Perceptions Of Justice Research Articles

Perceptions of Probation Officer Procedural Justice and Recidivism: A Longitudinal Study in the Netherlands

The importance of procedural justice for reducing offending behavior has been demonstrated in numerous contexts and among various criminal justice authorities. However, to date, few studies have evaluated the importance of procedural justice in the probation officer–client relationship. Understanding how to reduce offending and prevent recidivism among people on probation is important as this group represents people among the most likely to engage in future offending. Using longitudinal data from the Prison Project, this study examines the association between perceptions of probation officer procedural justice, felt obligation to obey the law, and recidivism during a 12-month follow-up period. Results indicate that procedural justice is associated with a greater felt obligation to obey the law and lower odds of recidivism. Like other criminal justice authorities, how probation officers interact with their clients may impact their clients’ offending behavior.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ketidakpatuhan Masyarakat Dalam Melaporkan SPT Tahunan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi (Literature Riview)

The phenomenon of non-compliance in reporting annual tax notice has become a serious concern in the tax system. The study aims to identify and examine several factors that influence public non-compliance in reporting annual tax notice, compliance strategies and personal Annual reporting arrangements. Through the analysis of related literature, the study investigates the psychological, social, economic, and regulatory factors that potentially affect tax compliance. The findings of previous research, analysis of tax regulation, public perception of tax justice, income, educational level, and other factors are the main focus in exploring the aspects that affect non-compliance behaviour. The results show that public awareness in the personal Annual notice letter report remains low even though the ratio has increased. By understanding these factors, the author hopes to provide deeper knowledge to governments and relevant agencies in designing more effective strategies to improve tax compliance. Implications of this research include better policy development as well as more appropriate persuasive efforts to promote awareness and enforcement of tax systems to be efficient.

Rape Victims' Perceptions of Quality of Encounters With the Swedish Police.

This study focused on raped women's perceptions of their encounters with Swedish police, with a specific focus on quality of encounters, trust, questions asked during police interviews, and perceptions of justice. One hundred and six rape victims, 74 of whom had reported to the police, answered a web-based questionnaire. Results show that where officers explained their line of questioning the perceived intrusiveness of the questioning was lower, as was the level of perceived victim-blaming. Higher quality police encounters were associated with higher trust in the legal system and in police work, and with higher levels of received justice. Findings highlight the importance of trauma-informed policing as a response to sexual assault and provide insights which might help inform policy and practice developments, both in Sweden and more generally.

Mediator organizational justice in the relationship between power distance and organizational alienation

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediator role of organizational justice between healthcare workers power distance and organizational alienation. In the research, power distance is independent variable, organizational alienation is the dependent variable, and organizational justice is the mediating variable. The study used convenience sampling to reach 491 employees out of 4974 active employees from 14 public hospitals in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey. A survey was used in this research. The research analysis was carried out using the SPSS package programme. SPSS Process macro was used to determine the effect of mediation and Model 4 was used for mediation. The results of the study showed a positive association between power distance and organizational alienation.Also, the study results show a negative relationship between power distance and perception of organizational justice; It was concluded that there is a negative relationship between organizational alienation and perception of organizational justice. showed.Organizational justice has a significant mediating role in the effect of power distance on organizational alienation.

A Model Proposal for Developing a Solution and Determining the Administrative Problems of Hospitals in Turkey: The BUY Model.

Background and Purpose: This study was conducted in line with the request of the senior management of a hospital. The objective of the current research is to identify managerial problems through the relationship between health employees' perceptions of organizational justice, trust in the manager and the organization, and job satisfaction; develop a solution proposal over the relationships between these variables and motivation variables; and present a model proposal (BUY Model) as a result. Methods: The study sample is comprised of 673 employees. The study data were collected online using a questionnaire consisting of five scales. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Results: The findings obtained from the study showed that the participants' perceptions of organizational justice, trust in the manager and the organization, job satisfaction and motivation were generally at a moderate level. The study also determined that trust in the manager and the organization had a partial mediation effect on the effect of organizational justice on job satisfaction and the variables of trust in the organization, organizational justice, and trust in the manager, respectively, and especially, the job satisfaction variable also affected motivation. Conclusion: The BUY model was developed to identify problems related to the management of healthcare human resources and solve these problems. Considering the importance of the concepts of job satisfaction and motivation in terms of employee performance, health service quality, and patient satisfaction, it is thought that the developed model will benefit managers of health institutions in increasing the job satisfaction and motivation levels of health employees.

