Perceptions Of Officers Research Articles

Perceptions of student officers of the police constable degree apprenticeship

In 2016, policing in England and Wales became a degree-entry profession. The pathway for those entering the service without a pre-existing degree is the Police Constable Degree Apprenticeship (PCDA). Due its novelty, there is little extant research surrounding its efficacy. This study gathered perceptions of PCDA officers through a mix of quantitative and qualitative data and thematic analysis, finding that the programme is viewed quite negatively, but this is improving over time. The negativity is largely influenced by a police culture and hierarchy both reluctant to change and facing significant operational pressures hindering students’experience.

Perception of Correctional Officers’ Legitimacy in South African Correctional Centers

Studies from developed western societies have shown that the legitimacy of correctional officers is pivotal to incarcerated offenders’ voluntary compliance and deference. However, we are uncertain if such an assertion holds for incarcerated offenders in transitional African correctional settings, such as South Africa. From a cross-sectional survey of participants from selected correctional centers in South Africa (Male = 89.6%; African = 85.1%; Mage = 25 years, SD = 0.81), this paper explores incarcerated offenders’ perception of the legitimacy of correctional officers. Findings indicate that procedural justice, the effectiveness of the correctional officers, gender, and offender citizenship predicted the perception of correctional officers’ legitimacy. The implications of these findings for the effective management of custodial institutions are discussed.

셉테드의 보완적 수단으로서 순찰 로봇

Along with the development of AI technologies, surveillance robots are suggested as an alternative to CPTED. However, research on the perception of police officers regarding surveillance robots is scarce. To fill the gap, the current study employed the Q methodology to analyze the perception of police officers in the Busan Metropolitan, where a pilot operation for security robots has been implemented. Based on the CPTED theory, we drew a set of 25 statements across six domains. Utilizing the PQMethod 2.35 program designed for Q methodology research, the analysis classified four distinct types: Type 1 demonstrated natural surveillance and access control; Type 2 highlighted usability and maintenance; Type 3 emphasized sustainability; and Type 4 underlined natural surveillance and usability. The consensus statement included three conditions such as expanded visibility, controlling antisocial behavior, and citizens' interest and engagement with robots. Based on the analysis, this study discussed policy implications that could enhance the effectiveness of surveillance robots.

Exploring Social Media’s Impact on Societal Perceptions of Police Legitimacy and Cooperation

Since the 2014 killing of Eric Garner, the number of social media posts involving police officers engaging in unethical behavior has increased, and the videos and images posted have had a strong influence on the public's perception of law enforcement officers. This paper explores the associations between the variables of social media usage, police legitimacy, and police cooperation while discussing how they intersect. In addition, this paper investigates whether these variables are still associated, after controlling for age, gender, and education. This research was conducted using a multiple regression analysis of the data collected from a quantitative survey completed by 80 participants. The participants were aged 18 and older, had an active social media account, lived in the United States, and were not former military or police officers.

Police officer perceptions towards drug liberalization policies in the context of an overdose crisis in British Columbia, Canada

Background British Columbia, Canada, is experiencing an overdose crisis that has pushed drug liberalization policies to the forefront of the response. This study examines police officers’ perceptions of enforcement and drug liberalization policies, including support for decriminalization and regulation or ‘safer supply’, in this context. Methods Qualitative interview data were collected in September-November 2020 from active police officers involved in drug law enforcement in British Columbia, prior to decriminalization reforms being introduced in the province. We conducted a thematic analysis of this data with a focus on police officer views towards drug enforcement and drug liberalization policies. Results Policing and reforms amid the overdose crisis has shaped officer perceptions and actions towards illegal drugs and drug policies. Although officers saw overdose as a health issue, these views coincided with a strong emphasis on supply-side policing, such as drug trafficking investigations. Policing continues to be entrenched in the overdose crisis, which has impacted the way police officers view drugs and drug use, particularly, their belief that current interventions to disrupt the illegal drug market are not working. Conclusion This study advances knowledge on the motivations for promoting drug enforcement, and enacting drug policies, in the context of an overdose crisis.

Contrary Perceptions of Environmental Health and the Governance of the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia.

