Perception Of Position Research Articles

Study on the Construction and Application of Digital Twins on High Voltage Transmission Line Live Working Scenes

Affected by electric field generated in power transmission line, live worker on the high-voltage transmission line is in dangerous working environment. In this paper, posture perception, numerical simulation, and risk assessment are adopted to realize the deep fusion of physical trajectory and spatial virtual electric field distribution of live worker, and digital twin bodies of live worker in different live working scenarios are constructed. Firstly, posture trajectories and 3D model of living worker in typical operation conditions are captured and reconstructed by full-body inertial action capture technology and this technology use motion capture unit which include 3-aixs accelerometer/gyroscope/magnetic field sensors. The length of complex gap and body workspace under various live work scenes are also calculated. By static electrical field finite element (FE) numerical modeling, surface electrical field distributions of live worker under different posture trajectories are then calculated. Finally, interactive mechanism between “body-information-physical environment-virtual environment” is introduced, and potential risk of live worker is on-line assessed by live work guide rules. This work develops a new assessment and protection method for virtual training and field operations of high-voltage live worker. Which is of great significance for enhancing operation level and ensuring living workers’ safety.

태권도 선수들의 경쟁상태불안 감소를 위한 NLP코칭프로그램

This study is to verify the effectiveness of the application of the NLP(Neuro-Linguistic Programming) coaching program (Program) to reduce Competitive State Anxiety (CSA) among Taekwondo players before the game. In this study, we reviewed the literature relating competitive state anxiety (CSA), the degree of awareness of CSA of Taekwondo players, and the feasibility of applying the Program thru interview with NLP experts. 15 students were assigned respectively and three techniques, Anchoring, Perceptual position, and As-if, were applied to the experimental group. This study evaluated the degree of difference between pre- and post-CSA between experimental and control group over 12 weeks. The test tool used the Competition Status Anxiety Test Paper (CSAI-2) standardized according to the situation in Korea, and the statistical processing was analyzed using the SPSSWIN 21.0 program. The conclusions showed that there was a significant difference in somatic state anxiety and state self-confidence among the sub-factors of CSA between two groups after the experiment, and also, somatic state anxiety and cognitive state anxiety for experimental group also tended to decrease significantly after applying Program. This Program for Taekwondo players was effective in reducing CSA, and was easily developed for Taekwondo players to apply this program during exercise. This program, based on the ACTIVE coaching conversation model, is meaningful in providing basic data for the development and research of coaching programs applying NLP coaching.

Percepção corporal em pré-adolescentes e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade

O enfrentamento da obesidade demanda suporte psicossocial diante da alta prevalência de psicopatologias associadas ao viés do peso na adolescência. Analisou-se percepção corporal em 63 sujeitos, 37 meninos e 26 meninas, de 9 a 14 anos, de Monteiro Lobato, São Paulo, por meio do Desenho de Percepção Corporal. Avaliou-se, a consciência e a persona corporal, correlacionadas a sexo, idade e IMC pelo SPSS. Observou-se nos desenhos: redução da consciência corporal em meninas obesas: indeterminação, desintegração e instabilidade; regressão da persona: postura fechada em meninas com sobrepeso e obesas e rigidez em meninos com sobrepeso desde a pré-adolescência. Para a psicologia junguiana, nesta fase, a obesidade ativa conflitos inconscientes, desestrutura o ego e o isolamento, realimenta a crise identitária. Percepção corporal, tema pouco explorado; demanda pesquisa e validação de instrumentos para a compreensão da obesidade na adolescência.

Ocorrência de alterações posturais em crianças e adolescentes dos anos finais do ensino fundamental

Objective: to identify and assess the occurrence of postural changes in children and adolescents,aged 11 to 14, in the final gradesof elementary school. Materials and Methods:an observational,descriptive, cross-sectional study, with quantitative data and samples composed by 24 children and adolescents froma private school in the city of Pirapora -MG. Postural behavior inside and outside theschool environment wasidentified through the application of the Postural Habit Assessment Questionnaire;children's static posture was assessed by means ofphotographs; andsymmetrography and biophotogrammetry analyses were held through Postural Assessmentsoftware tests. Results:good postural staticand dynamic habits in the school environment and a good perception of correct postures,whichmust be adopted standing or sitting, have been reported. However, postureanalysis by means ofthe software revealed the occurrence of scoliosis,being right-convex(50%) the mostfrequent;severe changes in the alignment ofthe shoulder girdle were shown in 41.7% of the sample. Conclusion:good postural habits and correct postural perceptions were reported. Even though, thesample related back pain and experienced similar complaints fromtheirparents at some point in life, in addition to showing static postural changes.

