Perception Of Situation Research Articles

Decision Tree Model-Based Security Situational Awareness Approach for Wireless Communication Networks

Network security situational awareness is gaining increasing attention due to its capability to globally and dynamically detect potential network security risks. However, traditional security situational awareness models often exhibit poor classification performance, resulting in lower-than-expected acceleration and scalability ratios. In this paper, we propose a novel security situational awareness approach for wireless communication networks based on a decision tree model. First, reconfigure the category division module to categorize the attack data into four different types. Then, using time windows to segment the data flow between the network and the host promotes the design of effective security event detection mechanisms in the model. Finally, a comprehensive network security situational awareness model was constructed at the joint level using decision tree algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the acceleration ratio, and the space occupancy ratio can reach 80, indicating that the proposed method can have a high level of processing capability and accurate perception in network security situations, providing a guarantee for the security of wireless communication networks.

Exploring Relevant Features for EEG-Based Investigation of Sound Perception in Naturalistic Soundscapes.

A comprehensive analysis of everyday sound perception can be achieved using electroencephalography (EEG) with the concurrent acquisition of information about the environment. While extensive research has been dedicated to speech perception, the complexities of auditory perception within everyday environments, specifically the types of information and the key features to extract, remain less explored. Our study aims to systematically investigate the relevance of different feature categories: discrete sound-identity markers, general cognitive state information, and acoustic representations, including discrete sound onset, the envelope, and mel-spectrogram. Using continuous data analysis, we contrast different features in terms of their predictive power for unseen data and thus their distinct contributions to explaining neural data. For this, we analyze data from a complex audio-visual motor task using a naturalistic soundscape. The results demonstrated that the feature sets that explain the most neural variability were a combination of highly detailed acoustic features with a comprehensive description of specific sound onsets. Furthermore, it showed that established features can be applied to complex soundscapes. Crucially, the outcome hinged on excluding periods devoid of sound onsets in the analysis in the case of the discrete features. Our study highlights the importance to comprehensively describe the soundscape, using acoustic and non-acoustic aspects, to fully understand the dynamics of sound perception in complex situations. This approach can serve as a foundation for future studies aiming to investigate sound perception in natural settings.

FINANCIAL HARDSHIP IS ASSOCIATED WITH REPEATED STRESSORS AS MEASURED BY STRESSOR DIVERSITY

Abstract Financial hardship supplements traditional measures of socioeconomic status (i.e., education, income) to elucidate how the insufficiency of socioeconomic resources is experienced. Financial hardship may impact health by differentiating exposure to stressors in daily life. This study examined how three domains of financial hardship (i.e., material, behavioral, and psychological) relate to daily stressor concentration (e.g., experiencing many stressors that are all arguments versus fewer stressors spread across arguments, work stress, home overloads). Higher stressor concentration has been associated with poorer health and well-being across adulthood. The present analyses used data from the Midlife in the United States study wave 3 (2016-2020), in which 1,024 participants (ages = 43-90, 57% female) completed 8-day daily diary interviews. Measures of financial hardship include material indicators of poverty, healthcare, and financial aid; psychological perceptions of financial situation; and behaviors including payments, earnings, and spending. Daily stressor concentration was calculated using 1- the Gini diversity index. In a regression model accounting for age, sex, daily stressor exposure, and education, a higher total score of financial hardship was associated with higher stressor concentration (b = 0.07, SE = 0.03, p <.01). This result replicated across material (b = 0.26, SE = 0.09, p <.01) and psychological domains (b = 0.11, SE = 0.04, p <.01) of financial hardship, and the findings were exacerbated with older age (ps <.05). Experiencing repeated stressors in specific domains may be a mechanism by which insufficient economic resources can worsen health outcomes for adults as they age.