The participation of civil society is essential for environmental health policies to be accepted. The objective of this study was to know the perceptions of government officials, members of civil society, and academics about environmental health problems and its governance in the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia. In the region, there is a strong citizens movement that defends the moorland ecosystem (páramo) as a source of drinking water for large-scale mining projects. A multi-method study was conducted, including the review of newspaper and scientific articles, a citizens survey, and interviews and focus groups with identified key stakeholders. The findings indicate that government officials prioritize their actions on issues related to air and water pollution and environmental education. In contrast, citizens prioritize water availability from the moorland ecosystem. There are some advances in the management of environmental health, mainly related to greater citizen awareness. Contrary perceptions among government officials, academics, and civil society prevent adequate prioritization of environmental health problems. Participation of civil society is absent in activities related to environmental governance. An ongoing citizens science experience engaging high school students and the academy can be the first meeting point with government officials in the pathway to improve the environmental governance in the territory. The participation of civil society in the environmental health governance must be enforced to broaden the issues of interest and prioritize the activities in short- and long-term policy planning.

Assessing Taxation Revenue and Perceptions of Tax Reforms in Post-Demonetization India

This research paper endeavors to provide a comprehensive analysis of taxation revenue in India, specifically focusing on Income Tax and Goods and Services Tax (GST), during the post-demonetization era. Additionally, it seeks to explore the perceptions of three key stakeholder groups taxpayers, tax professionals, and government officials—regarding tax reforms and their influence on tax evasion in India. The study commences by evaluating the taxation revenue of the Government of India in the aftermath of the historic 2016 demonetization move. It scrutinizes the impact of tax reforms such as the introduction of GST and changes in Income Tax regulations on revenue generation. By employing empirical data and statistical analysis, this research aims to shed light on the effectiveness of these reforms in enhancing government revenue collection, promoting fiscal transparency, and curbing tax evasion. Furthermore, this paper delves into the perceptions of taxpayers, tax professionals, and government officials concerning tax reforms and their implications for tax evasion in India. Through surveys, interviews, and qualitative analysis, it investigates the diverse viewpoints held by these stakeholders. This qualitative dimension of the study provides a nuanced understanding of how tax reforms are perceived and whether they have altered the behavior of taxpayers and the enforcement strategies of government officials.
 The outcomes of this research hold significance for both policy formulation and academic discourse. Insights derived from the analysis of taxation revenue can guide policymakers in refining tax policies, optimizing revenue collection, and fostering economic growth. Simultaneously, an exploration of perceptions surrounding tax reforms offers valuable insights into the behavioral dynamics of taxpayers, the challenges faced by tax professionals, and the strategies employed by government officials in enforcing tax regulations. this paper Demonstrate a holistic examination of taxation revenue in post-demonetization India, with a specific focus on Income Tax and GST. It also provides a unique perspective by investigating the perceptions of taxpayers, tax professionals, and government officials regarding tax reforms and their impact on tax evasion. By combining empirical data with qualitative insights, this research contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between taxation revenue, tax reforms, and stakeholder perceptions in the Indian context.

Police officers' perception of community support for policing: implications for well-being

PurposeCommunity-police relations have gained increasing public attention during the past decade. The purpose of the present study was to better understand the relationship between perceived community support and police officer burnout and engagement.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered via online survey from 117 officers from a city police department in the Southeastern United States.FindingsCommunity support was negatively correlated with burnout and positively correlated with engagement. Moreover, multiple regression analyses showed that community support explained significant incremental variance in most dimensions of burnout and engagement, above and beyond demographic factors and community stressors. Qualitative results showed that police officers had mixed perceptions of how they were viewed by the general public, with more negative than positive responses. However, officers felt more positively perceived in their own communities, but concerns were raised that national events affected the perceptions of officers even in positive relationships with their communities. Finally, officers felt that public perceptions impacted their job satisfaction, job performance and personal lives.Practical implicationsThe results have practical implications for how to encourage positive interactions between officers and their community, with recommendations for both law enforcement leaders and civilians.Originality/valueThis study is one of the few that highlights the officers' perspective on how public perceptions affect their work. This is important in understanding how to maximize quality community interactions while minimizing conditions that would increase burnout.

An overview of food lipids toward food lipidomics.

