to create new categories of visual objects in the brain, without the participants' explicit awareness. After neural sculpting, participants exhibited behavioral and neural biases for the learned, but not for the control categories. The ability to sculpt new perceptual distinctions into the human brain offers a noninvasive research paradigm for causal testing of the link between neural representations and behavior. As such, beyond its current application to perception, our work potentially has broad relevance for advancing understanding in other domains of cognition such as decision-making, memory, and motor control.

Navigating The Duality: Privacy And Security Concerns In Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)

This study delves into the intricate relationship between privacy and security within Knowledge Management Systems (KMS). It identifies and analyzes distinct employee perceptions of these intertwined issues within a company's KMS environment. By exploring these perspectives, the authors aim to dispel the confusion surrounding privacy and security in KMS settings. The research employed an explanatory sequential mixed method design. First, a questionnaire survey was distributed directly to KM staff across three companies. This was followed by semi-structured interviews with four KM staff members. The findings reveal a high level of employee awareness regarding the importance of KMS and, consequently, the significance of personal information privacy and security. The study further distinguishes between privacy and security concerns within KMS. Privacy concerns, differentiated across three dimensions: confidentiality, trust, and behavior, are primarily viewed from the organizational layer. Security aspects, on the other hand, are seen as aligned with the ICT layer, governed by legal frameworks and KMS architecture.

Using online attitudinal and completion test to understand the consumerś perception of probiotic dry-fermented sausage

This study aimed to assess consumer perceptions and the connections between consumers' health-related concerns and their perceptions of probiotic fermented sausage. The study was carried out using a 4-step online questionnaire composed of: (1) identification and recruitment; (2) application of the completion test; (3) attitudinal exploration; (4) socioeconomic inquiry. The online test was applied using images simulating the shopping experience of a couple in a supermarket. The situation demonstrated an incomplete dialog between them. The response evaluation focused on identifying the key factors influencing consumers' choices when purchasing fermented sausages, both traditional and probiotic. Sixteen categories emerged from the terms mentioned by consumers that encouraged (positive) or restricted (negative) the intention to purchase fermented sausage. Three different consumer groups were formed from the attitudinal profile results (High Health Concerned – HHC, Moderate Health Concerned – MHC, and Low Health Concerned – LHC). Among the positive categories, "healthy" and "curiosity" stood out in encouraging the purchase of probiotic fermented sausages. On the other hand, negative categories, which restrict the purchase of probiotic fermented sausages, were primarily attributed to consumers' lack of knowledge about probiotics and to the belief that the functional product has "unpleasant taste". Consumers with different health concerns exhibited distinctive perceptions of probiotic fermented sausage. To successfully introduce functional fermented sausage into the market, a multifaceted marketing approach is needed. Regardless of the level of health awareness, the education of consumers about the health benefits and the sensory attributes is crucial for the market of probiotic fermented sausage.

Weaving The Fabric of True Korean Through Media Exposure Among Youth in Korea

Objective: This research aims to identify distinct perception typologies of national identity among Korean adolescents, focusing on the interplay of ancestral ties, cultural heritage, birthplace, residence, and civic responsibilities. It also examines the role of media portrayals of foreigners in shaping these identity constructs. Theoretical Framework: Guided by Anderson’s “imagined communities” concept, the study employs media framing and priming theories to explore how media influences adolescent perceptions of national identity. Method: Utilizing data from the 2021 Multicultural Acceptance Survey conducted by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, this study applies latent class analysis to assess responses from 5,000 Korean middle and high school students. The survey includes factors such as ancestry, cultural heritage, and civic engagement, with media exposure to foreign volunteers and criminals rated on a five-point Likert scale. Latent regression analysis incorporates media exposure as covariates to evaluate effects on identity formation. Results and Discussion: Five perception types emerge—Ethnic, Pluralistic, Civic, Cultural, and Holistic identities. Media portrayals significantly influence Civic and Pluralistic identities, underscoring media’s formative role in adolescent identity perception. Research Implications: The findings offer insights for multicultural education and identity policy, supporting frameworks that acknowledge diverse youth identities. Originality/Value: This study provides a unique contribution by focusing on adolescents and using latent class analysis for a nuanced understanding of national identity perception types. It further underscores the influential role of media in shaping youth identity, contributing to both media studies and identity policy discourse.

Exploring the Influencing Factors of Experienced Nurses' Retention Behaviour: A Qualitative Study Based on the COM-B Model.