Recognition of Wrong Sports Movements Based on Deep Neural Network

During physical education (PE), the teaching quality is severely affected by problems like nonstandard technical movements or wrong demonstrative movements. High-speed photography can capture instantaneous movements that cannot be recognized with naked eyes. Therefore, this technology has been widely used to judge the sprint movements in track and field competitions, and assess the quality of artistic gymnastics. Inspired by three-dimensional (3D) image analysis, this paper proposes a method to recognize the standard and wrong demonstrative sports movements, based on 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) and graph theory. Firstly, a 3D posture perception strategy for demonstrative sports movements was constructed based on video sequence. Next, the authors provided the framework of the recognition system for standard and wrong demonstrative sports movements. After that, a 3D CNN was stablished to distinguish between standard and wrong demonstrative sports movements. The proposed method was proved effective and superior through experiments. The research results provide a good reference for the application of 3D image analysis in the recognition of other body behaviors and movements.

Subjective power and emotions in everyday interpersonal interactions: Counterparts' constrictive posture as moderator.

Power is one of the vital components embedded within interpersonal interactions, but few studies have studied it in everyday life context. This experience sampling study examined the associations of subjective power with emotional well-being and investigated the moderating effects of counterpart' postures in the associations. Our results demonstrated that individuals reported higher positive emotions and lower negative emotions when they perceived higher subjective power. Their positive emotions were positively correlated with counterparts' expansive postures while negative emotions were positively correlated with counterparts' constrictive postures. The subjective power-negative emotion associations were stronger when counterparts displayed higher level of constrictive posture. Our findings provide an evidence base for a comprehensive understanding on the role of subjective power and perception of counterparts' power-related posture in dyadic communications in emotional well-being.

МОНІТОРИНГ СТРАТЕГІЙ РОЗВИТКУ ОБ’ЄДНАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИХ ГРОМАД УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЇХНЬОГО ПОЗИЦІОНУВАННЯ