Increasing evidence regarding lipids' beneficial effects on human health has changed the common perception of consumers and dietary officials about the role(s) of food lipids in a healthy diet. However, lipids are a wide group of molecules with specific nutritional and bioactive properties. To understand their true nutritional and functional value, robust methods are needed for accurate identification and quantification. Specific analytical strategies are crucial to target specific classes, especially the ones present in trace amounts. Finding a unique and comprehensive methodology to cover the full lipidome of each foodstuff is still a challenge. This review presents an overview of the lipids nutritionally relevant in foods and new trends in food lipid analysis for each type/class of lipids. Food lipid classes are described following the LipidMaps classification, fatty acids, endocannabinoids, waxes, C8 compounds, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids (i.e., glycolipids, betaine lipids, and triglycerides), sphingolipids, sterols, sercosterols (vitamin D), isoprenoids (i.e., carotenoids and retinoids (vitamin A)), quinones (i.e., coenzyme Q, vitamin K, and vitamin E), terpenes, oxidized lipids, and oxylipin are highlighted. The uniqueness of each food group: oil-, protein-, and starch-rich, as well as marine foods, fruits, and vegetables (water-rich) regarding its lipid composition, is included. The effect of cooking, food processing, and storage, in addition to the importance of lipidomics in food quality and authenticity, are also discussed. A critical review of challenges and future trends of the analytical approaches and computational methods in global food lipidomics as the basis to increase consumer awareness of the significant role of lipids in food quality and food security worldwide is presented.

Perceptions of chief clinical information officers on the state of electronic health records systems interoperability in NHS England: a qualitative interview study

BackgroundIn the era of electronic health records (EHR), the ability to share clinical data is a key facilitator of healthcare delivery. Since the introduction of EHRs, this aspect has been extensively studied from the perspective of healthcare providers. Less often explored are the day-to-day challenges surrounding the procurement, deployment, maintenance, and use of interoperable EHR systems, from the perspective of healthcare administrators, such as chief clinical information officers (CCIOs).ObjectiveOur study aims to capture the perceptions of CCIOs on the current state of EHR interoperability in the NHS, its impact on patient safety, the perceived facilitators and barriers to improving EHR interoperability, and what the future of EHR development in the NHS may entail.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted between November 2020 – October 2021. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit NHS England CCIOs. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was performed by two independent researchers to identify emerging themes.ResultsFifteen CCIOs participated in the study. Participants reported that limited EHR interoperability contributed to the inability to easily access and transfer data into a unified source, thus resulting in data fragmentation. The resulting lack of clarity on patients' health status negatively impacts patient safety through suboptimal care coordination, duplication of efforts, and more defensive practice. Facilitators to improving interoperability included the recognition of the need by clinicians, patient expectations, and the inherent centralised nature of the NHS. Barriers included systems usability difficulties, and institutional, data management, and financial-related challenges. Looking ahead, participants acknowledged that realising that vision across the NHS would require a renewed focus on mandating data standards, user-centred design, greater patient involvement, and encouraging inter-organisational collaboration.ConclusionTackling poor interoperability will require solutions both at the technical level and in the wider policy context. This will involve demanding interoperability functionalities from the outset in procurement contracts, fostering greater inter-organisation cooperation on implementation strategies, and encouraging systems vendors to prioritise interoperability in their products. Only by comprehensively addressing these challenges would the full potential promised by the use of fully interoperable EHRs be realised.

The Comparison of Contact with Inmates, Risk Perception, and Mental Health of Officers in a Correctional Institution with Different Levels of Security

Introduction: Correctional institutions (LP) have various levels of security that are adjusted to the characteristics of the inmates accommodated in it. This level of security includes minimum, medium, and maximum prisons and often includes special prisons for prisoners with special needs or high danger. Differences in security levels present unique dynamics and challenges in contact between officers and inmates, perceptions of risk, and their impact on officers' mental health.
 Methods: This study is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 116 research subjects participated in this study. This study observes contact between officers and inmates using the contact with inmate scale. Perception of risk is measured by a scale compiled by Ferdik. The mental health assessment of correctional worker participants used the mental health inventory (MHI-38) made by Veit and Ware.
 Results: Officers in medium-security level penitentiaries have more positive contact with inmates than in maximum and super-maximum security level penitentiaries. Likewise, the aspect of officer risk perception in medium-security level penitentiaries shows a lower score than in maximum and super-maximum security level penitentiaries. However, super-maximum security level penitentiary officers show a lower level of mental health than medium security level penitentiaries.
 Conclusion: There are differences in correctional officers' contact with inmates, risk perception, and mental health of correctional officers in prisons with different levels of security.

Amity and enmity in regional security complexes: public and official perceptions in Latvia after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine

ABSTRACT This article examines Latvia’s external amity and enmity patterns after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. While the patterns of amity and enmity and the resulting regional security complexes appear clear, this study adds a layer of depth to that understanding. It does so by exploring the views of Latvian society based on a two-round nationally representative poll, as well as the alignment of these views with the official positions. The societal and official amity patterns place Latvia within a transatlantic Western regional security complex and a pluralistic security community. The enmity patterns, however, point to an overlapping regional security complex centered around Russia, thus binding both complexes into a supercomplex. Rather than making generalizations on amity and enmity links among states, this study underscores the role of the official discourse, societal perceptions, and the internal plurality of views. In the case of Latvia, despite a considerable Russian-speaking population, the external amity and enmity patterns are largely aligned among Latvian and Russian speakers. However, amity and enmity intensity against some states differs in these groups.

