Form Perception Research Articles

Identification of the specificity of functionality of the military-industrial complex

The subject of this research is the economic relations formed as a result of operation and development of military-industrial complex, which affect economic growth of the country. The object of this research is the military-industrial complex. The goal consists in determination of peculiarities of functionality of military-industrial complex. The author explores such aspects of the topic, as the evolution of approaches towards studying the military-industrial complex, as well as nuances of its functionality. Special attention is paid to the structure of military-industrial complex, highlighting its key components and determining interaction between them. The author’s main contribution lies in the proposed interpretation of the military-industrial complex, formulated as a result of critical analysis of relevant scientific representations on its essence, and reflecting the specifics of its functionality. The novelty consists in the analysis and systematization of scientific approaches to definition of military-industrial complex; its structural perception in form of modified scheme of O. Williamson with indication of major stakeholders and relations between them, which is based on the concept of “iron triangle”; identification of basic transformation trends of the military-industrial complex, as well as characteristics that differentiate it from other economic macro-sectors.

The Poetry of Thomas Lux: Biophilia Meets Theory of Mind

Thomas Lux often scrutinizes the relationship between humans and their physical environment, illustrating biophilia in action: the continuing power of nature to fascinate, frighten, and repel us. He concludes that our perception of nonhuman life forms is distorted by cognitive predispositions that encourage species bias and illusions of specialness.

Impairment of cyclopean surface processing by disparity-defined masking stimuli.

Binocular disparity signals allow for the estimation of three-dimensional shape, even in the absence of monocular depth cues. The perception of such disparity-defined form depends, however, on the linkage of multiple disparity measurements over space. Performance limitations in cyclopean tasks thus inform us about errors arising in disparity measurement and difficulties in the linkage of such measurements. We used a cyclopean orientation discrimination task to examine the perception of disparity-defined form. Participants were presented with random-dot sinusoidal modulations in depth and asked to report whether they were clockwise or counter-clockwise rotated. To assess the effect of different noise structures on measurement and linkage processes, task performance was measured in the presence of binocular, random-dot masks, structured as either antiphase depth sinusoids, or as random distributions of dots in depth. For a fixed number of surface dots, the ratio of mask-to-surface dots was varied to obtain thresholds for orientation discrimination. Antiphase masks were found to be more effective than random depth masks, requiring a lower mask-to-surface dot ratio to inhibit performance. For antiphase masks, performance improved with decreased cyclopean frequency, increased disparity amplitude, and/or an increase in the total number of stimulus dots. Although a cross-correlation model of disparity measurement could account for antiphase mask performance, random depth masking effects were consistent with limitations in relative disparity processing. This suggests that performance is noise-limited for antiphase masks and complexity-limited for random masks. We propose that use of differing mask types may prove effective in understanding these distinct forms of impairment.

Late disruption of central visual field disrupts peripheral perception of form and color.

Evidence from neuroimaging and brain stimulation studies suggest that visual information about objects in the periphery is fed back to foveal retinotopic cortex in a separate representation that is essential for peripheral perception. The characteristics of this phenomenon have important theoretical implications for the role fovea-specific feedback might play in perception. In this work, we employed a recently developed behavioral paradigm to explore whether late disruption to central visual space impaired perception of color. In the first experiment, participants performed a shape discrimination task on colored novel objects in the periphery while fixating centrally. Consistent with the results from previous work, a visual distractor presented at fixation ~100ms after presentation of the peripheral stimuli impaired sensitivity to differences in peripheral shapes more than a visual distractor presented at other stimulus onset asynchronies. In a second experiment, participants performed a color discrimination task on the same colored objects. In a third experiment, we further tested for this foveal distractor effect with stimuli restricted to a low-level feature by using homogenous color patches. These two latter experiments resulted in a similar pattern of behavior: a central distractor presented at the critical stimulus onset asynchrony impaired sensitivity to peripheral color differences, but, importantly, the magnitude of the effect was stronger when peripheral objects contained complex shape information. These results show a behavioral effect consistent with disrupting feedback to the fovea, in line with the foveal feedback suggested by previous neuroimaging studies.