The article reflects the results of development strategies monitoring of the amalgamated territorial communities (ATCs) of Ukraine in the context of their positioning. The development of all spheres of society’s life depends on effective positioning both in the short and strategic perspectives, however today more attention is paid to the legal support of the development of ATCs than to positioning to improve the socio-economic status of society. A schematic representation of the feasibility of positioning the ATC is presented. Undoubtedly, the formation of a positive image of the amalgamated territorial community will help to attract investment, since the presence of unique natural, historical or socio-economic characteristics of the territory in which the communities are created will be more attractive against the background of other, non-oversized territorial-administrative units. Based on the results of monitoring the development strategies of the ATCs of Ukraine, the total number of them in the regions of Ukraine were determined and found the need for positioning, emphasis and prerequisites for their positioning, the share of united territorial communities with positioning accents to the total number of united territorial communities of the region were determined. An analysis of the development strategies of the Ukrainian ATCs makes it possible to assert that the represented communities recorded attempts to position their territories, and some of them even formed marketing and/or communication development strategies. It is proved that the majority of the amalgamated territorial communities were determined with the basis for positioning, covering all the components of sustainable development, preventing the creation of a unique image of an ATC, dispersing attention between the economic, social and environmental components of development. It has been argued that most of the ATCs are just beginning to think about the need to create a positive image of their community and are trying to take the first steps to position their own territory. The most experienced regions in terms of positioning the amalgamated territorial communities turned out to be the Donetsk and Kharkiv regions, which are already actively pursuing their tasks of creating a vivid and unique image of their territorial communities. The positioning of the amalgamated territorial communities is a promising direction in development to improve their socio-economic situation. REFERENCES: 1. Ustymenko V.A., Zablodska I.V., Burbelo S.О., Zablodska D.V., Saenko P.O. Identification and position of the United Territorials Municipalities: methodical tools. Economics and Law. 2019. No. 1. P. 44-50. https://doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2019.01.044 [in Ukrainian].2. Kotler P. Marketing’s New Paradigm: What’s Really happening Out There. Planning Review. 1992. Vol. 20 (5). P. 50-52.3. Carpenter G. Perceptual position and competitive brand strategy in a two-dimensional, 2-Brand market. Management Science. 1989. Vol. 35. No. 9. P. 1029-1044. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.9.10294. Dou W., Lim K., Chenting S. Brand positioning strategy using search marketing. Mis Quarterly. 2010. Vol. 34. No. 2. P. 261-279. https://doi.org/10.2307/207214275. Sunduk A.M. Positioning of Trans Carpathian region within the system “State — Global dimension”. Actual Problems of Economics. 2012. Vol. 128. P. 211-218.6. Taecharungroj V., Muthuta M., Boonchaiyapruek P. Sustainability as a place brand position: a resident-centric analysis of the ten towns in the vicinity of Bangkok. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. 2019. Vol. 15. No. 4. P. 210-228. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-019-00127-57. Budnikevych I., Romaniuk N. Marketynhovyi pidkhid do pobudovy merezhevykh modelei na rehionalnomu rynku znan. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats ChDTU. Seriia: Ekonomichni nauky. 2019. Iss. 54. P. 52-59. https://doi.org/10.24025/2306-4420.0.54.2019.178527 [in Ukrainian].8. Kolomytseva O. Positioning of regions of Ukraine in competitive environment. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference Contemporary Issues in Theory and Practice of Management: CITPM 2016. Czestochawa, Poland (April 21-22, 2016). P. 203-209.9. Rohozian Yu., Noskova S. Interregional cooperation as a prerequisite for the economic development of amalgamated territorial communities in Ukraine. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies. 2017. Vol. 3. No. 5. P. 383-390. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-07422017-3-5-383-39011. Metodychni rekomendatsii shchodo formuvannia i realizatsii prohnoznykh ta prohramnykh dokumentiv sotsialnoekonomichnoho rozvytku obiednanoi terytorialnoi hromady: Nakaz Ministerstva rehionalnoho rozvytku, budivnytstva ta zhytlovo-komunalnoho hospodarstva Ukrainy vid 30.03.2016 № 75. URL: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0075858-16 [in Ukrainian].12. Malenki mrii, velyki peremohy. Zaluchennia hromad do mistsevoho rozvytku: istorii uspikhu Proektu Yevropeiskoho Soiuzu ta Prohramy rozvytku OON "Mistsevyi rozvytok, oriientovanyi na hromadu". Kyiv, 2011. 92 p. [in Ukrainian].

A practical study on reducing vague fear of failure and improving self-acceptance using mental imagery and perceptual position in neuro-linguistic programming

A practical study on reducing vague fear of failure and improving self-acceptance using mental imagery and perceptual position in neuro-linguistic programming

The role of Brand Salience and Trust in deepening Perception to an Intention: An empirical study on a social media platform

Using the social media platform to examine the deepening of perception to the cognitive level of Intention to transact, this paper aims to consider the effects of trust and brand salience between perception-Intention relationship. An internet survey was conducted with 140 respondents. For analysis SEM applied to see the interactional effects of the variables. The results indicate that in the presence of a developed consumer perception, trust and brand salience do not show any significant effect on Intention to transact. However, independently brand salience and trust have significant relationships with Intention to transact. There’s no significant mediating effect of brand salience or trust in deepening consumer perception to the level of ‘Intention to transact’. This study recommends determining the key variables that effect the deepening of consumer perception. Exploration of more factors of consumer perception in new media platforms in general and social media platforms in particular. From a practical point of view this study suggests that firms using social media platforms should concentrate more on creating a good perception about their products and brands through SNS. A perceptual position properly created and managed has a very good chance of converting into an Intention to perform a transaction. This study provides valuable insight into the social media users’ behavior regarding their Intention building through the use of social networking sites. Furthermore, this study extends the deepening of consumer perception to the level of ‘Intention to transact’ by examining the mediating role of trust and brand salience.

