Perception Of Urban Space Research Articles

Эволюция фасада зданий на основе города Астана

The article examines the architectural evolution of the facades of buildings in Astana. The study includes a historical analysis of architectural styles and materials used in various periods, as well as an assessment of the impact of these changes on the perception of urban space by residents. Special attention is paid to the importance of facades for the aesthetic appeal and functionality of buildings. The choice of buildings for comparative analysis was carried out taking into account their architectural uniqueness and representativeness of various districts of the city. As a result of a survey of residents, preferences for modern and traditional facades were revealed. The conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of a harmonious combination of innovations and cultural traditions in shaping the image of modern Astana and its role in improving the quality of life of citizens.

COGNITIVE MAPS OF A CITY AS A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR OF INDIVIDUAL PERCEPTION OF URBAN SPACES

The article considers the role of cognitive maps in the perception of urban space and their influence on social interaction and self-identification of city dwellers. The author analyses how mental ideas about a city are formed under the influence of personal experience, cultural and social factors. The relationship between cognitive maps and urban planning is investigated, and ways to optimise the urban environment based on understanding the mental maps of residents are proposed. In particular, the theoretical foundations of cognitive map formation are reviewed, including the works of Kevin Lynch, Edward Tolman, and other leading researchers who have laid the foundation for understanding the processes of mental mapping of urban spaces. The author of the article studies how personal experience, cultural and social contexts contribute to the creation of unique cognitive maps that reflect individual perception of a city.

‘The Thaw’ in the Arctic: constructing Mirny as a Soviet Arctic city of a new type

Abstract The town of Mirny, which was established in 1955 in the Arctic region of Yakutia, was not only the first Soviet settlement constructed near the newly explored diamond mine; it was also one of the first industrial towns in the Soviet Arctic to be constructed from scratch in the post-World War II period, as it was never part of the Gulag legacy. Focusing on the case of Mirny, this article elucidates the new principles behind the perception of urban space in the Soviet Arctic in the 1960s. Close analysis of the first years of the town’s construction illuminates the formation of a new conception of a socialist Arctic town at that period – a town open for migration flows, with a developed public and social sphere, that was celebrated as a ‘town of youth’ or a ‘town of the future’, and yet was also a town where extreme environmental conditions had a greater influence on the life of its inhabitants than did official state directives and regulations.

Measuring the Convergence and Divergence in Urban Street Perception among Residents and Tourists through Deep Learning: A Case Study of Macau

In today’s context of flourishing tourism, the development of urban tourism leads to a continuous influx of population. Existing empirical evidence highlights the interaction between tourists’ and residents’ perception of urban spaces and the local society and living spaces. This study, focusing on Macau, utilizes the region’s streetscape images to construct a deep learning-based model for quantifying the urban street perception of tourists and local residents. To obtain more refined perceptual evaluation data results, during the training phase of the model, we intentionally categorized tourist activities into natural landscape tours, historical sightseeing, and entertainment area visits, based on the characteristics of the study area. This approach aimed to develop a more refined perception evaluation method based on the classification of urban functional areas and the types of urban users. Further, to improve the streetscape environment and reduce visitor and resident dissatisfaction, we delved into the differences in perception between tourists and residents in various functional urban areas and their relationships with different streetscape elements. This study provides a foundational research framework for a comprehensive understanding of residents’ and tourists’ perceptions of diverse urban street spaces, emphasizing the importance of exploring the differentiated perceptions of streetscapes held by tourists and residents in guiding scientific urban tourism development policies and promoting social sustainability in cities, particularly those where tourism plays a significant role.