Security and Empowerment as Justice: Yezidi Women's Demands and Perceptions of Post-Genocide Justice

This article examines how Yezidi women's experiences before, during, and after the 2014 genocide have shaped their perceptions and demands for justice. Drawing from interviews conducted between 2018 and 2021 among Sinjari Yezidis in Iraq and in the diaspora, I found diverse demands: older women prioritize a safe return to Sinjar, while younger women seek socioeconomic rights and an end to structural violence, and survivors of captivity emphasize retribution. These demands converge around Yezidis' longing for equality, security, and empowerment in Iraq, highlighting the necessity of a human security approach to attain transformative justice for minorities in the country.

Effects of Organizational Justice on Social Loafing: The Mediating Role of Felt Obligation

Although there has been an increasing body of work on social loafing for over ten years, there are still gaps in our understanding that require further investigation. There is currently a lack of research on organizational justice and the sense of duty towards social loafing. This study examines how organizational fairness (procedural, distributive, interactional) affects social loafing to address a gap in the existing literature. According to social exchange theory, the study predicted that perceived obligation would act as a mediator in the relationship between organizational justice and social loafing. Information was collected from 272 private sector employees in Malaysia. The measurements were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. With the exception of distributive justice, most direct links have a considerable influence on social loafing, as indicated by the data. Statistical findings confirmed the mediating role of perceived obligation between procedural fairness, distributive justice, and social loafing. The findings did not show that felt obligation plays a mediating role in the link between interactional justice and social loafing behavior. The study advanced knowledge by establishing new connections between organizational fairness, felt obligation, and social loafing behavior. Distinct measures of employees' perceptions of organizational justice offer a more comprehensive understanding of the connection between negative outcomes and their views of the organization. Additionally, the reciprocation process explains the link between organizational justice and social loafing. This research demonstrates that organizational fairness is a crucial component in predicting social loafing behavior, which would be advantageous for employers and human resource experts. Improvements can be made by establishing equitable and uniform workplace standards, encouraging employee input and involvement in decision-making, and demonstrating decency and respect for subordinates to prevent counterproductive actions like social loafing.

Dimensions of social justice: beliefs about integration in education and different types of prejudice in Argentine

Perceptions of social justice are recognized as a key element in the formation of attitudes and behaviors towards certain social groups. The social justice dimensions (recognition, redistribution, and representation) interact differentially with demographic and psychosocial characteristics; however, few studies have delved into the differences in their association. This study had three aims: 1) to analyze the social justice dimensions according to age, gender, region, and educational level; 2) to study the correlation of social justice dimensions with beliefs about the educational inclusion of migrants, agreement with attitudes towards paying taxes and gender; and 3) to explore whether the social justice dimensions contribute to the levels of prejudice towards different social groups (people in poverty, immigrants, and homosexuals). A total of 1,810 subjects from Argentina, aged 18 to 80 years (Mage = 45.76 years; 53.7% women) participated in the study. Differences in the social justice dimensions were observed according to gender, age, and educational level, but not according to region. Social justice dimensions correlated with beliefs about educational inclusion of migrants, gender, equality in education, and attitudes toward paying taxes. Social justice dimensions contributed to higher/lower levels of prejudice toward different social groups. The scope and limits of the relationships between the three-dimensional model of social justice with demographic and psychosocial variables explored in this study are discussed.