The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing the retention behaviour of experienced nurses in China, using the capability, opportunity, motivation and behaviour (COM-B) model as a conceptual framework. A qualitative descriptive study based on the COM-B model. In this qualitative descriptive study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 nurses across 11 cities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area of China between March and May 2024. The interviews followed a predefined topic guide derived from the COM-B model. The transcriptions of the interviews were then subjected to deductive thematic analysis. Eleven key themes emerged, which were embedded in three categories of the COM-B model, including capability (physical and mental health, professional knowledge and skills), motivation (increasing income, sense of fulfilment in nursing work, positive colleague relationships and job stability) and opportunity (management, career development opportunities, work-life balance, prejudice against nursing and workload). The study provides new perspectives on factors influencing the retention of experienced nurses in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao. The study identified 11 factors that influence nurse retention behaviour, emphasising three distinctive perceptions: the 'iron rice bowl', the concept of filial piety and public prejudice towards nursing in Chinese society, which are unique to China compared to other nations. Additionally, it revealed similarities in nurse retention factors across Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao. To strengthen nurse retention, it is essential to develop tailored strategies for experienced nurses. Future research should also take social culture into account to enhance retention efforts. This study's reporting adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) checklist. No patient or public contribution.

The perceptual distinctiveness of the [n-l] contrast in different vowel and tonal contexts.

This study investigates the relative perceptual distinction of the [n] vs [l] contrast in different vowel contexts ([_a] vs [_i]) and tonal contexts (high-initial such as HH, HL, vs low-initial such as LL, LH). The results of two speeded AX discrimination experiments indicated that a [n-l] contrast is perceptually more distinct in the [_a] context and with a high-initial tone. The results are consistent with the typology of the [n] vs [l] contrast across Chinese dialects, which is more frequently observed in the [_a] context and with a high-initial tone, supporting a connection between phonological typology and perceptual distinctiveness.

The Many Care Worlds a Butterfly Crosses

This article explores the theme of heroes and villains in relation to the conservation of the North American monarch butterfly. The monarch butterfly is a migratory insect that performs an annual four-thousand-kilometer journey across Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Through its travels, the at-risk insect connects and disconnects humans, revealing tensions between the different actors participating in its survival across its North-South geographies. In the North, conservation relies on the voluntary care work of butterfly amateurs who recreate monarch habitat, rear and care for the insect at home, and contribute economically and affectively to habitat protection. In the South, the conservation model is experienced by Indigenous and mestizo communities as a top-down imposition restricting their traditional livelihoods. Residents of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve contest their framing as nature trespassers, while they carry the political, affective, and physical labor of conserving a disappearing insect. They too care for this butterfly but with an emphasis on its forest relations. Based on ethnographic data collected among these two often-opposed conservation communities, this article explores the ontological questions raised by these hero and villain dynamics around radically different ideas of what caring for this butterfly means. The exploration of one insect and two care worlds intersects with the “one planet, many worlds” debate in a colonial context. By examining the tensions between these opposed care worlds, the essay illustrates how a disappearing butterfly constitutes and confronts distinct perceptions of the urgency of caring for nature.

Investigating Teachers’ Use of an AI-Enabled System and Their Perceptions of AI Integration in Science Classrooms: A Case Study

Recent research indicates the significant potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing teachers’ instructional practices in areas such as lesson planning, personalized teacher intervention and feedback, and performance assessment. To fully realize the potential of AI in teaching, it is crucial to understand how teachers innovatively apply and critically evaluate AI applications in their teaching practices. However, there is a research gap in investigating how teachers use various features of an AI-enabled system and their perceptions of AI integration in teaching to promote teachers’ effective AI integration practices. Employing an exploratory case study design, we investigated how six science teachers utilized an AI-enabled inquiry intelligent tutoring system (Inq-ITS) within their teaching and examined their perceptions of AI integration. Classroom observations and teacher interview data were collected. When using Inq-ITS functionalities, two teachers with a pedagogical orientation of teacher-guided scientific inquiry mainly engaged with its virtual tutor and teacher report summary features. Conversely, four teachers, practicing the pedagogical orientation of AI-guided scientific inquiry, relied on the AI system to guide student learning, interacting intensively with its features, particularly real-time teacher alerts and teacher inquiry practice support. Regardless of the differences in using Inq-ITS features, all teachers recognized the potential benefits of pedagogical change and encountered various challenges. This analysis also revealed that teachers exhibited distinct perceptions regarding the role of Inq-ITS integration in their teaching. Teachers who adopted a teacher-guided pedagogical orientation perceived the Inq-ITS as a supporting tool that enhanced traditional teaching methods. In contrast, those with an AI-guided pedagogical orientation viewed the Inq-ITS as akin to a teaching assistant and a pedagogical collaborator. The findings underscored the importance of enhancing teachers’ realization of the pedagogical affordance of AI in teaching through their use of AI functionalities. It is essential to consider teachers’ diverse perceptions of AI integration when promoting their integration of AI into teaching practices.