MAX FREI’S TEXT OF VILNIUS: THE WAYS, MEANS AND RESULTS OF URBAN SPACE OBJECTIVIZATION

Studying the city as a text of culture on the material of literary works is usually associated with the identification of its “inner meaning”, “feeling” and / or the main “idea”. We proceed from understanding objectification as fixation of the author’s perception of urban space in a literary text which leads us to the question of the ways and linguistic means that allow turning the thoughtform into a holistic, visible, in some cases almost tangible image determining the possibility of transmitting the author’s vision of the city to the readership. “Tales of Old Vilnius” by Max Frei has been chosen as a source for the research because it can be regarded as one of the most interesting urban texts which have appeared in the 21st century, where the characteristics of the existing city are combined with the author’s fantasy, as a result of which there appears a literary version of urban space which differs greatly from its invariant. The methods of linguostylistic analysis (with elements of linguosemiotic analysis) have been chosen, which enable us to reveal not only verbal, but also visual ways and means of objectivization of the city in fiction. As the analysis has shown, the specifics of the Tales are stipulated by its composition and the combination of verbal and visual ways of author’s objectivisation: they are implemented with the help of linguistic means of different semiotics, however, they complement each other in the process of creating the image of the city, where the real and the imaginary are closely connected. As a result, it can be concluded that not only the urban supertext can be enriched by the creation of a new literary image of the city, but that the new fictional image as well has the potential to foster the real future development of urban space.

Analysis of architectural urban spaces based on space syntax and scenario methods

The article aims to examine the scenario design process, with the goal of creating an architectural environment with a better perception of urban spaces. Space analysis and generalization of the plot structure of films, as well as their types and genres, which correlate with the plot composition of the urban architectural space and spatial syntax, were used as an approach in the study. This made it possible to investigate the relationships between spatial planning and a number of social, economic and environmental phenomena. As a result of studying the plot composition of a film, it was established that its structural elements and the features of those elements can be used to analyze the architectural environment, in order to study its plot structure based on configurational models of space. Thus, the legitimacy of using cinematographic analysis for the analysis of the architectural environment was confirmed. The plot structure of the architectural environment of the city is understood as its urban structure, which, like in cinematography, can develop linearly, i.e., from the beginning of the route to the end point along one line of a street, or be more complex (non-linear), whereby all elements are placed in an arbitrary order. In cinematography, the idea of the film organizes the plot and sets the formula for the finale; however, in the architectural environment, a person, moving in the city, perceives this environment through the spatial and temporal aspect that has developed historically. Hence, the architectural and artistic appearance of the city is of crucial importance.

Neon signs in urban space, yesterday and today. A case study based on Lublin

During the communist era, neon signs were something Poland could boast of. At that time, the streets were drowning in luminous advertising, which was impossible not to notice. Recent years have brought disastrous quality of urban advertising and the prevailing arbitrariness has contributed to the degeneration of urban spaces. Colourful neon signs once prevailed in Polish streets, serving as a model example of advertising whose impact was crucial in the perception of urban space. Today, neon signs are considered works of art, and the most valuable achievement of Polish 20th century design, which we can mainly admire today in museums. In the last decade, we have been reminded of their existence and efforts have been made to save them and return them to urban spaces. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the extraordinary value of neon signs as an important building block of urban space and to highlight their artistic and social functions. The undertaken research includes material on neon signs from the communist era as well as those newly designed, based on the city of Lublin.

Perception of Heritage Values: Experiential Qualitative Model for Assessing the Urban Potential

<p>Modern-day is defined as a period of globalization, a complex construct that can pose a threat to maintaining the uniqueness of a place and creating a distinctive city identity. The hypothesis of this paper is that, while the phenomenon of globalization is researched within different disciplines, a common interdisciplinary theme stands out - the experience and perception of urban space that further builds a unique impression of the observed scene. The assumption will be investigated through the formation of a qualitative model for examining the urban potential with the aim of affirming the visual quality of the place as an important factor in the construction of local identity. The established model is examined through case studies of the 20th-century heritage. This period was chosen because it represents the subject of a contemporary global discussion about the conservation, activation and use of heritage in urban structures. The premise is that the qualitative model can be adequately applied to architecture from this period and contribute to its visibility and understanding, as well as to the examination of its role in the creation of contemporary local identity. The research is significant because it enables an interdisciplinary consideration of heritage as a key factor in building the modern city identity based on its visual impression.</p>

THE EFFECT OF CULTURE-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN URBAN STREETSCAPES ON THE INFERENCE ACCURACY OF DEEP LEARNING MODELS