Use of Vestibular Rehabilitation in the Pediatric Population

Purpose The purpose of this article was to provide a perspective on vestibular rehabilitation for children. Conclusion The developing child with vestibular dysfunction may present with a progressive gross motor delay, sensory disorganization for postural control, gaze instability, and poor perception of motion and verticality. It is important that vestibular-related impairments be identified early in infancy or childhood so that evidence-based interventions can be initiated. A focused and custom vestibular rehabilitation program can improve vestibular-related impairments, enabling participation. Depending on the child's age, diagnosis, severity, and quality of impairments, vestibular rehabilitation programs may consist of gaze stabilization exercises, static and dynamic balance exercises, gross motor practice, and/or habituation exercises. Exercises must be modified for children, done daily at home, and incorporated into the daily life situation.

The role of vestibular function on the representation of space and its impairment after central and peripheral lesions

Our perception of space is based on the integration of signals from vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems. These sensory modalities allow awareness of the displacements and positions of our body and body parts, as well as the locations of objects in extra-personal space. Brain lesions can produce severe deficits in the representation of personal or extra-personal space, as demonstrated by the syndrome of unilateral (left) spatial neglect after (right) hemisphere stroke. Many aspects of the neglect syndrome have been ascribed to pathological biases in the internal representation of space, some of which can also be observed in patients with dysfunction of the vestibular pathways, either in the peripheral or central nervous system. The recent studies showed for example, neglect patients like vestibular patients exhibit an ipsilesional (e.g. rightward) deviation of their subjective body midline when pointing straight-ahead, as well as ipsilesional biases in posture and abnormal perception of verticality. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that some impairment in the integration of vestibular signals at the brain level might contribute to impaired spatial cognition and neglect after focal hemispheric damage. A critical role for the vestibular system in neglect would be consistent with its central projections on multisensory integration areas in parietal and frontal cortex which are thought to be involved in the representation of space across egocentric and allocentric spatial frames of reference, and which are typically damaged in neglect patients.

Ocular torsion is related to perceived motion-induced position shifts.

Ocular torsion (i.e., rotations of the eye about the line of sight) can be induced by visual rotational motion. It remains unclear whether and how such visually induced torsion is related to perception. By using the flash-grab effect, an illusory position shift of a briefly flashed stationary target superimposed on a rotating pattern, we examined the relationship between torsion and perception. In two experiments, 25 observers reported the perceived location of a flash while their three-dimensional eye movements were recorded. In Experiment 1, the flash coincided with a direction reversal of a large, centrally displayed, rotating grating. The grating triggered visually induced torsion in the direction of stimulus rotation. The magnitude of torsional eye rotation correlated with the illusory perceptual position shift. To test whether torsion caused the illusion, in Experiment 2, the flash was superimposed on two peripheral gratings rotating in opposite directions. Even though torsion was eliminated, the illusory position shift persisted. Despite the lack of a causal relationship, the torsion-perception correlations indicate a close link between both systems, either through similar visual-input processing or a boost of visual rotational signal strength via oculomotor feedback.

Transmission Line Component Inspection Method Based on Deep Learning under Visual Navigation

The efficiency of the operation and maintenance for transmission lines can be greatly enhanced with the help of UAV. However, the images of the transmission line component collected by UAV could be spoiled due to the incorrect operations of the controllers, which causes the defects of the transmission line component couldn’t be diagnosed accurately. A visual inspection algorithm for the UAV based on the sensing of the tower components is proposed which uses a parallel network structure and can be applied on embedded devices, which based on Faster R-CNN target recognition framework and the ZFNet. Thus, the classification and posture of the component can be acquired. The UAV’s pose and position can be adjusted by the distance sensing model and components’ posture. Results show that the maximum mAP (mean Average Precision) of component recognition and posture perception are 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. Additionally, the posture of the UAV can be adjusted effectively and optimum images of the component can be obtained.

