Corruption Perception Research Articles

Pengaruh Foreign Direct Investment, Inflasi, dan Pengangguran terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan dengan Corruption Perception Index sebagai Variabel Moderasi

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), inflation, and unemployment on income inequality with the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) as a moderating variable for the 2012-2021 period in eight developed countries. Hypothesis testing using MRA regression. This study took secondary data from The World Bank and Transparency International (TI), in this study using 80 samples obtained from 8 countries consisting of Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Turkey. The results of the study show that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has a significant negative effect on income inequality and unemployment has a significant positive effect on income inequality while inflation has no effect on income inequality. In addition, the moderating variable used, namely the Corruption Perception Index (CPI), proved unable to moderate the three independent variables used in this study. The main contribution of this research is that it can provide good indicators for decision-makers in developing countries in terms of increasing FDI, increasing employment, overcoming inflation, and reducing the level of corruption so that later it can help prevent income inequality in developing countries.

Foreign Direct Investment and Corruption Perseption Index in Asean-5 Countries

This study's goal is to examine the connection between foreign direct investment (FDI) and Corruption Perception Index (CPI) in ASEAN-5 including the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, during the period 2001-2019. Furthermore, we examine the link between FDI and macroeconomics variables, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Interest Rates. Panel data with a fixed effect model (FEM) are used in this investigation to examine the relationship between variables. The findings of this investigation suggest that the corruption perception index and gross domestic product have an impact on foreign direct investment that is both positive and significant. Meanwhile, foreign direct investment is significantly and negatively impacted by interest rates.

PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION CRIMES THROUGH THE CORRUPTION-FREE AREA INTEGRITY ZONE PROGRAM AT STATE OFFICES AND INSTITUTIONS

Written between The increase in corruption cases that occurred in Indonesia released by Transparency International Indonesia (TII) increased the achievement of scores on the Corruption Perception Index (CPI). Although the increase is not significant, corruption is an extraordinary crime. The commitment to realizing corruption prevention are through an Integrity Zone (ZI) development in an integrated and planned corruption-free area. This study aims to analyze the prevention of criminal acts of corruption through the ZI corruption-free area program in state offices and institutions. 1. How is the implementation of corruption-free area integrity zones in state offices and institutions in preventing corruption in Indonesia? 2. What are the obstacles to the implementation of the corruption-free area integrity zone program in preventing corruption in state offices and institutions? This study uses normative research methods. The results of the study can be concluded that in the implementation of integrity zones towards corruption-free areas two types of components must be built in predetermined work units, namely lever components and outcome components where each component is interconnected and component development indicators through ZI Design, Development ZI, Proposal, Review, Determination. Corrupt actions will not just disappear without awareness of the moral behavior itself within the authority, power, and position it holds as an integrity pact. Integrity pact as a commitment must be carried out consistently and the need for maximum socialization is known to the general public so that the community can participate in implementing the ZI development program and not only limited to disseminating related information only to designated agencies/units.

Did pandemic responses trigger corruption in public procurement? Comparing Italy and Germany

ABSTRACT Public procurement is crucial for effective crisis responses, but is also prone to corruption. To ensure a swift provision of medical supplies in the COVID-19 pandemic, the public procurement regulations were dramatically relaxed. However, the implications for corruption require attention. This paper analyses how the regulatory responses to the crisis affected the risks and perceptions of corruption, by changing public-private interactions and the regulatory environment for public procurement. We compare the contrasting cases of Italy and Germany and triangulate legal analyses, secondary contract and survey data, and an online survey of public administrations (N = 445) and businesses (N = 175). Unexpectedly, in both countries, objective risks of corruption increased similarly. Sector-specific corruption perceptions stem from a low competitiveness of procedures, rule ambiguity, and a politicised bureaucracy. To avoid wasting resources and losing trust, regulatory responses to the crisis should include clear rules that safeguard competitive public procurement procedures and preserve bureaucratic independence.