Abstract. Owing to the increasing focus on places in urban planning and design, methods to evaluate the quality and value of urban places is crucially needed. Many studies use deep learning models to identify the proportion and composition of landscape elements in images for evaluation. The accuracy of semantic segmentation achieved with such models is often validated using Cityscapes, a street-level image dataset taken from German cities. However, few studies have quantitatively revealed the inference accuracy decrease caused by culture-specific characteristics of streetscapes.In this study, we calculated by-class intersection over union (IoU) and newly-defined indices of false inferences to demonstrate how and to what extent deep learning models can infer each landscape element falsely when applied to Japanese street-level images. Our analysis revealed that certain landscape elements are more difficult to infer correctly based on specific causes, such as their appearances in images and unique characteristics of the fixed physical configuration of Japanese streets. By applying the false inference categorization framework presented in this study, researchers can adjust their approaches considering two aspects: a decrease in inference accuracies of deep learning models and the impact of culture-specific characteristics of streetscapes on people's perception and valuation of urban places. Based on the results and analyses, a future research direction is to develop and implement more accurate image recognition models considering culture-specific characteristics to understand people's perceptions of urban spaces and assess the value of urban places by using the big data including street-level images.

Gender differences between the emotions experienced and those identified in an urban space, based on heart rate variability

The effects that urban spaces can have on people have been analysed by various means. However, in the majority of cases, such analyses have been carried out after the event and based on memories of what was experienced. Such an approach can limit the number of emotions identified. The current research analyses the extent to which emotions identified after an event coincide with those experienced in situ (obtained using measurements of heart rate variability). The results highlight relevant differences between the emotions identified a posteriori and those experienced at a given moment. Specifically, significant differences in the perception of space according to gender have been identified: spaces in which fear was experienced and identified by men tended to differ from those identified by women. • Perception of urban space is analysed using objective and subjective approaches. • Results highlight relevant differences between emotions identified a posteriori and those experienced at a given moment. • Significant differences in the perception of space according to gender have been identified. • Spaces in which fear was experienced and identified by men tended to differ from those identified by women. • Research contribute to improve our knowledge of the emotional states of people in cities.

DEFINITION AND HIERARCHY OF ARCHITECTURE OBJECTS BASED ON SCENARIO DESIGN METHODS

Statement of the problem - a rather broad and contradictory interpretation of the concept of architectural objects has led to significant design contradictions in the real urban planning environment, the blurring of architectural tasks in the formation of buildings, complexes, ensembles and, as a result, to the loss of mechanisms for organizing the integral environment of cities.
 The analysis of research and publications shows a constant interest in the definition of architectural objects. It is this process of finding and clarifying the object of architectural activity that becomes the basis for new approaches to design, the detection of non-systemic phenomena that do not contribute to the integrity of the functioning and perception of urban spaces.
 The purpose of this publication is to define the concept of an architectural object based on the use of scenario methods, which cover various aspects of architectural design, which model the functional suitability, stability and reliability, and aesthetic expressiveness of the building.
 The novelty of the publication lies in the use of a hierarchical system of architectural objects against the background of understanding the tasks that arise when these objects actually enter the urban environment, ensuring the sustainable development of these objects over time. .
 The research methods are based on the comparative analysis of various approaches, in particular in the normative literature and the verification of the concepts of architectural objects expressed by various authors based on scenario methods and models. The result of the study is the systematization of architectural objects as a result of the creation of a hierarchical model of architectural objects. Moreover, each level of the object is designed to implement a separate part of the architectural tasks.
 The identified methodological approaches and models were used in applied research aimed at improving the modern design process.
 In further research, the author intends to more thoroughly analyze the theoretical works of modern architects and architectural scholars in the field of modern interpretations of architectural objects, and accordingly provide recommendations for improving the design process.

INmobility: PROCESSOS DE CRIAÇÃO E IMPREVISÍVEIS VISUALIDADES DO COTIDIANO

This text is concerned with the contemporary condition of everyday life transformed by mobile technologies and digital networks. The article discusses new possibilities for behaving and for occupying urban space since enable real time informational exchanges – data access, and interpersonal communication processes. In big cities there are diverse modes of choosing routes and moving, which users superimpose the urban landscape with layers of data. By understanding other possible perceptions of urban space, the “INmobility” artistic project makes visible personal experiences, using topological structures of users’ visual perception by the recombination of images of the city. As a result, visual narratives emerge, structured through computational algorithms, and create different perspectives and visual patterns of people’s everyday routine.