Leadership competencies developed during a short-term domestic study tour: An exploration of participants’ perceptions

As short-term study abroad tours seek to develop globally competent leaders within the agricultural industry, the rich diversity present within the United States has led to the inception of short-term domestic study tours. To improve how global leadership competencies are developed among adolescent participants, understanding competencies gained during short-term international and domestic cultural immersion trips is vital. This case study analysis sought to explore state FFA officer perceptions of leadership competencies developed through participation in the National FFA Organization’s International Leadership Seminar for State Officers (ILSSO) which pivoted to a domestic study tour for 2022. The findings indicate participants perceived agricultural exposure and networking with peers as the development of leadership competencies. Participants also expressed perspective shifts around agricultural production methods and varied cultural experiences in the state of California. Recommendations include designing leadership curriculum for both short-term abroad and domestic tours with a framework grounded in leadership theory and replicating this study to compare findings in various contexts. Similar studies should also be conducted to assess outcomes of leadership development programs designed by the National FFA Organization.

갑질에 대한 경찰공무원의 인식차이 연구

This study began in that objective diagnosis and evaluation at the police organizational level are very necessary for the Gapjil problem.
 This study scenarioized the Gapjil situation based on actual cases to measure the perception of Gapjil by police officials. The types of Gapjil were categorized into verbal violence, mobbing and discrimination, and personnel disadvantages, and the level was measured. In addition, differences according to individual and working environment characteristics were examined.
 As a result of the study, it was found that the level of awareness of Gapjil among police officials was generally below the average. In addition, it was confirmed that there was a statistically significant difference in age in the perception of police officials according to personal characteristics. In terms of the characteristics of the working environment, it was confirmed that there were statistically significant differences in class, working department, and working hours per week.

Facilitators and barriers of appropriate and timely initial fluid administration in sepsis: A qualitative study

BackgroundSepsis is a medical emergency requiring prompt recognition, and early administration of intravenous fluids and antibiotics. While compliance with appropriate and timely administration of intravenous fluids has been found to be poor, the reasons are not well understood. Therefore, we have explored the experiences and perceptions of emergency nurses and medical officers from four hospitals to identify the associated facilitators and barriers. MethodsQualitative design incorporating six focus group discussions and thematic analysis of data. A hybrid approach using both inductive and deductive reasoning was used. FindingsFour key themes were developed: 1. Overcrowding and understaffing threaten appropriate fluid management in sepsis; 2. Variations in clinical practice results in suboptimal fluid management; 3. Challenges with clinical recognition of sepsis impedes timely fluid administration; 4. Top-down approach is necessary to improve fluid management. ConclusionThemes highlighted the specific challenges associated with fluid administration in sepsis in the emergency department setting providing potential strategies to be implemented to improve practice and ultimately patient outcomes.

Indonesian Society is Not Disabled Friendly?

The case of a state official required a Deaf person to answer questions submitted to a Deaf person on World Disabilities Day in 2021 by using spoken language and refusing to use sign language because it was considered that the disabled have the same abilities as the non- disabled group. The perception of these state officials is a representation of the Indonesian population in understanding disabilities. The purpose of this research is to prove that Indonesia already has a policy to align the life positions of disabled people with non-disabled people, but these policies do not reach the community level, so that people are not friendly to people with disabilities. This research uses descriptive qualitative method by analyzing interview data and indirect observation, as well as combining secondary data obtained from previous research, the website found that facilities in the form of infrastructure were uneven and low sign language skills for non-disabled groups led to a lack of knowledge about the existence of disabilities. The result of this study shows that the disabled group cannot adapt to their own environment so that the existence of disabilities is not widely known by the public. The lack of knowledge about people with disabilities causes people to think that disabled groups are the same as non-disabled groups. Such perception is then considered by the people of Indonesia to be unfriendly to persons with disabilities.