The Effects of Polyhedrons in Developing Three Dimensional Form Perception

This study was conducted to determine whether it is possible to combine the traditional education model and computational design approach to improve the three dimensional morphology. In this study, many national and international publications related to the research subject were examined and a theoretical framework was established and a workshop was conducted with 42 students who received architectural basic design education. In order to evaluate the workshop, a questionnaire was collected with the students who participated in the workshop. The data obtained from the survey were evaluated with the statistical evaluation program (SPSS). In the study, students' individual gains in the workshop process; shape space perception development 82.9%, three-dimensional thinking skills 92.7%, self-confidence and decision-making ability to use 39%, 73.2% to have the chance to try and error, 95.1% of learning skills, while they were found to have acquired. Students' group work gains; 87.2%, the decision-making experience 84.6%, the discussion and exchange of ideas 79.5%. When the design models learned by the students are examined; understanding of the number of edges, corners and surfaces of smooth four sides was determined as 82.1%, and the number of edges, corners and surfaces of the cube was 79.5%. In this study; as a formatting method and computational design has achieved a great deal of success in terms of providing basic gains. Polyhedrons have been identified as a suitable design object in order to improve the three-dimensional morphology and to combine the traditional education model with computational design approach.

Becoming sexy: Contrapposto pose increases attractiveness ratings and modulates observers’ brain activity

Previous neurophysiological studies have revealed the neural correlates of human body form perception, as well as those related to the perception of attractive body sizes. In the current study we aimed to extend the neurophysiological studies regarding body perception by investigating the perception of human body posture to provide insights into the cognitive mechanisms responsive to bodily form, and the processing of its attractiveness. To achieve these aims, we used the contrapposto posture which creates an exaggeration of low waist to hip ratio (WHR), an indicator of women's attractiveness. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded while participants completed both (i) an oddball task presenting female body forms differing in pose (contrapposto vs. standing) and viewing angle (anterior vs. posterior), and (ii) a subsequent active attractiveness judgement task. Behavioral results showed that a contrapposto pose is considered more attractive than a neutral standing pose. Results at the neural level showed that body posture modulates the visual information processing in early ERP components, indicating attentional variations depending on human body posture; as well as in late components, indicating further differences in attention and attractiveness judgement of stimuli varying in body pose. Furthermore, the LORETA results identified the middle temporal gyrus as well as angular gyrus as the key brain regions activated in association with the perception and attractiveness judgment of females’ bodies with different body poses. Overall, the current paper suggests the evolutionary adaptive preference for lower WHRs as in the contrapposto pose activating brain regions associated with visual perception and attractiveness judgement.

A crítica de arte e suas mediações: Mário Pedrosa e a construção de uma plataforma estética concretista no Rio de Janeiro entre as décadas de 1940 e 1950

Resumo O crítico de arte Mário Pedrosa destacou-se, entre o final de década de 1940 e o início da década de 1950, ao contribuir para a formação de um núcleo de arte concreta no Rio de Janeiro, juntamente com o artista e professor Ivan Serpa. Enquanto Serpa reuniu esses artistas em suas aulas de pintura, debatendo os trabalhos que eram ali apresentados, Pedrosa fez de sua casa um espaço para apresentar as ideias que estava desenvolvendo em sua tese sobre a percepção da forma na obra de arte. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o papel ocupado por Pedrosa na construção de um projeto artístico, em relação àquele desempenhado por Serpa, atuando como mediador em diversos níveis: apresentando os novos artistas ao público na condição de crítico, e atuando como um “teórico” no interior de um grupo de artistas.

More than meets the eye: Longitudinal visual system neurodevelopment in very preterm children and anophthalmia

Anophthalmia, characterized by the absence of an eye(s), is a rare major birth defect with a relatively unexplored neuroanatomy. Longitudinal comparison of white matter development in an anophthalmic (AC) very preterm (VPT) child with both binocular VPT and full-term (FT) children provides unique insights into early neurodevelopment of the visual system. VPT-born neonates (<32wks gestational age), including the infant with unilateral anophthalmia, underwent neuroimaging every two years from birth until 8 years. DTI images (N = 168) of the optic radiation (OR) and a control track, the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), were analysed. The diameter of the optic nerves (ON) were analysed using T1-weighted images. Significant group differences in FA and AD were found bilaterally in the OR and PLIC. This extends the literature on altered white matter development in VPT children, being the first longitudinal study showing stable group differences across the 4, 6 and 8 year timepoints. AC showed greater deficits in FA and AD bilaterally, but recovered towards VPT group means from 4 to 8 years-of-age. Complete lack of binocular input would be responsible for these early deficits; compensatory mechanisms may facilitate structural improvement over time. AC’s ON exhibited significant atrophy ipsilateral to the anophthalmic eye. Functionally, AC displayed normal visual acuity and form perception, but naso-temporal bias in motion perception. Following these groups and AC longitudinally enabled novel understanding of the joint influence of monocular vision and VPT birth on neurodevelopment.