Prva habsburško-beneška vojna in dnevnik Leonarda Amasea iz obdobja 1508‒1510

The paper is a contribution to the study of the history of emotions based on Leonardo Amaseo’s extensive and very content-rich diary from between 1508 and 1510, the period of the first Habsburg-Venetian war as part of the Italian wars. Through an in-depth critical reading of the source and by taking into account the author’s perception of the war situation and the threats of war at the time, it is possible to explore emotional aspects at the direct and indirect levels. The author’s constant attention to the outbreak, escalation, or pacification of the conflict is expressed, reflecting his deep concern or fear of war and its aftermath, as well as his persistent hope for peace.

Psychological characteristics of the microsocial environment as predictors of remission among patients with depressive and anxiety neurotic disorders

The wide representation among the Russian population of depressive and anxiety disorders, manifested both in the form of independent nosological forms and in the form of comorbid conditions, determines the importance of studying the factors that determine their etiopathogenesis. The patient’ microsocial environment is traditionally considered as a significant predictor, largely determining the course of depressive and anxiety disorders. At the same time, there is a lack of studies revealing the ratio of the psychological content of relatives’ experiences with the severity of symptoms and clinical dynamics of the patient’s condition.The aim of the study was to determine the value of the psychological characteristics of the microsocial environment of patients with depressive and anxiety disorders for predicting the clinical dynamics of their condition during inpatient treatment and in catamnesis (six months after discharge). Based on the investigation of 50 patients (17 men, 33 women, average age 27.81 [SD = 9.96] years) and 50 relatives (16 men, 34 women, average age 48.04 [SD = 11.45] years), it was shown that the nature of the relationship to the disease of a loved one and the perception of family situation by relative are interrelated with indicators reflecting the dynamics of patients’ remission. In particular, emotional support from a loved one contributes to the of the patient’s is improvement at the inpatient treatment phase. And the presence of understandable family rules, orderliness, hierarchical relationships, as well as attention to moral aspects in the family contributes to the stabilizatioin of remission in a delayed perspective.The data obtained indicate the importance of a systematic approach in the psychotherapy of depressive and anxiety disorders, taking into account both the individual psychological characteristics of patients and the characteristics of their microsocial environment.

Distinctions Without Differences?

Abstract: The interplay between persons and situations is central to psychology, and there has been a recent increase in research on psychological situation characteristics. One key issue in situation research concerns the distinction between consensual situation perceptions and subjective situation construal. We examined for the first time whether different instructions can be used to shift the degree to which situation characteristic ratings reflect consensual (i.e., shared) versus subjective perceptions. N = 631 participants were randomly assigned to one of three instructions: standard (unspecified), personal (how participants personally perceive a situation), and consensual (how participants think most other people perceive a situation). Each participant rated 31 of 62 standardized situation stimuli (pictures of everyday life situations) on the DIAMONDS situation characteristics. Using Bayesian multilevel models, we found that (1) instructions did not affect inter-rater agreement, although residual variation was somewhat higher in the personal instruction; (2) averages of ratings did not differ across instructions; and (3) Big Five traits had significant but small effects on situation characteristic ratings, which did not differ across instructions. Our findings highlight that situation characteristic ratings behave very similarly across instructions, and we discuss conceptual and practical implications.

Sensory encounters with landscapes – atmospheres and the social construction of landscapes

This article links atmospheres with the social construction of landscapes. The examination of the social construction of landscapes is an important research perspective, especially in German-speaking geographical landscape research. However, the sensory encounter with landscapes as a moment in the construction of conceptions of landscape has so far been ignored. Nor has research on atmosphere yet systematically addressed the question of how the experience of atmospheres can be linked to the social construction of spaces. In a conceptual argumentation, this article shows two ways in which atmospheres can be relevant to the individual construction of landscape. On the one hand, the conscious experience of atmospheres is emphasised as a moment in which atmospheres can flow into constructions of landscape. On the other hand, it shows how atmospheres as a background phenomenon can influence situated perception and thus individual constructions of landscapes.