A new perception; generating well-being urban public spaces after the era of pandemics

In the new pandemic era, the perception of urban spaces has been developed and the definition of well-being in urban public settings is ambiguous. The essay helps with theorizing the construction of urban public spaces and the health spaces influenced by green zones. We examine the relationships between public spaces and various challenges through an urban design lens, considering pandemics' involvement in the migration of urban areas as a transitional urban actor. We thoroughly map this phenomenon and assess the UN-Habitat core message on COVID-19 and public spaces, The concept of the 15 min minutes' city, and the determinants of health and wellbeing in neighborhoods. Furthermore, an imperial study was generated to find out the new stakeholders' perception for public spaces after the era of pandemics based on PESTEL analysis. Findings of Pandemics’ both negative and positive implications on different aspect, defines the new perception generating well-being urban public spaces after the era of pandemics.

Tourists’ perceptions of urban space: a computer vision approach

La percepción de los turistas del espacio urbano: Un enfoque de vision artificialResumenDiseño/metodología/enfoqueLos datos para este estudio se extrajeron del conjunto de datos YFCC 100 M. Inicialmente se identificaron nueve tipos de espacio urbano en Pekín mediante un modelo de reconocimiento de escenas. Posteriormente, se aplicó un modelo de segmentación semántica, que aportó pruebas sustanciales en relación con nueve elementos visuales que se utilizaron para suscitar percepciones diferentes entre turistas de distintos continentes.ObjetivoEl objetivo de este estudio es llevar a cabo una investigación empírica sobre las diferentes percepciones de nueve tipos de espacio urbano y nueve elementos visuales entre los turistas en destino, utilizando un enfoque de visión artificial (CV).ResultadosLos turistas de tres continentes tenían percepciones diferentes sobre los pasillos, los edificios antiguos, los miradores y los espacios de tráfico, lo que refleja su convención cultural. Los asiáticos, los europeos y los norteamericanos observaron de forma diversa el elemento paisajístico de los edificios, el follaje, el cielo y las personas en el espacio urbano. Todos ellos aportaron pruebas para contribuir a la construcción de la teoría de la mirada turística.Originalidad/valorEste estudio describe por primera vez cómo los turistas perciben el símbolo turístico del espacio urbano. El novedoso enfoque de emplear dos modelos de vision artificial ofrece conocimientos metodológicos para la investigación del turismo relacionados con la percepción visual.

Содержательные аспекты современной петербургской городской экскурсии

Excursion activities in large cities of Russia demonstrate the increasing popularity of city tours and are undergoing numerous transformations, expressed both in thematic diversity and in the change in the content of individual excursions. This has an impact not only on the perception of urban space by sightseers – citizens and visitors, but also on the socio-cultural processes of the city and society in a broader sense. The article presents the results of an empirical study (included observation) of the content specificity of a number of city excursions around St. Petersburg as a city with the most actively developing excursion sphere. The content is analyzed in terms of: route and display objects; narrative and communication of the guide with the audience; activity activity, reflecting the solution of communicative tasks; the competence of the guide. The observation results are correlated with the provisions of scientific and methodological literature (authors of the early Soviet period – I. M. Grevs, N. P. Antsiferov, B. E. Raikov, N. A. Geinick, the era of «developed socialism» – B. V. Emelyanova , modern researchers – O. N. Orlova, A. G. Smirnova, I. I. Lisaevich, G. A. Leskova, N. A. Dobrina) and are presented in the form of generalized characteristics of the transformation of excursion content based on the phenomenological characteristics of the typology and content of a modern city excursion.

THE REFLECTION OF VISUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE OF THE CITY OF TOBOLSK

The article substantiates the methodology of studying the process of reflecting the visual and figurative characteristics of the cultural environment in the architectural heritage. The essence of the image, its content characteristics and functions as a methodological construct are determined. The character of the perception of urban space by residents is indicated. The directions of development and growth potential of the architectural environment of the city of Tobolsk are identified. The methodological features of the analysis of the figurative characteristics of the state of architectural heritage are given, according to the vectors and resource points of development. The method of applying criteria for distinguishing images of architectural heritage is disclosed and used.