A value to voice? An examination of auditor upward feedback

PurposeIn this paper, the authors examine auditor upward feedback, which provides a unique opportunity for staff auditors to exercise their voice within an audit firm. Upward feedback can improve employee perceptions of fairness and justice while mitigating feelings of burnout and turnover intentions, thus enhancing audit quality. However, it is unclear which circumstances improve the likelihood that auditors will use their voice and give feedback to superiors. The purpose of this study is to investigate contextual factors that impact the likelihood that auditors will provide upward feedback.Design/methodology/approachUsing a 2 × 2 + 2 experiment with staff auditors, the authors test the likelihood of giving feedback when presented with different feedback systems (electronic anonymous, face-to-face or no opportunity) and experiences with managers (favorable or unfavorable).FindingsThe authors find that, while feedback type alone does not change the likelihood of auditors providing upward feedback, auditors are more likely to provide feedback after a favorable manager experience than an unfavorable one. The likelihood of providing feedback after an unfavorable experience is higher, however, when the feedback type is electronic and anonymous as opposed to face-to-face. Additional analyses illustrate strong relationships between manager experience, feedback type and procedural justice, which significantly influence the turnover intentions of staff auditors.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the authors are the first to examine the value of subordinates’ upward feedback on firm outcomes, including burnout and turnover intention.

Determinan Persepsi Mahasiswa Mengenai Penggelapan Pajak dengan Penerapan Teknologi Informasi sebagai Variabel Moderasi

The aim of this research is to determine the factors that have an impact on students' views regarding tax evasion with the application of information technology as a moderating variable. The sample in this research is accounting students class of 2020 concentrating on taxation at Putra Indonesia University "YPTK" Padang. The selection of students as samples was based on the reason that they represent the future generation of taxpayers. The aim is to contribute to reducing tax evasion behavior, overcoming various practices that deviate from tax obligations. The sampling technique for this research used convenience sampling. Respondents in this study totaled 128 respondents. Data analysis using multiple linear regression with SPSS 26 tools. Based on the findings, it was found that tax justice and tax discrimination had a positive and significant impact on students' perceptions or views regarding tax evasion, but not the tax system. IT as a moderating variable has a partial moderating influence on the relationship between tax justice and students' perceptions or views regarding tax evasion. However, it cannot moderate the influence of the tax system and tax discrimination on student perceptions or views regarding tax evasion among accounting students with a tax concentration class of 2020 at UPI "YPTK" Padang.

The role of intent to harm in workplace aggression

AbstractConceptualizations of workplace aggression converge in treating intent to harm others as a necessary feature of aggression. However, inspection of workplace aggression scales suggests that many items do not specify intent to harm. In a series of three studies, we examined the effect of inclusion of intent to harm on workplace aggression's psychometric properties. Study 1 found that existing workplace aggression scales do not consistently specify or imply intent to harm. Study 2 found that inclusion of intent to harm has substantial implications for aggression's occurrence rate. Prior research that does not assess intent to harm overestimates the frequency of aggression. Study 3A found that workplace aggression's correlations with external variables were also overestimated when failing to include intent to harm. We found that aggression measured without specifying intent is highly correlated with counterproductive work behavior (CWB), whereas aggression measured with intent specified is empirically distinguished from CWB. In Study 3A, a construct‐valid workplace aggression scale was created, called the Intentional Workplace Aggression Scale (IWAS). Study 3B showed that the IWAS displayed relationships with affective constructs, such as trait anger and emotional stability, as well as with situational variables, such as job satisfaction and organizational justice perceptions.

Social Justice and the Old-Age Pension System in the Slovak Republic

The aim of the contribution is to examine how eligible voters in the 2020 parliamentary election perceive social justice in relation to the old-age pension system in the Slovak Republic. The sub-objective is to analyse possible significant differences in the perception of social justice among eligible voters in the 2020 parliamentary election in relation to the old-age pension system in terms of their political orientation. 701 respondents (349 women and 352 men) responded to questions asking about their political orientation as eligible voters in the parliamentary election in Slovakia in 2020 and the degree of perceived social justice in relation to the old-age pension system of the Slovak Republic. The results showed the fair distribution of deposits and returns is important for the respondents’ perception of social justice in relation to the old-age pension system of the Slovak Republic. The analyses showed that respondents with different political orientations had different opinions on the extent to which the calculation of the old-age pension should depend on the amount of income.