Association Between Perceived Workload and Adverse Body Posture

Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) can be a result of complex interactions between physical, psychosocial, biological, and individual characteristics. However, the evidence on specific associations is still inconclusive. A previous study conducted at a Sterile Processing Department (SPD) in a local hospital established an association between perceived job demands and adverse body postures. However, causal inferences were not possible to establish given the study design. Consequently, the objective of this study was to determine if perception of mental workload causes workers to use more risky body postures. Objective and subjective assessment tools (REBA and NASA-TLX scores) were used as indicators of body postures and mental workload. The findings indicated that there is a positive relationship between the perception of workload (NASA-TLX scores) and adverse body postures (REBA scores) suggesting that people tend to adopt more awkward postures when they feel they are in a rush condition or they have more things to do

Compassion-focused perceptual positions

This article focuses on the perceptual position (or ‘empty chair’) technique adapted to fit the aims of compassion-focused coaching. I will briefly review the key principles of the compassion-focused approach and discuss why and how this technique can be used in coaching practice.Keywords:Compassion-focused coaching; self-compassion; perceptual positions; critical self-talk; coaching psychology.

Virtual prototyping for workplace analysis: the effect of expectation on perceived comfort while using office devices

Computer aided technologies (CAT) are becoming an indispensable instrument to design, improve and manufacture new products and services. Digital human modelling (DHM) systems allow to simulate the Human-artifact interface and to evaluate, in early step of design process, the ergonomic performances of new products or workplaces. In particular, for products that have to be used in a “constrained” workplace, different tasks and activities are associated with different postures. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of anthropometric characteristics and expectations on the postural comfort perception through the CAT/DHM systems, while using four office devices: desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet and smartphone. A statistical sample of healthy students was selected and their anthropometric characteristics were measured. The postures assumed by the participants were gathered in a not-invasive way by cameras. The angular detection was performed directly on snapshots by using Kinovea® software. Human joints’ an-gles were used for the virtual-postural analysis, through DELMIA® software. The evaluation of postural comfort was obtained in two ways: CaMAN® software developed by the researchers from the Department of Industrial Engineering in Salerno (Italy) was used to calculate the objective comfort indexes while an appropriate questionnaire, given to subjects during the devices usage, was used to evaluate the subjective com-fort indexes. The results of analyses show a difference between subjective and objective postural comfort indexes for all the devices: this difference has been associated to the expectations.

AVALIAÇÃO DA POSTURA EM CRIANÇAS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: ATITUDES E HÁBITOS CORPORAIS POSITIVOS E ALTA PREVALÊNCIA DE ALTERAÇÕES POSTURAIS

The school is considered a potential space for the development of health care. The Physiotherapist can participate in health actions in the context in question, mainly in adopting postural habits, beginning with the evaluation of postural changes. This study aimed at the postural evaluation of elementary school students in the city of Presidente Prudente. The methodology consisted of the elaboration of a Postural Assessment Sheet containing individual data; questionnaires of body habits and postural attitudes and static postural evaluation. The results were 42 children evaluated; mean age of 9,8 ± 0,9 years; physically active group; good postural perception during daily activities and high prevalence of postural changes, especially in the head, shoulders and lumbar spine segments. We conclude that Elementary School students have good body and posture habits, as well as a high prevalence of postural changes and algias. These aspects reinforce the need for early physiotherapeutic intervention.

Questionnaire results of user experiences with wearable exoskeletons and their preferences for sensory feedback

BackgroundWearable exoskeletons can be a powerful tool for the facilitation of ambulation of complete Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) subjects, which has several psychological and physical advantages. However, exoskeleton control is difficult for this group of users and requires a long period of training. People with SCI not only lack the motor control, but also miss the sensory information from below the level of the lesion, which is for example very important in their perception of body posture and makes balancing with an exoskeleton difficult.It is hypothesized that through sensory substitution part of the missing sensory information can be provided and might thereby improve the control of an exoskeleton. However, it is not known which information would be most important to receive while using an exoskeleton and how this feedback should be provided.MethodsTo investigate the preferences of users of an exoskeleton, a questionnaire was filled out by 10 SCI subjects who underwent a training program with a commercial exoskeleton (ReWalk).The questionnaire consisted of questions about the use of the exoskeleton to identify which information is missing and which instructions from the therapists were needed to be able to control the exoskeleton. The second part of the questionnaire focused on the possibilities of sensory feedback and preferences for stimulation methods (auditory, vibrotactile or visual) and feedback timing (discrete or continuous) were investigated. Furthermore, six options for feedback parameters (step initiation, continuous and discrete gait phases, foot position and mediolateral and anteroposterior weight shift) were proposed and the respondents were asked to indicate their preferences.ResultsThree feedback parameters (feedback about mediolateral and anteroposterior weight shift and feedback about step initiation) were considered as possibly helpful by the respondents. Furthermore, there were slight preferences for the use of vibrotactile (over auditory and visual) and discrete (over continuous) feedback.ConclusionsThe answers of the respondents on the optimal feedback parameters were rather variable and therefore it is recommended to let the users choose their preferred feedback system during a training session with several feedback options. However, there are slight preferences for the use of vibrotactile stimulation provided in a discrete way.