Making the best of bad data: A longitudinal analysis of elephant poaching in Africa from 2002 to 2018

The issue of bad data and the potential misinterpretation of that data is becoming part of a growing debate within the wildlife conservation field. However, research on this topic has been limited compared to other fields. Therefore, to overcome these issues, this study followed an inductive data-driven approach using mixed-effects longitudinal methods for count-based data. This study adds to this growing debate by attempting to discern the potential causes of elephant poaching in African countries utilizing potentially unreliable data. Because wildlife crime is a societal problem, this study measured the probability of a wildlife reserve reporting illegally killed elephants found on MIKE (monitoring of illegally killed elephants) sites, given country-level factors—such as the amount of gross domestic product (GDP), the rate of urbanization, the total percentage of forest area in a country, and the perception of corruption in the country—and wildlife reserve-level factors, such as the size of the MIKE sites and the population estimates for the number of elephants within these MIKE sites. This study also looked at other controlling factors, such as misreporting information, the reliability of reporting information, and the international effect on elephant poaching. As a result, this study found that several factors attributing to economic demand, urbanization, corruption in the country, and the elephant population size on a designated MIKE site contributed to the odds of elephants being reported as having been illegally killed despite issues with reporting, international pressure, and efforts to crack down on corruption in end-market countries like China.

The impact of corruption on investment and financing in the European Union: new insights

Corruption is a phenomenon that is not just restricted to less developed nations, but also touches developed countries like those in the European Union, often seen as one of the least corrupt economic areas in the world. Corruption practices and perceptions can seriously hinder economic growth and innovation, This can be due to lower access to corporate funding, greater cost of capital, its effects on competition, misallocation of resources, and distortions in the composition of public spending and the effectiveness of government policies. This paper first provides a short discussion and an overview of some academic literature on the link between corruption, financing decisions and economic growth. It then summarizes the findings of the five papers in this special issue on the topic of Corruption in a European context, discusses some insights from their results and finally points out at some avenues for future research in related topics.

Supporting the Fight against Corruption in Nigeria through the Whistle Blower Policy: Challenges and Prospects

This paper examined the impact of the whistle blower policy since its inception in Nigeria. It analysed the concept of corruption and corruption perception index ranking of Nigeria by Transparency International. The paper identified the challenges of whistle blower policy in Nigeria to include the negative effect of the policy on the whistle blower, such as; victimization, witch hunting, retaliation, denial of related benefits, recrimination, suspension from work, outright dismissal from service by the employer and lack of sufficient laws to protect the whistle blower .The paper looked at the whistle blower policy as a step in the right direction towards fighting corruption in Nigeria. To this end, the paper recommended, among others, that the whistle blower protection bill should be signed into law and be adequately enforced, while other enabling laws aimed at fighting corruption should be strengthened. This will make the cost of corruption greater than the benefit as culprits would be made to face the wrath of the law no matter who is involved.

An environmental assessment of the impacts of corruption, foreign investment inflow and trade liberalization in the rapidly emerging Malaysian Economy.

In the wake of various catastrophic consequences of climate change, Malaysia, a rapidly developing economy, is also inevitably experiencing environmental degradation that merits prompt and serious attention from policymakers and its government. Hence, this study simultaneously highlights the short and long-run dynamic connections between carbon emission in Malaysia and the trio of corruption levels, foreign investment inflow, and trade liberalization. The study also controls for a combination of other factors including energy use, GDP, and urbanization. A robust empirical analysis was conducted on time series observations for the country based on the recent Dynamic ARDL simulation. It was observed that Malaysia's per capita pollution levels significantly reduces based on the corruption perception levels during the sampling period while the economic expansion's effect on emission levels is positive. Additionally, urbanization, trade levels and energy use all aggravate the emission levels. On the other hand, although FDI poses an insignificant environmental damage in the short run, its environmental sustainability enhancement roles were supported by its long-run negative impacts on carbon emission. Lastly, the EKC was established and as such, essential policy directions were provided for stakeholders in the rapidly emerging Malaysian economy.