The impact of perception bias for cardiovascular disease risk on physical activity and dietary habits

ObjectiveCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant public health challenge in China. Accurate perception of individual CVD risk is crucial for timely intervention and preventive strategies. This study aimed to determine the alignment between CVD risk perception levels and objectively calculated CVD risk levels, then investigate the disparity in physical activity and healthy diet habits among distinct CVD risk perception categories. MethodsFrom March to August 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Zhejiang Province using convenience sampling. Participants aged between 20 and 80 years, without prior diagnosis of CVD were included. CVD risk perception was evaluated with the Chinese version of the Attitude and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease Risk Perception Questionnaire, while objective CVD risk was assessed through the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk (China-PAR) model. Participants’ demographic information, self-reported physical activity, and healthy diet score were also collected. ResultsA total of 739 participants were included in the final analysis. Less than a third of participants (29.2%) accurately perceived their CVD risk, while 64.5% over-perceived it and 6.2% under-perceived it. Notably, half of the individuals (50.0%) with high CVD risk under-perceived their actual risk. Compared to the accurate perception group, individuals aged 60–80 years old (OR = 6.569), currently drinking (OR = 3.059), and with hypertension (OR = 2.352) were more likely to under-perceive their CVD risk. Meanwhile, participants aged 40-<60 years old (OR = 2.462) and employed (OR = 2.352) were more likely to over-perceive their risk. The proportion of individuals engaging in physical activity was lowest in the under-perception group, although the difference among the three groups was not statistically significant (χ2 = 2.556, P = 0.278). In addition, the proportion of individuals practicing healthy diet habits was also lowest in the under-perception group, and a significant statistical difference was observed among the three groups (χ2 = 10.310, P = 0.006). ConclusionOnly a small proportion of participants accurately perceived their CVD risk, especially among those with high actual CVD risk. Individuals in the under-perceived CVD risk group exhibited the lowest rates of physical activity engagement and healthy diet adherence. Healthcare professionals should prioritize implementing personalized CVD risk communication strategies tailored to specific subgroups to enhance the accuracy of risk perception.

Changing images of favorite schools after the student admission system reform in Indonesia

The study aims to unearth public perceptions of the label of favorite schools after the implementation of student admission reform in Indonesia, namely the zoning system, and to explore the underlying causes. Adopting a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, this study involved participants from nine provincial education services, nine regency education services, 72 teachers, and 72 parents. Data collected through in-depth interviews and focus groups reveal three distinctive perceptions of favorite schools. The first view posits that after the implementation of the zoning system, the quality among schools is relatively similar, indicating that the new policy is effective in reducing educational disparity. The second sees that some favorite schools persist, but there is a narrowing educational disparity among schools. The third view, the majority, maintains the belief of the importance of favorite schools and maintains the idea that sending their children to these schools is important to secure a better future. Erasing the label of favorite schools is not an easy endeavor since these schools have created long-lasting positive images in the public landscape. The result of the study will add to the discussion of the impact of the new applied school zone system on public perception of favorite schools and inform policymakers regarding the impact of educational policy enacted.

Tunnel motion: Pupil dilations to optic flow within illusory dark holes.

We showed to the same observers both dynamic and static 2D patterns that can both evoke distinctive perceptions of motion or optic flow, as if moving in a tunnel or into a dark hole. At all times pupil diameters were monitored with an infrared eye tracker. We found a converging set of results indicating stronger pupil dilations to expansive growth of shapes or optic flows evoking a forward motion into a dark tunnel. Multiple regression analyses showed that the pupil responses to the illusory expanding black holes of static patterns were predicted by the individuals' pupil response to optic flows showing spiraling motion or "free fall" into a black hole. Also, individuals' pupil responses to spiraling motion into dark tunnels predicted the individuals' sense of illusory expansion with the static, illusory expanding, dark holes. This correspondence across individuals between their pupil responses to both dynamic and static, illusory expanding, holes suggests that these percepts reflect a common perceptual mechanism, deriving motion from 2D scenes, and that the observers' pupil adjustments reflect the direction and strength of motion they perceive and the expected outcome of an increase in darkness.