Motion Extrapolation for Eye Movements Predicts Perceived Motion-Induced Position Shifts.

Transmission delays in the nervous system pose challenges for the accurate localization of moving objects as the brain must rely on outdated information to determine their position in space. Acting effectively in the present requires that the brain compensates not only for the time lost in the transmission and processing of sensory information, but also for the expected time that will be spent preparing and executing motor programs. Failure to account for these delays will result in the mislocalization and mistargeting of moving objects. In the visuomotor system, where sensory and motor processes are tightly coupled, this predicts that the perceived position of an object should be related to the latency of saccadic eye movements aimed at it. Here we use the flash-grab effect, a mislocalization of briefly flashed stimuli in the direction of a reversing moving background, to induce shifts of perceived visual position in human observers (male and female). We find a linear relationship between saccade latency and perceived position shift, challenging the classic dissociation between "vision for action" and "vision for perception" for tasks of this kind and showing that oculomotor position representations are either shared with or tightly coupled to perceptual position representations. Altogether, we show that the visual system uses both the spatial and temporal characteristics of an upcoming saccade to localize visual objects for both action and perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Accurately localizing moving objects is a computational challenge for the brain due to the inevitable delays that result from neural transmission. To solve this, the brain might implement motion extrapolation, predicting where an object ought to be at the present moment. Here, we use the flash-grab effect to induce perceptual position shifts and show that the latency of imminent saccades predicts the perceived position of the objects they target. This counterintuitive finding is important because it not only shows that motion extrapolation mechanisms indeed work to reduce the behavioral impact of neural transmission delays in the human brain, but also that these mechanisms are closely matched in the perceptual and oculomotor systems.

Interpreting spatial dysgraphia after stroke: Straight ahead or straight above?

Spatial dysgraphia after a right hemisphere lesion, associates signs of spatial compression in relation to spatial neglect, and a tilted writing which remains to be explained. Here, we present a case study suggesting that tilted writing is due to a tilted representation of the vertical. J.W., a 75-year-old patient who underwent a right parietal hemorrhage showed a pusher syndrome and a writing tilted 11.1° upwardly without other signs of spatial dysgraphia. We comprehensively assessed and followed most aspects of spatial cognition (spatial neglect, verticality perception) and handwriting, until nine months post-stroke. Examination of J.W.’s handwriting was performed by means of a graphic tablet quantifying writing orientation and speed, in the presence or not of spatial indexes, and after a transient modulation of verticality perception. In acute stage, spatial neglect was severe with predominant signs of body neglect. At three months, visual (VV) and postural (PV) perceptions of the vertical were tilted of 11°, counterclockwise. This transmodal tilt was similar both in direction and magnitude to the tilt found congruent on both features of writing: left-hand margin and lines. J.W.’s writing speed was found slower than a control subject in the blank paper condition (1.67 vs. 0.82 s/letter; P < 0.001), and faster when writing on lines inclined 24° upwardly (1.11 s/letter; P < 0.05). The transient modulation of verticality perception (PV = 0.5°) was performed by tilting the patient for 10 min at 30° to the right side, in the dark. This PV modulation reduced the writing tilt, measured 20 min later (6.2°; P = 0.001) and increased the writing speed (0.89 s/letter; P = 0.002). Nine months post-stroke, while spatial neglect had completely recovered, a congruent tilt both in verticality perception and writing persisted (5° and 8.8°, respectively). After right hemisphere stroke, a tilted writing is likely a sign of a tilted verticality representation.