What factors are associated with public corruption perception? Evidence from Canada

Purpose Corruption perception is essential to study because it can shape people’s attitudes toward the government. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to address this key question: what factors are associated with a non-expert’s judgment of whether Canada is corrupt? Design/methodology/approach This study uses the World Value Survey conducted in Canada in October 2020. This survey is based on a nationally representative sample of a cross-section of adult Canadian residents, including Canadian citizens and permanent residents and those who are neither Canadian citizens nor permanent residents. Findings Based on this study, some conclusions can be made. First, people accessing corruption news from the traditional news media are less likely than those receiving information from the new media to perceive the state (in this case, Canada) as corrupt. Second, people who have less confidence in public institutions are more likely to perceive a country as corrupt. Third, people who participate in electoral and non-electoral forms of political participation are more likely to perceive the state and its public officials as corrupt. Fourth, regardless of which political party is in power, individuals who lean right politically are more likely than those on the left to perceive the state as corrupt. Finally, immigrants are less likely than those born in Canada to perceive the state as corrupt. This work enriches the literature on the substantive understanding of the factors associated with corruption perception. Originality/value Studies investigating factors associated with public perception of corruption tend to focus on developing countries. The current study contributes to filling this gap in knowledge by examining correlates of corruption perception in Canada. As a result, this study contributes to the literature on factors associated with corruption perception, especially in the developed country context.

Beliefs in the attributes of success in life and bribery in post-communist European countries

ABSTRACT This article examines the influence of internal and external beliefs about the attribution of success in life on perceptions of corruption and corrupt behaviour. Using individual-level data from the Life in Transition Survey III for 21 former communist European countries, the results show that, on the one hand, beliefs that success in life is achieved eminently through effort and hard work and through intelligence, skills and competences reduce both the likelihood of perceiving corruption and acting corruptly. On the other hand, external attributes of life success achieved through political connections and breaking the law are associated with higher perceptions of corruption and bribery-related behaviour. These findings highlight the significant positive role of personal effort (rather than any help from unfair sources) and meritocracy in achieving success in life on the assessment of perceptions of corruption and corrupt behaviour in former communist European societies.

Korupcija kao poticaj za iseljavanje iz Hrvatske

This paper represents an initial step in testing the correlation between corruption and state capture on the one side and emigration as a consequence on the other. The study is based on our qualitative and quantitative research conducted in Germany on a sample of 1734 recently emigrated Croatians from 2016 to 2020 and on our new research on corruption and clientelism as a push factor for emigration from Croatia. The primary hypothesis is that migration and corruption trends are correlated and that with the growth of the emigration of young workers from Croatia, the corruption rate in the country increases even more. The second part of the research was conducted on a sample of small, medium and large companies throughout Croatia. Requests to participate were sent to 2500 companies in all Croatian counties, and 178 companies responded. The questions intended to assess so-called “state capture” in Croatia according to a concept developed by Hellman et al. (2000). We measured the capture of the judiciary, the executive and the legislature in the Republic of Croatia and the perception of bribery, corruption and clientelism in companies. Results: nepotism 71%, bribery 66%, rigging public tenders 93% significantly disrupt business. Companies rate the Government, Parliament and the judiciary as the worst public services. As many as 59% of companies believe that the Croatian judiciary is corrupt. Among the measures that companies unconditionally support are the revision of transformation and privatisation (82%) and the examination of the origin of assets (76%). The study results undoubtedly show that Croatia is even more corrupt today (2022) than it was as a non-EU member. The opening of borders has certainly facilitated emigration from Croatia, but this paper shows that emigration would not be so intense if the state and the society were not “captured”.

Do the Reduction of Traditional Energy Consumption and the Acceleration of the Energy Transition Bring Economic Benefits to South America?

By considering a panel dataset between 1995 and 2019 including several countries in South America and methodologically using the fixed effect and GMM methods in first differences, the authors sought to empirically determine the relationship between traditional energy consumption, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth. The results show that the two main variables studied (fossil energy consumption and renewable energy consumption) are statistically significant and contribute to economic growth per capita in all nine South American countries studied. Furthermore, it should be noted that this significance persists in the four models discussed in this study, demonstrating a link between the positive economic impact of reducing traditional energy consumption and increasing renewable energy consumption in the South American countries studied. This article also contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the fundamental role of gross capital formation, labor force participation, and tertiary school enrollment in the economic growth of these countries. Two rather small effects on the aforementioned growth are the corruption perception index and domestic lending to the private sector by banks. This paper calls on policymakers to reconsider increasing energy production using renewable sources and to promote measures for its consumption.