Empathetic Influence: Charting a Course for Employee Well-being Through Leadership in the Service Sector

This study explores a crucial role of empathy in leadership style, focusing its impact on employee wellbeing. Through a comprehensive analysis it aims to inform leadership practices to develop a positive workforce environment, enhancing the overall organizational wellbeing. Empathetic leadership involves the understanding follower’s emotions and taking proactive caring actions, the leadership style works with the mediation of distributive justice that create a perception of fair and equal allocation of resources and rewards in organization. Such leadership style promotes positive relationships, enhanced teamwork and contribute in organizational productivity. Empathetic leaders possess skills that are crucial for adapting global trends and creating supporting work environment, particularly in adapting organizational change. Employee wellbeing is crucial for organizational success, which is significantly influenced by empathetic leadership with the perception of distributive justice, resulting in higher job satisfaction, organizational commitment and overall enhanced work environment.

Феномен справедливості як правової цінності: науковий дискурс сучасного розуміння

The article clarifies the determining features of justice as a legal value through the prism of modern legal understanding. It is noted that justice is one of the most important problems of our time, which reflects the extremely complex dialectical processes of the legal development of global society. As a value, it forms the worldview attitudes of society, people's vision of their future, their eternal aspirations for harmony and perfection of social relations. And also allows to comprehensively understand the meaning and content of modern processes of state and law-making. Four criteria of justice in the legal dimension are singled out: 1) equality; 2) distinction; 3) ideas of humanism; 4) systematicity. The phenomenon of justice as a legal value is revealed and its dynamic nature and relative constancy of the criteria for its definition in the legal dimension are noted, which is caused by real changes in the political life of society, legal matter, economy, etc. It is natural that all evolutionary and transformational processes within society significantly affect the general perception of justice or injustice, as well as the criteria for their assessment. That is, the understanding of justice has a specific historical, socio-cultural and political-legal context, and depends on the constantly changing social life. It is concluded that justice occupies a decisive place in the integral system of legal values. It reflects the practical side of the implementation of law as an effective regulator of social relations, a tool that has a powerful human-creating potential. Through legal means, legal institutions, justice embodies the high purpose of law, its humanistic nature.

The importance of social comparison in perceived justice during the service recovery process

PurposeThis study aims to analyse how consumers' perceptions of justice in a service recovery scenario vary, not only due to the company's actions but also due to the comparisons they make with the experiences of other consumers.Design/methodology/approachBased on justice theory, social comparison theory and referent cognitions theory, this study describes an eight-scenario experiment with better or worse interactional, procedural and distributive justice (better/worse interactional justice given to other consumers) × 2 (better/worse procedural justice given to other consumers) × 2 (better/worse distributive justice given to other consumers).FindingsFirst, consumers' perceptions of interactional, procedural and distributive justice vary based on the comparisons they draw with other consumers' experiences. Second, the results confirmed that interactional justice has a moderating effect on procedural justice, whereas procedural justice does not significantly moderate distributive justice.Originality/valueFirst, based on justice theory, social comparison theory and referent cognitions theory, we focus on the influence of the treatment received by other consumers on the consumer's perceived justice in the same service recovery situation. Second, it is proposed that the three justice dimensions follow a defined sequence through the service recovery phases. Third, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to propose a multistage model in which some justice dimensions influence other justice dimensions.

“Give me an upgrade or I will give you a bad review!” Investigating customer threats in the hospitality industry

This work is a first attempt to explain the phenomenon of customer threats and identify the individual and situational factors that drive this phenomenon in tourism and hospitality. Towards this goal, one qualitative and two quantitative studies are employed. Study 1 conceptualizes customer threats by uncovering two of the most common forms of verbal threats (i.e., threat to switch and threat to negative word of mouth) and their distinctive features as well as customers’ motivations behind them, and some situational conditions that favor the enactment of customer threats. Using a survey-based approach, study 2 sheds light on three incident-specific drivers (i.e., psychological reactance, rumination, and justice perceptions) of the two main forms of customer threats. Finally, using an experimental approach, study 3 assesses the effectiveness of two service recovery strategies (self-service recovery vs. human-based recovery) at mitigating customer threats following service failure incidents.