PROFESSIONAL WELL-BEING IN CONNECTION WITH IMPAIRMENTS OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION AND PERCEPTION OF EVERYDAY STRESS AMONG DEFECTOLOGISTS

Aim. The article examines the results of an empirical study of the professional well-being of defectologists and its relationship with emotional dysregulation and the perception of everyday stress. Methods. An empirical study was conducted on a sample of defectologists (correctional educators and special psychologists) who work with children with autism spectrum disorders. For the study, the following were used: the methodology for assessing professional well-being (further MAPW), the questionnaire of everyday stressors and the questionnaire of emotional dysregulation. Empirical data processing methods: analysis of mean values, analysis of nonparametric criteria, correlation analysis. Results. The study made it possible to establish the characteristics of the professional well-being of defectologists, to describe the subjective perception of their own functioning in the professional sphere and to determine the relationship between the duration of professional activity and the indicators of the components of professional well-being. It was found that there was an inverse statistically significant relationship between the components of professional well-being with the spheres of perception of everyday stressful events and the forms of emotional dysregulation. Conclusions. The results of the analysis led to the conclusion that speech pathologists who work with children with autism spectrum disorders have a low level of professional well-being. Also, statistically significant interrelationships between the components of professional well-being with the perception of everyday stress and forms of impaired emotional regulation were revealed.

Wie zijn er nu toleranter? De perceptie van imperatieven in het Pools en het Nederlands in een informele context

This contribution focuses on the perception of the imperative forms in spontaneous informal conversations among native speakers of Polish and Dutch, and reports on a pilot survey of standards of politeness. Since imperatives in Polish and Dutch are used qualitatively and quantitatively in a different way, we can assume that their perception is also different for native speakers of both languages. Using a survey consisting of, among other things, an assessment task, an attempt was made to investigate how polite the respondents think the imperative forms are, and how their assessment is influenced by the context of the utterance.

Precise Targeting of Single Microelectrodes to Orientation Pinwheel Centers.

In the mammalian visual system, early stages of visual form perception begin with orientation selective neurons in primary visual cortex (V1). In many species (including humans, monkeys, tree shrews, cats, and ferrets), these neurons are organized in pinwheel-like orientation columns. To study the functional organization within orientation pinwheels, it is important to target pinwheel subdomains precisely. We therefore developed a technique to provide a quantitative determination of the location of pinwheel centers (PCs). Previous studies relied solely on blood vessel images of the cortical surface to guide electrode penetrations to PCs in orientation maps. However, considerable spatial error remained using this method. In the present study, we improved the accuracy of targeting PCs by ensuring perpendicularity of electrodes and by utilizing the orientation tuning of local field potentials (LFP) recorded at or near the optically determined positions.

Efektivitas Pasal 28 Ayat (1) UU ITE tentang Penyebaran Berita Bohong (Hoax)

The presence of the internet can make it easier for humans to obtain, process and present information so that humans are very smooth in carrying out their affairs at the national and international levels, for example in terms of education, culture, kinship, technology, art, commerce, banking, and government. One of the crimes that can be placed on line is the dissemination of false news (hoaxes). Hoax aims to create public opinion, lead opinion, form perceptions, also to have fun that tests the intelligence and accuracy of internet and social media users. . The Hoax case occurred and the spread was so rapid because of the people who easily believed. So that the dissemination of information easier to spread good word of mouth that spread through the media oline like whatsapp and facebook. And one of the villages that will be studied by the researchers is Desa Sanenrejo, Kecamatan Tempurejo, Jember.Keywords: internet, internet crime, hoax

Cognitive Styles in Solving Educational Tasks

The article considers the influence of cognitive styles and individual features of perception and coding information on teaching geometry. Cognitive styles can determine success in learning, as they are manifested in the individual characteristics of the cognitive processes of students, their ways of perception, thinking, and action. Special attention is paid to the problems of connection of cognitive styles with interhemispheric brain asymmetry, level of intelligence, and motivation of a personality. The article underlines a very important for the learning process individual characteristic of a student. It is ‘differentiation of the field’, which means the influence of differences of the external environment on human decision-making. Differentiation of the field is described in terms of field dependence – field independence. Field dependence as a cognitive style means dominance of the whole, a lack of differentiation of parts in an image of perception, a disability to overcome the context, to select separate stimuli from the background. Field independence is an ability to resist the influence of conflicting background signs in the perception of visual forms and ties, an ability to perceive the whole, to allocate parts from complex figures, to choose stimuli from a context. In the conducted experimental research there were offered examples of tasks that allow to form cognitive ‘flexibility’ and overcome difficulties of students in analyzing geometric problems text. There were highlighted types of such tasks that were characterized by an educational effect. The conclusions from the experiment show that taking into account the parameters of cognitive styles with regular use of the system of developed tasks has a positive impact on the achievement of subject results in teaching students. The analysis of scientific and educational literature was carried out in order to make the understanding of the categories in this insufficiently researched area available to a wide range of school teachers.