FEATURES OF PERCEPTION OF URBAN SPACE IN THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF A LARGE CITY

The city develops over time, creating a continuous series of unique impressions from the perception of urban spaces. Many environmental parameters affect the perception of the urban environment, form the structures of perception and its atmospheric features. Socio-cultural knowledge of the city, expanding the glossary of architectural and urban planning theory, is engaged in the study of such parameters of the urban environment as the time factor of perception, anthropological parameters, the angle and scale of visual perception, urban gaps, which allows you to expand the idea of the city as a unique phenomenon and process. An attempt has been made to investigate the structure of the perception of the urban space of the central part of Samara.

Understanding children’s perceptions and activities in urban public spaces: The case study of Zrêbar Lake Waterfront in Kurdistan

As public spaces are often designed based on adults’ behavioural patterns and perceptions, children’s perceptions and physical needs based on their body size have received less attention in both the design of urban spaces and urban studies. Focusing on the interpretive reproduction theory, this study aims to investigate children’s perceptions of urban spaces. Using behaviour and mental mapping, this paper examines children’s activities in public spaces as well as their mental images of such spaces. Behaviour mapping was conducted over 37 days on the Zrêbar Lake Waterfront in Kurdistan. Sketches drawn by 36 children were then analysed to identify children’s perceptions of the Waterfront. Unlike conventional methods in which children’s demands are determined through caregivers, this study focuses on engagement with children. Results indicate that two main factors of actualised environmental affordances (AEA) and safety-conscious parenting practices (SPP) have a significant influence on children’s freedom of movement (CFM) and consequently children’s activities in public spaces.

The Kind of Transportation Used Between Home and School in Children and Perception of Urban Space: Case of Kirklareli

The type of transportation used has an impact on the perception of urban space. For children, traveling by foot or cycling is an action beyond reaching a place. According to the “Spatial Planning Policy Framework” elementary school buildings should be planned in the service impact area which should be reached on foot by considering the distance of approximately 500 meters. However, today most of the children reach the school by vehicle because of the effect of urban sprawl. Most of cities do not have adequate regulations for walking and cycling. Traveling on foot and cycling has been adopted as an important research topic and country policy in developed countries, while in developing countries this issue cannot be attracted much attention. The aim of the study is to determine which type of transportation children use when going to school and its effect on the perception of urban space. To achieve this, surveys which include cognitive mapping, were conducted with 194 students who are in the 4th class. As a result, it was seen that most of the children wanted to make their school transportation by bicycle and on foot. The study has a unique value in terms of providing data.

In search of resilient urban space : Pest’s city centre at the crossroads of tradition and innovation, 1928–1944

In this paper my aim is to examine the Hungarian architectural discourse between 1928 and 1944, with special regard to the ‘historical’ centre of Pest. The observation is carried out through the review of architectural journals and theoretical essays. I undertake a historical analysis of the various uses and changes in the meaning of the concept of townscape. Analysis of the architectural discourse for this time interval might provide a better understanding of the transformation in the perception of urban space. The examined period can be boldly called the ‘dawn of urban heritage protection’, but also the age of a new urbanity that envisioned the rethinking of urban space through the reconstruction of complete urban areas. This paradox not only had a remarkable impact on rethinking of urban space, especially on determining values, but also led to experimental and hybrid spatial categories. My aim is to study this specific problem of social history, which not only made urban preservation part of the discourse but expanded it more and more as a continually growing ‘set’. This set captures and addresses the diverse aspects of urban life, making the concept of urban heritage even more complex. The fundamental questions of the study are how the discourse conceptualises urban spatial categories, more precisely, how the materiality of the built environment and representations of space are taken into account. The discourse on compatibility encompasses all strategic behaviours that seek to integrate the historic city and the new architectural solutions incorporating the needs of the present. In order to analyse the ways in which the city centre was constructed in the discourse, I incorporate the resilience model into the argument. Thus, the discussion may help understanding how changes in the interpretation of urban space result in a new attitude towards preservation, development or modernization of ‘historic’ neighbourhoods.