강원도·불·강철이 -문화유산으로서 강철이 설화의 가능성-

Kangcheol-i is a legendary monster from the eastern part of Korea, known from the proverb “Wherever Kangcheol-i goes, autumn and spring are also spring.”, and has been recognized as a type of Imugi. However, according to oral traditions, Kangcheol-i appears as a corrupted Imugi in the Yeongnam region, whereas in the Gangwon-do, Kangcheol-i is a monster associated with fire, unrelated to Imugi. The earliest record of Kangcheol-I is found in Jibong Yuseol by Lee Soo-gwang. The oral folktale is centered in the Gangwon-do region, and Gangwon-do tale tends to use the name Kangcheol-i alone. The lore centered on Gangwon-do frequently includes references to “fire.” The difference between the Gangwon-do tales and those of other regions seems to stem from the distinct local perception of fire. There are two main socio-cultural characteristics of the Gangwon-do region. First, the Yeongseo region of Gangwon-do historically practiced slash and burn farming. The form of the rainmaker rituals in the folk tale of Kangcheol-i corresponds to those of “slash-and-burn” agricultural rainmaker rituals. Next is the geographical and climatic characteristics of Gangwon-do. Gangwon-do is a region prone to forest fires, and Yeongseo was a region prone to droughts and forest fires due to its dry climate. With these two backgrounds, steel tales in Gangwon-do tend to be more strongly associated with fire than those in other regions. For slash-and-burn agriculturalists in Gangwon-do would have created a different transmission pattern from other regions. In this way, the story of Kangcheol-i, which shows the regionalism of Gangwon-do in slash-and-burn agriculture and fire, has been passed down until the 21st century, and since it is a story that reflects the lifestyle of the local people, it may have some significance as an intangible cultural heritage.

Money value, risk perception and behavior: evidence from the Brazilian market

PropósitoEsta investigación arroja luz sobre los distintos comportamientos y percepciones en la toma de decisiones relacionadas con el valor atribuido al dinero, descubriendo matices en la interrelación entre la valoración del dinero y su influencia subsiguiente en las percepciones de riesgo y comportamientos relacionados, centrándose principalmente en la educación financiera.Diseño/Metodología/EnfoqueEjecutado en el mercado brasileño, este estudio emplea un enfoque cuantitativo, abarcando a 663 participantes y desplegando metodologías estadísticas integrales, principalmente el Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales basado en varianzas, para escrutar los datos primarios acumulados.ResultadosLas percepciones obtenidas en el estudio revelan un impacto significativo tanto de los Valores Negativos como de los Valores Positivos del Dinero en las decisiones financieras de los participantes, moldeando profundamente percepciones, aceptaciones y respuestas al riesgo. En consecuencia, este estudio subraya el papel fundamental que desempeña el valor percibido del dinero en la formación de comportamientos financieros y en la formulación de estrategias de gestión de riesgos. De manera distintiva, esta investigación enfatiza los valores monetarios intrínsecos, ampliando perspectivas sin precedentes al delinear comportamientos aversivos hacia pérdidas y riesgos y explorar las repercusiones de los valores monetarios negativos y positivos.OriginalidadActúa como una exploración vanguardista, desvelando nuevas perspectivas sobre los enfoques de toma de decisiones financieras anticipadas por parte de los consumidores emergentes y señalando áreas que requieren una exploración y comprensión más profundas dentro del dinámico panorama del mercado de consumidores.

Conceptual masking disrupts change-detection performance.

The present study investigated the effects of long-term knowledge on backward masking interference in visual working memory (VWM) by varying the similarity of mask stimuli along categorical dimensions. To-be-remembered items and masks were taken from categories controlled for perceptual distinctiveness and distinctiveness in kinds (e.g., there are many kinds of cars and few kinds of coffee mugs). Participants completed a change-detection task in which the memory array consisted of exemplars from either a similar or distinctive category, followed by a mask array of items from the same category (conceptually similar versus conceptually distinct categories), a different category, or no mask. The results over two experiments showed greater interference from conceptually similar masks as compared with the other conditions across stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) conditions, suggesting masking with conceptually similar categories leads to more interference even when masks are shown well after the stimulus. These results have important implications for both the nature and time course of long-term conceptual knowledge influencing VWM, particularly when using complex real-world objects.