Method of Vertical Cross Configuration in Optimizing Potential of Paper Waste and Dry Leafs as a Base Material for Producing Comboard

This research starts with motivation to reduce dependence on natural materials in construction works especially at interior design. Another thing is a quick look at the amount of waste paper and dry leafs in every corner of the city which can mean that the basic ingredients will be sufficient for production activities. It is these two things that encourage production of materials like panel to support construction activities. Whay? Because panels are main raw material for housing construction which continues to grow and community demand is large every year. This thinking gives an idea of making a comboard. Structurally, comboard is a panel product with an inner structure made of paper and outer structure / layer is composed of dry leafs. The resulting shape can produce a combination board as a panel material that has a functional and aesthetic value. In general, the creating direction of a comboard panel is directed to producing panel that is suitable for use, and can be accountable for as a construction and aesthetic material in interior implementation. Utilization is expected to provide added value to paper waste and dry leafs as a potential material that is not only as a waste variable that pollutes the city. To compile and shape paper waste and dry leaf into comboard products, a number of forming experiments were done and composing these limp and fragile waste sheets into solid, strong and sturdy panels. From several experiments that's been conducted, it produced one precise and accurate production pattern in making the structure and surface of the panel from the waste sheets. This production pattern is called the method of vertical cross configuration. The reason for this method is perception of solid form and development of form and function afterwards. So focus of this study is to discuss how to arrange vertical crosses that are used to arrange sheets of paper and dry leafs into comboard products that are able to do well and correctly by method vertical cross configuration. Keywords : vertical cross configuration, visual image, comboard, panel function DOI : 10.7176/ADS/79-03 Publication date : December 31st 2019

The development and application of a mobile-based data collection system for a growth monitoring programme in selected primary care centres in the Republic of Mauritius

There is increased interest in child nutrition globally which has resulted in high-level commitments to address child malnutrition. However, monitoring these commitments are hindered by non-existent or weak paper-based child...

Play enhances visual form perception in infancy-an active training study.

Motor experiences and active exploration during early childhood may affect individual differences in a wide range of perceptual and cognitive abilities. In the current study, we suggest that active exploration of objects facilitates the ability to process object forms and magnitudes, which in turn impacts the development of numerosity perception. We tested our hypothesis by conducting a preregistered active exploration intervention with 59 8‐month‐old infants. The minimal intervention consisted of actively playing with and exploring blocks once a day for 8 weeks. In order to control for possible training effects on attention, we used book reading as a control condition. Pre‐ and post‐test assessments using eye‐tracking showed that block play improved visual form perception, where infants became better at detecting a deviant shape. Furthermore, using three control tasks, we showed that the intervention specifically improved infants' ability to process visual forms and the effect could not be explained by a domain general improvement in attention or visual perception. We found that the intervention did not improve numerosity perception and suggest that because of the sequential nature of our hypothesis, a longer time frame might be needed to see improvements in this ability. Our findings indicate that if infants are given more opportunities for play and exploration, it will have positive effects on their visual form perception, which in turn could help their understanding of geometrical concepts.

Enhancing Interaction with Augmented Reality through Mid-Air Haptic Feedback: Architecture Design and User Feedback