Need of Machine Learning to Predict Happiness: A Systematic Review

Happiness is a current important subject of study in psychology and social science because it affects people's day-to-day lives, thoughts and feelings, work habits, and interactions with society and family. There are a number of challenges in Computer Science and Machine Learning to predict happiness index using prediction techniques. This study presents a systematic review using PRISMA style for happiness prediction. During the Literature survey, it was found that many predictive models whether statistical or Machine Learning was designed to predict happiness index but a major emphasis on research remains focused on the factors that are listed in World Happiness Report, i.e., real Gross Domestic Product per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom to make life choices, generosity and perceptions of corruption. The factor influencing happiness varies due to personal differences, age group and location variation. According to Gallup Poll, the general annual sample for each country is 1,000 people i.e., approximately 0.007% population participated in happiness index measurement. The purpose of this study is to discover and describe new factors related to psychology like stress and emotions, location-based and age group. It is observed that there is a requirement to develop a Machine Learning predictive model which works on psychological factors like mental health, depression, stress, physical well-being, safety, leisure time available, and suicidal ideation in addition to economic factors used in World Happiness Index and by targeting a large sample size of populations.

Anti-corruption policy of Ukraine in the context of war

The article examines the peculiarities of national anti-corruption policy in the light of European integration processes, civil society development and full-scale war.
 It is noted that the negative impact of corruption is additionally manifested in the decline of the authority of the country, state authorities, moral values ​in society, it causes the penetration of a criminal component into state-management and social relations, as well as undermines the economic and political foundations of the state, blocks the inflow of foreign investments, which leads to shadowing of the economy.
 The concept of the index of perception of corruption and anti-corruption policy, its normative basis and institutional support are characterized. Comprehensive approaches to the development and implementation of changes to reduce the level of corruption in certain spheres of the state's life have been analyzed. The key shortcomings of the modern anti-corruption policy are outlined.It is substantiated that the important conditions for preserving the sovereignty of the state and restoring its territorial integrity are the proper armed repulsion of the invaders' encroachments, the provision of socio-economic foundations and political stability in the country. In these conditions, combating corruption continues to be a priority area of ​state policy and requires the state leadership to implement further radical anti-corruption measures in the state administration system. It has been proven that, along with repelling military aggression, the fight against corruption should be an equally urgent priority for all state authorities todayIt is emphasized that the issue of preventing and countering corruption, the formation of anti-corruption state policy does not lose its relevance neither during martial law nor in the post-war period. It was noted that Ukraine shows significant changes in this regard, despite the fact that almost all the resources of the state and society are now directed to the protection against unprovoked military aggression of the Russian Federation.Ways of improving the methodology of development and implementation of anti-corruption policy, taking into account the corruption perception index, are proposed.

Exploring stakeholder perceptions of tax reform failures and their proposed solutions: a developing country perspective

PurposeThis study aims to examine why tax reforms fail and explores how tax collection can be improved within a developing country context.Design/methodology/approachData comprise 28 semi-structured interviews with taxpayers, tax experts and tax authority personnel based in Pakistan. The results are analysed using a combined lens of taxpayer trust and tax agencies’ capabilities.FindingsTax reforms failed to build taxpayers’ trust and tax agencies’ capabilities. Building trust is challenging and demands extensive ongoing engagement with taxpayers while yielding gradual permanent results. This requires enhancing confidence in government; educating taxpayers; removing complexities; introducing transparency and accountability in tax agencies’ operations and the tax system; promoting procedural and distributive justice; and reversing perceptions of corruption through reconciliation and stakeholder inclusivity. Developing tax agencies’ capabilities requires upgrading outdated technologies, systems and processes; implementing governance and organisational reforms; introducing an oversight board; and recruiting and training skilled professionals.Practical implicationsThe findings can assist policymakers and tax collection authorities in understanding why tax reforms fail and identifying potential solutions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the emerging literature by exploring tax administration failures in developing countries. It contributes to the literature by engaging stakeholders to understand why reforms fail and potential solutions to stimulate tax revenues.