Research on Security Situation Assessment and Prediction Model of Network System in Deep Learning Environment

With the development of the Internet, the network environment is increasingly complex, and the problem of network security is increasingly serious. Traditional passive network security technology has been unable to meet people’s current security needs, in this context, network security situation awareness arises at the historic moment. NSSA technology makes the traditional passive security into active security, from the analysis of unilateral elements to the analysis of the overall security. As key technology of situation perception, security situation assessment and prediction can evaluate and predict the network security situation at the overall level, help network security managers understand the overall network security changes and take protective measures in advance when predicting the dangerous state, which has important research significance. This paper mainly studies the situation assessment and prediction technology of network security, and puts forward the improved model and algorithm, which improves accuracy of situation assessment and prediction results. Prediction accuracy reaches 97.86%, and the efficiency of the situation assessment reaches 98.22%.

Which diversity factors influence the attribution of competences and co-operation in nursing teams?

Abstract Background Diversity within nursing teams increases due to staff shortages in Germany, nurse migration and the current academization of the profession. Quality of patient care is associated with intraprofessional teamwork. Little is known about how nurse’s own diversity factors and those of team members impact nurse’s perception and behavior in team situations. Methods A quasi-experimental, cross-sectional study with a factorial online survey with fictional case studies (vignettes) was conducted in two German hospital operators in 2023. Nurses of legal age working in hospitals or nursing homes were eligible to participate. Associations of diversity factors, i.e., gender, age, migration background, and qualification, on the participant and vignette level on perceived competences and willingness to cooperate were preliminary analyzed via multi-level fixed effects models in SPSS. Results N = 684 nurses participated (76% female; mean age: 44.2 years; 88% born in Germany; 75% completed vocational training). Competency of team members in patient’s personal hygiene was rated higher by respondents born in Germany (.36), when fictional colleagues were of middle age (.06) compared to higher age and were from Germany (.22) or France (.08) compared to China. Competency in inserting infusions was rated higher by respondents born in Germany (.56), when fictional colleagues were from Germany (.29) or France (.20) compared to China and when one worked together for months compared to days (-.39). Willingness to swap shifts was affected by the fictional length of collaboration (-.08). All significance levels were p<.02. Conclusions How nurses perceive their colleagues’ competences is mainly influenced by their own and the other’s migration background, while willingness to cooperate is only affected by length of collaboration. Improving the onboarding process of new nurses in teams, and providing the time and space for professional exchange might improve mutual trust and teamwork. Key messages • Diversity in German nursing teams increases due to nurse migration and plurality of qualifications. • Facilitating professional exchange about individual competences might improve team work in nurses.

Consistency in Subjective Judgments of Service Vehicle Type Based On Vehicle and Flashing Light Colors

The present study focused on the consistency in perceiving the intended function of a simulated service vehicle when its color, the color of its flashing lights, and its flashing light pattern varied. Tests were conducted during the day and at night. Participants driving along a test track were presented with a red or yellow vehicle equipped with either red or yellow flashing lights. Although driving speed differed only between ambient lighting conditions (daytime and nighttime), consistency in the participants’ perceptions of the simulated situation (emergency or nonemergency) was higher when the color of the vehicle was the same as the flashing lights. Ambient lighting conditions also significantly influenced participants’ judgments of each situation because the color of the vehicle was more apparent during the day than during the night with only headlight illumination on the vehicle. The flash pattern (faster or slower) had a negligible impact on participants’ perception of the simulated situation. These results reinforce previous findings that coordinating the colors of the flashing lights and the vehicle better informs drivers about the situations they encounter along the road, improving the safety of emergency responders and other service workers.

Критериальное поле и диагностические инструменты определения эмоционального благополучия детей дошкольного возраста в семье и образовательной организации