The effect of organizational justice on police officers’ perception of procedural justice in the South Korea: the mediating roles of perceived discretion and responsiveness

PurposeRecently, the interest of scholars studying procedural justice in policing has shifted from the relationship between procedural justice and citizen compliance to trust in police officers’ perceptions of who exercises it. This study explores the relationship between organizational justice and the perception of procedural justice from the perspective of police officers. Furthermore, it investigates the mediating roles of discretion and responsiveness.Design/methodology/approachUsing 441 survey responses from South Korean police officers, a mediation model is outlined and tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that police officers’ perceptions of organizational justice had indirect effects on the perceived importance of procedural justice. Moreover, discretion and responsiveness mediate the relationship between organizational justice and perceived procedural justice.FindingsOfficers who perceive police fairness are more likely to have a positive perception of procedural justice toward citizens when they have a higher level of discretion and responsiveness. However, police officers’ perceptions of organizational justice are not directly linked to their perceptions of procedural justice.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the generalization of knowledge by empirically testing Van Craen’s theoretical model of the Korean police. It also expands the existing theoretical model by investigating the influence of overall organizational justice and its possible mediators on procedural justice.

Justice Perceptions, Sexual Identity, and Race: Likelihood of Police Reporting Intentions Following Sexual Assault

Perceptions of law enforcement shape a willingness to report crime and are particularly important for sex crimes and among groups oppressed or neglected by the legal system. We examine three types of perceptions of justice—the fairness of outcomes (distributive), procedures (procedural), and victim treatment (interpersonal). We expect each measure of justice perceptions to increase the likelihood of reporting, or recommending a friend report, a hypothetical sexual assault to police. Our survey of 18- to 24-year-old women ( N = 1,414) oversampled women of color and stratified the sample by educational attainment. In a series of path analyses, we find full support for our hypotheses about reporting one’s own sexual assault and partial support for encouraging a friend to report based on perceptions of three forms of justice. In addition, we examined indirect effects of sexual identity and race on reporting intentions and discuss how those patterns are partially driven by negative perceptions of justice.

RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN THE RESOLUTION OF SEXUAL CRIMES IN MEDAN CITY

Objective: Objective study This is the application of restorative justice to resolving sexual crimes in the city of Medan. One important aspect of implementing restorative justice is the development of a different mindset in the justice system. This system rejects the conventional view, which only views the perpetrator as the object of punishment and the victim as the party who has the right to obtain justice through sanctions against the perpetrator. In contrast, a restorative approach sees perpetrators as individuals who can take responsibility for their actions and have the potential to improve themselves. Apart from that, victims are also considered an integral part of the recovery process, and the community is given a more active role in supporting this process. Methods: As for the method of study This is a qualitative study, and research qualitative is a research method used to understand social phenomena in depth. The researcher used a case study because it allowed them to gain a deep understanding of the context, process, and complexity of the phenomenon being studied. Type study This possible researcher will dig for perspective, experience, and possible meaning hidden in the data collected related to restorative justice in resolving sexual crimes in the city of Medan. Then the researcher analyzes or draws an interesting conclusion to find an answer from the researchers thorough. Conclusions: Results from the study show that the implementation of restorative justice for sexual harassment cases in Medan faces a number of challenges involving complexity, sensitivity, and perceptions of justice. Findings from observations and interviews with court officials show that the use of restorative justice in this context is still rarely adopted. The main factors causing this low adoption involve the complexity of sexual assault cases, a lack of understanding of restorative justice, and concerns about the safety and protection of victims.

Predictors of Social Justice: Critical Thinking Disposition and Student Personal Responsibility

The increase in diversity in society and, thus, in schools brings the possibility of an increase in the number of students exposed to prejudice and discrimination due to their differences. Therefore, there is a need for teachers who can support students' perceptions of social justice. This study aims to examine the predictive power of CT disposition and SP responsibility on social justice attitudes in prospective social studies teachers. 341 prospective social studies teachers from universities in various cities of Turkey participated in the study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that CT disposition predicted social justice, while SP responsibility did not have a significant effect. The study's results underline the importance of increasing CT disposition to increase prospective teachers' social justice attitudes. It is necessary to include CT disposition development in studies on social justice.