Modeling the impact of macroeconomic indicators on the Corruption Perceptions Index: Example of Ukraine, Bulgaria, and Georgia

AbstractThis article is devoted to the analysis of corruption problems in Central and Eastern European countries. As it is difficult to measure the volume of corruption, this article makes use of the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) from Transparency International as the main indicator of corruption levels in countries. Three countries – Ukraine, Bulgaria, and Georgia – are taken as examples, and by using macroeconomic modeling, which macroeconomic factors determine the rank of the state in the Corruption Perceptions Index on the basis of data analysis from 1998 to 2019 was researched. The Corruption Perceptions Index is taken as the dependent variable, and a plurality of factor characteristics includes general macroeconomic variables such as consumption, healthcare, taxes, foreign investment, and so on. The results of the calculations determine which macro indicators should be given attention to not only to reduce the level of corruption in the public sector, but also to increase the country’s position in the CPI. In addition, a system for preventing and fighting corruption is proposed, indicating anti‐corruption measures, expected results, and identifying certain components of this system’s functioning quality.

THE ROLE OF RELIGION AS A STRENGTHENING OF THE INTEGRITY OF THE STATE CIVIL APPARATUS (ASN) IN ERADICING CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA

Background of this research is declined of Indonesia rank at Global Corruption Perception Index. There is a data that shown how Public Servant Procurement highest coruppted on public sector level. So, it must be an ethic on governance. Theories that be used as guidance are according from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which is focus on three infrastructur Guidance, Control, and Management. Research methode that used is descriptive qualitative. Approaching by literature study from government and other resources that relevant. The result that revelead of religion value not yet implemented. Therefore, strenghten of public servant integrity before nation ideology.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ АНТИКОРРУПЦИОННОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ У СТУДЕНТОВ АНГАРСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА

The article discusses measures aimed at the formation of anti-corruption competence of students. The directions of work on the prevention of corruption in the country's universities are summarized and listed. The practice of anti-corruption work among students at the Angarsk State Technical University is given. It is concluded that it is necessary to carry out a set of measures aimed at strengthening the perception of corruption as a negative social phenomenon by the student youth. It is proved that the goal of the higher school system in the Russian Federation in modern conditions is to graduate students with their own open, pronounced civic position, with a developed rejection and aversion to corruption

Can we decrease unethical behavior at work? The role of ethical culture, ethical culture strength and collective moral identity

AbstractPast research suggests that ethical culture and moral identity impact ethical behavior in organizations. However, research has yet to consider if collective moral identity interacts with ethical culture to predict ethical behavior and how ethical culture strength has a role in this relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of ethical culture, ethical culture strength, and collective moral identity with unit-level observed unethical behavior and unethical pro-organizational behavior while examining their moderating effects. We test our model with 1942 employees from 96 units of ten organizations and within-unit agreement was estimated for all variables. Our findings point out that ethical culture, and ethical culture strength have a strong association on unethical behavior, but that collective moral identity has no association. We discuss implications regarding the influence of collective moral identity on societies where the perception of corruption is high.

Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Melalui Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Motivasi Wajib Pajak, dan Persepsi Korupsi

This study aims to examine the effect of taxpayer motivation and perceptions of tax corruption on taxpayer compliance with taxpayer awareness as an intervening variable. The data used in this study are primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires directly to respondents, namely individual taxpayers registered at KPP Pratama Padang Satu. The sampling technique used accidental sampling technique and the analytical method used was multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25. The results of this study indicate that the motivation of taxpayers and perceptions of tax corruption partially have no effect on taxpayer awareness. Taxpayer motivation influences taxpayer compliance. Perceptions of tax corruption and taxpayer awareness partially affect taxpayer compliance. Taxpayer motivation influences taxpayer compliance with taxpayer awareness as an intervening variable. Perceptions of tax corruption have no effect on taxpayer compliance with taxpayer awareness as an intervening variable.