<p>The article is devoted to the important problem of identification of the emotional well-being of preschool children in the family and educational organization. Basing on the analysis of existing approaches to this problem in Russian psychological and pedagogical science, the authors have identified the criteria field of the concept of "emotional well-being", which is a complex level structure of interrelated criteria and indicators: emotional background (manifestation of emotions), the ability to control emotions (emotional stability) and emotional perception of situations (emotional attitude to situations and events). Such manifestations in the behavior and activities of a child, depending on the conditions of his life in a family or educational organization, are negative or positive. The complexity of the concept of "emotional well-being" and the criteria field of its identification in childhood requires an integrated approach to the development of diagnostic tools. The authors announced a developed set of diagnostic tools, which includes methods that allow to record external indicators of the emotional state of a child, to identify the child's internal emotional attitude to current or predicted events, as well as to obtain an external indirect assessment of the child's subjective state and the child's subjective attitude to situations in the family and educational organization. It is noted that the announced methods can be used in the practice of preschool education in order to support psychological and pedagogical development of preschool children including various target groups, as well as in the targeted psychological assistance of families with preschool children.</p>

„Naprosté vzdálení“ u Jindřicha Chalupeckého

Jindřich Chalupecký (1910–1990) made a name for himself in the second half of the 20th century not only by popularising foreign artistic tendencies in Czechoslovakia, but also by his specific idea of the position of Czech (and to a lesser extent Slovak) art in the world. This conception was not solely prompted by the specific cultural situation during the period of state socialism, but can be found already in Chalupecký’s early texts. In the 1930s, as a young critic, he reflected on the relationship between the local and international avant-garde. In the second half of the 1940s, i.e. during the period of the so-called Third Republic, he became involved in the contemporary debate on the East-West relationship. The synthesis of both themes contributed to Chalupecký’s later (unrealistic) belief in the unique position of Czech art in a global context. Chalupecký’s conception of the place of Czech art in the world was not based on an ideologized opposition to the socialist state, but rather on a geographically conditioned perception of the cultural situation in Central Europe. It can also be seen as an early and very distinctive variant of later discussions on the relationship between cultural centres and peripheries.

A Study of Psychological Features in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

There is a lack of multidisciplinary studies examining the link between psychological factors and glycemic control in individuals with chronic illnesses. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between psychological factors such as resilience, perceived stress, emotional regulation, aggressiveness, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, the study seeks to determine the predictive value of perceived stress and resilience on HbA1c levels and to explore the role of anger expression and emotion regulation strategies in glycemic control, comparing diabetic patients to healthy controls. The study was conducted between November 2021 and November 2023 at the Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases at the St. George University Hospital, Bulgaria, and the Department of Science and Research at the Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Of these 84 individuals were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, divided into two groups of 42 individuals each, who had poor and fair glycated hemoglobin. The third group was a healthy control consisting of 42 individuals in the same age group who had no established chronic diseases. When comparing the study groups on HbA1c and individual psychological characteristics, there were statistically significant differences in resilience, perceived stress, emotion regulation suppression, and anger expression. When comparing the mean values of mental resilience with glycated hemoglobin levels, we find that there are statistically significantly higher mean values between the poor HbA1c control and the healthy group. From the regression analysis, we conclude that the psychological characteristics positively associated with perceived stress (β=0.502; p<0.001) and inversely associated with mental resilience (β=-0.359; p<0.001) are the most predictive. Less influential was the straight correlation with emotion regulation-expressive inhibition (β=0.226; p<0.05), the positive correlation with anger (β=0.170; p<0.001), and general aggressiveness (β=0.151; p<0.05). From the present study, we note that glycated hemoglobin level is strongly influenced by two psychological predictors, namely subjective perception of stressful situations and resilience level.

Existential injustice in phenomenological psychopathology

ABSTRACT In this article, we investigate how distressing background feelings can be subject to social injustice. We define background feelings as enduring feeling states that condition our perceptions of everyday situations, interpersonal dynamics, and the broader social milieu. While phenomenological psychopathology has long addressed such affective phenomena, including anxiety, guilt, and feelings of not belonging, the intersection with social injustice remains largely unexplored within the framework. To address this gap, we introduce the concept of existential injustice into phenomenological psychopathology. Existential injustice pertains to the unjust formation, perpetuation, and treatment of background feelings. We contend that distressing alterations in these feeling states can stem from, or be perpetuated by, unjust social structures and practices. Existential injustice manifests as a felt inadequacy of one’s background feelings, reflecting broader societal disparities and inequities. Drawing on themes from social psychiatry, we illustrate the utility and explanatory power of the concept through two concrete examples. By shedding light on the ways in which societal dynamics shape distressing affective experiences our analysis underscores the importance of integrating aspects of social injustice into the study of affective phenomena in phenomenological psychopathology.