The Implementation of Anti-Illegal Logging Law in Eastern Visayas: An Assessment

Illegal logging contributes to conflicts with the local populations, political violence, funding armed conflicts, and worsening poverty. The main objective of this study was to determine the extent of the implementation of anti-illegal logging law in Eastern Visayas. Also, it aimed to identify the actions of the implementing agencies to the illegal logging activities and reasons why it persists. Purposive sampling was utilized to identify the eighteen forest protection officers from PENRO and CENRO of DENR and fifty-one police personnel in selected police stations. An explanatory sequential mixed method was employed in this study, using a combination of quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The findings revealed that forest law enforcers implemented the anti-illegal logging law in Eastern Visayas. The study further revealed no significant difference in the perception of the forest protection officers and the police respondents regarding the implementation of anti-illegal logging law. The actions taken by the implementing agencies were in coordination with other implementing agencies, anti-illegal logging operations conducted, apprehension, confiscation of logs, wood, chainsaws, and conveyances, and appropriate charges filed towards timber poachers The reasons why the problems persist were the lack of livelihood programs, timber poaching as a regular occupation, economic and political factors, minimal penalties, inadequate manpower, and noncooperation of the community. Thus, the anti-illegal logging law should be further carried out to protect the forest and the people’s general safety. Keywords: Criminology, Anti-illegal logging law, mixed methods, Philippines

Juvenile probation officer perception of contingency management to target caregiver engagement and training outcomes

Few community-based substance use treatment programs are available or skilled in treating justice-involved youth, highlighting the need to equip juvenile probation officers with the skills to deliver evidence-based substance use treatment. Contingency management (CM) is evidence-based for treating substance use and shows promise for juvenile probation officers’ successful uptake (positive opinions and trainability). However, research has not examined whether probation officers’ positive beliefs and trainability generalize to target behaviors beyond those displayed by youth, but that nevertheless affect youth outcomes. This study examined probation officers’ perceptions of using CM to engage caregivers and assessed probation officers’ CM knowledge and CM delivery after training in a protocol-specific CM program for caregivers of substance-using youth on probation. Results showed probation officers were ambivalent about CM for caregivers. Results also showed that age, training format and how competency is assessed may be essential to consider. Implications for the dissemination of CM and future research are discussed.

Perceptions of key education actors towards PISA: the case of Scotland

ABSTRACT This study explores the perceptions of government officials, teachers, and parents in Scotland regarding the use of Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) results to evaluate national education performance. International large-scale assessments (ILSAs) such as PISA have been increasingly influencing education policymaking worldwide, but there is limited understanding of how education actors perceive these assessments. This study uses Scotland’s recent declining performance in PISA after the implementation of the Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) reform in 2010 as a case study. Interviews with key officials involved in implementing the CfE, and parents’ and teachers’ representatives reveal their doubts about the validity of PISA as a means of assessing Scottish education performance. This is because PISA data lack comparability and accountability, as students’ academic performance is not impacted by PISA scores and teacher evaluations are not based on them. They do not consider that the PISA results reflect the effects of the CfE reform. These views contradict the Scottish government policy that PISA, among other assessments, is meant to inform policymakers and evaluate reform effects. Our findings have implications for countries that routinely use PISA to assess their educational performance and do not consider the views of education actors.

Adoption intentions of electronic procurement among public sector organisations (PSOs) in Ghana: emerging economy perspective

PurposeElectronic government procurement is an important platform that promotes efficient, transparent, competitive and agile delivery of procurement activities in public sector organisations. Implementing units who play a major role exhibits different attitude towards new technology. The purpose of this paper is to assess if there is any significant difference between optimistic and discomfort implementing units in relation to the implementation and intention to use the Ghana Electronic Procurement System (GHANEPS).Design/methodology/approachTechnology Readiness, Technology Acceptance and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and Diffusion Innovation Theory constituted the theoretical foundation. Guided by a cross sectional survey design, quantitative data from a sample of 181 procurement officers was collected using structured questionnaires. The hypothesised relationships were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsAlthough there were some observable differences, the bootstrap results show that the difference was not significant, implying that these two groups do not differ much about the GHANEPS introduction and implementation. This is justifiable in the case of Ghana because public policies are made by top officials, and those in the grassroot or implementation domain have no choice but to act accordingly.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focused on metropolitan, municipal, district assemblies, public hospitals, tertiary institutions and senior high schools.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to the critical antecedents for electronic procurement implementation and public sector management literature. It provides public institutions and practitioners with empirical evidence on how beliefs and perceptions of implementing units about electronic public procurement has some influence on attitude towards usage and intention to use. Positive attitudes and perceptions of the public procurement officers can be reinforced through adequate training and awareness creation.Social implicationsThis study outcomes can serve as philosophical underpinnings for societal development.Originality/valueThis study used a multi-group analysis to examine if there is any significant difference between these two categories of implementing units (optimistic group and discomfort group) in relation to facilitating conditions, personal innovativeness, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and ultimately to attitude and intention to use GHANEPS.