Predicting Health Misperceptions: The Role of eHealth Literacy and Situational Perceptions

ABSTRACT This study sought to understand how health misperceptions develop among individuals after exposure to misinformation messages, and how eHealth literacy and situational motivation in problem solving are associated with the negative effects of misinformation exposure. We also sought to understand the differentiated effects of misinformation exposure on the four misinformation-susceptible publics. Results from two studies revealed that situational motivation was positively associated with the formation of misperceptions after misinformation exposure as well as individuals’ likelihood of amplifying the misinformation message. However, eHealth literacy does not reduce misperceptions, as had been hypothesized. In fact, eHealth literacy was not significantly associated with misperceptions or with misinformation amplification likelihood. Results also provide support for the typology of misinformation-susceptible publics as misinformation-amplifying publics were the most susceptible to misinformation messages.

Analysis about radiation risk perception among university students from San Carlos de Bariloche and radiological protection experts from Argentina

Radiation risk perception must be studied by communication and radiological protection specialists, taking account of engineering, social and cultural variables. An anonymous and voluntary survey was peformed to enquire about the radiation risk perception among university students and radiological protection experts from Argentina, and to become aware of how it is perceived compared to other health risks. A fifteen-question dedicated questionnaire was designed including socio-demographic variables and questions about work environment, risk perception and risk communication. A five-point Likert-type scale was used for most of the questions. Surveyed people were asked to compare radiological risks in medicine with other risks (i.e.: smoking, sports, leisure activities, stress). The research involved 10 (38.5%) experts, 25 (45%) physics and engineering students and 40 (100%) bio-images production bachelor students. The results were analysed based on the professional or academic background. Although participants considered the radiation exposure in medicine as a low-risk activity, the results showed a disagreement about the radiation risk perception in particular situations (i.e.: living near a nuclear power plant, training in radiological protection while at college) and about radiation risk communication strategies. There is neither right nor wrong risk perception; however, a lot of work must be done to build an agreement between radiological risk perception and risk assessment due to radiation exposure in medicine. It should include working on the design of public policies focused on radiological protection training for health staff and clinical research training for medical physicists and radiological protection specialists, while strengthening communication skills and channels.

Antecedents of physical sickness presenteeism during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Physical sickness presenteeism––the behaviour of going to work despite being ill––constitutes a threat to organizations because it puts the health of their members at risk. Herein, we shed light on potential antecedents of physical sickness presenteeism during COVID-19. Specifically, we test several pre-registered hypotheses suggesting relations of (inter-individual) personality dimensions (e.g. Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Empathy) and COVID-19-related situational perceptions (e.g. Perceived Risk, Trust in Government) with physical sickness presenteeism. To test our hypotheses, we use both panel (N = 660) and cross-sectional (N = 1,959) survey data collected between mid-2020 and early 2021 in Denmark. Results from logistic random effects regression analyses show that individuals with higher levels of Emotionality engaged more often in physical sickness presenteeism. Further, individuals with higher levels of Honesty-Humility engaged less often in physical sickness presenteeism in times with COVID-19-related workplace restrictions. In general, the findings provide insights into what organizations and policy makers should focus on in order to mitigate physical sickness presenteeism in pandemic times.

Affective evaluation and exposure perception of everyday mobile phone usage situations.

To understand citizens' reactions to the 5G rollout, their affective reaction and perception of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) exposure are of interest. Although precursor studies on 2G-4G have investigated exposure perception mostly quantitatively, the present study applied a qualitative exploratory approach. A number of 35 individual interviews and 6 focus groups with the same participants were conducted in December 2022. Participants were recruited from several locations in Germany, where 5G rollout was at different stages. Interactive tasks, particularly an affective evaluation task and a ranking task, encouraged participants to consider their affect regarding mobile communications and their exposure perception. This approach allowed the participants to first engage with the topic of mobile communications/5G in an intuitive way, before talking about their specific beliefs on RF-EMF exposure. Several pictures showing a person (1) interacting with a mobile phone, (2) surrounded by other peoples' mobile phones, or (3) in the vicinity of mobile phone base stations (antennas) were used as stimulus materials. Data were analyzed using an exploratory content analysis. In the affective evaluation task participants revealed more negative associations with base stations than with mobile phones. The analysis showed that the reasons for their evaluation were very diverse, whereby exposure to RF-EMF only played a subordinate role. Further, the ranking task indicated that most participants (n=20) felt more exposed from base stations than from mobile devices. Results are mostly in-line with the literature on 2G-4G and do not indicate a substantially different exposure perception for 5G.

Psychological Resources of Resilience in a Crisis Situation: Transformations of the Value-semantic Sphere of Students Living in a Zone of Local Military Conflict

This article substantiates the impact of the crisis situation on the actualization and development of personal resources and coping with a difficult life situation. Using the example of students living in a local military conflict zone, it is shown that value-semantic resources (psychological resources of stability) in a crisis situation can transform and manifest themselves at the level of reducing the level of meaningfulness of life, value basis and existential fulfillment of life, reducing the degree of emotional response to current events. A crisis situation for a person, on the one hand, can become a source of disintegration in the perception of events of the past, present and future; loss of meaningfulness of life and devaluation of past experience; on the other hand, it can result in subjective well–being if a person works with a psychoemotional state (that includes working with fear and anxiety; perception of a difficult life situation as a challenge and finding new ones personal meanings); works with goals (building an image of the future in the short term), and if a person is rethinking and updating new personal meanings. According to the results of our research, goal-setting and building an image of the future are interrelated with the ability of the subject to be more open to emotional experiences, to show willingness to work with negative emotions (the “Self-Transcendence” scale); to actualize his personal potential (the “Personality” scale). The following empirical methods were used: Test of life-meaning orientations. SJO (J. Crumbo, L. Maholik in adaptation by D. A. Leontyev); Test of research into the real structure of a person’s value orientations (S.S. Bubnova); Methodology for diagnosing the subjective well-being of an individual (Shamionov R.M., Beskova T.V.); «The scale of existence» (Existenzskala) by A. Langle and K. Orgler (adapted by I. N. Mainina and A. Yu. Vasanov).

Sociopsychological aspects of adaptation of Foreign Students in the conditions of Educational Migration

Introduction. In modern society, the issues of social adaptation of students in higher education institutions are becoming more and more relevant and significant. Entering the environment of a higher education institution is a complex and multifaceted process that requires students to adapt to new conditions. That is why the study of socio-psychological aspects of adaptation of foreign students in Russian universities is an important direction for the scientific field. In the framework of our study we considered theoretical aspects of social adaptation of international students, the problems they have to face, as well as students’ attitudes towards their studies and chosen specialty.Objective. Analyze the sociopsychological aspects of adaptation of foreign students in the conditions of educational migration.Materials and Methods. In this study, a survey method was applied: questionnaires and interviews. During the application of the stated methods, it is possible to identify the personal characteristics of educational migrants, to familiarize with the specifics of perception of difficult life situations by young people prone to experience, and to obtain information about the general satisfaction and dissatisfaction of educational migrants with educational activities and self-assessments of their performance in the course of social adaptation.Results. The study involved 136 international students aged 18–25 years. During the course of the study, data on the prevalence of various barriers in the adaptation process were obtained by the survey method. They show that the greatest significance and difficulty for foreign students were first of all the problems related to language communication, the lack of knowledge of the Russian language. Accordingly, it involved the formation of problems with studies and worries related to the realization and well-being. Insufficient preparation of students for new conditions of the educational process can lead to stress, disorientation, and low motivation.Discussion. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that sociopsychological aspects play an important role in the adaptation of educational migrants to new conditions and culture, which requires special attention and support from educational and social institutions.