Nowadays, Augmented-Reality (AR) head-mounted displays (HMD) deliver a more immersive visualization of virtual contents, but the available means of interaction, mainly based on gesture and/or voice, are yet limited and obviously lack realism and expressivity when compared to traditional physical means. In this sense, the integration of haptics within AR may help to deliver an enriched experience, while facilitating the performance of specific actions, such as repositioning or resizing tasks, that are still dependent on the user’s skills. In this direction, this paper gathers the description of a flexible architecture designed to deploy haptically enabled AR applications both for mobile and wearable visualization devices. The haptic feedback may be generated through a variety of devices (e.g., wearable, graspable, or mid-air ones), and the architecture facilitates handling the specificity of each. For this reason, within the paper, it is discussed how to generate a haptic representation of a 3D digital object depending on the application and the target device. Additionally, the paper includes an analysis of practical, relevant issues that arise when setting up a system to work with specific devices like HMD (e.g., HoloLens) and mid-air haptic devices (e.g., Ultrahaptics), such as the alignment between the real world and the virtual one. The architecture applicability is demonstrated through the implementation of two applications: (a) Form Inspector and (b) Simon Game, built for HoloLens and iOS mobile phones for visualization and for UHK for mid-air haptics delivery. These applications have been used to explore with nine users the efficiency, meaningfulness, and usefulness of mid-air haptics for form perception, object resizing, and push interaction tasks. Results show that, although mobile interaction is preferred when this option is available, haptics turn out to be more meaningful in identifying shapes when compared to what users initially expect and in contributing to the execution of resizing tasks. Moreover, this preliminary user study reveals some design issues when working with haptic AR. For example, users may be expecting a tailored interface metaphor, not necessarily inspired in natural interaction. This has been the case of our proposal of virtual pressable buttons, built mimicking real buttons by using haptics, but differently interpreted by the study participants.

Short-term numerosity training promotes symbolic arithmetic in children with developmental dyscalculia: The mediating role of visual form perception.

Studies have shown that numerosity-based arithmetic training can promote arithmetic learning in typically developing children as well as children with developmental dyscalculia (DD), but the cognitive mechanism underlying this training effect remains unclear. The main aim of the current study was to examine the role of visual form perception in arithmetic improvement through an 8-day numerosity training for DD children. Eighty DD children were selected from four Chinese primary schools. They were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received training on an apple-collecting game, whereas the control group received an English dictation task. Children's cognitive and arithmetic performances were assessed before and after training. The results showed that the intervention group showed a significant improvement in arithmetic performance, approximate number system (ANS) acuity, and visual form perception, but not in spatial processing and sentence comprehension. The control group showed no significant improvement in any cognitive ability. Mediation analysis further showed that training-related improvement in arithmetic performance was fully mediated by the improvement in visual form perception. The results suggest that short-term numerosity training enhances the arithmetic performance of DD children by improving their visual form perception.

Exploring contemporary patterns of cultural consumption: offline and online film watching in the UK

This paper focuses on patterns of film consumption within cultural consumption more broadly to assess trends in consumerism such as eclectic consumption, individualised consumption and omnivorous/univorous consumption and whether economic background and status feature in shaping cultural consumption. We focus on film because it is widely consumed, online and offline, and has many genres that vary in terms of perceived artistic and entertainment value. In broad terms, film is differentiated between mainstream commercially driven film such as Hollywood blockbusters, middlebrow ‘feel good’ movies and independent arthouse and foreign language film. Our empirical statistical analysis shows that film consumers watch a wide range of genres. However, films deemed to hold artistic value such as arthouse and foreign language feature as part of broad and wide-ranging pattern of consumption of film that attracts its own dedicated consumers. Though we found that social and economic factors remain predictors of cultural consumption the overall picture is more complex than a simple direct correspondence and perceptions of other cultural forms also play a role. Those likely to consume arthouse and foreign language film consume other film genres and other cultural forms genres and those who ‘prefer’ arthouse and foreign language film have slightly more constrained socio-economic characteristics. Overall, we find that economic and cultural factors such income, education, and wider consumption of culture are significant in patterns of film consumption.

Exploring contemporary patterns of cultural consumption: offline and online film watching in the UK

This paper focuses on patterns of film consumption within cultural consumption more broadly to assess trends in consumerism such as eclectic consumption, individualised consumption and omnivorous/univorous consumption and whether economic background and status feature in shaping cultural consumption. We focus on film because it is widely consumed, online and offline, and has many genres that vary in terms of perceived artistic and entertainment value. In broad terms, film is differentiated between mainstream commercially driven film such as Hollywood blockbusters, middlebrow “feel good” movies and independent arthouse and foreign language film. Our empirical statistical analysis shows that film consumers watch a wide range of genres. However, films deemed to hold artistic value such as arthouse and foreign language feature as part of broad and wide-ranging pattern of consumption of film that attracts its own dedicated consumers. Though we found that social and economic factors remain predictors of cultural consumption the overall picture is more complex than a simple direct correspondence and perceptions of other cultural forms also play a role. Those likely to consume arthouse and foreign language film consume other film genres and other cultural forms genres and those who “prefer” arthouse and foreign language film have slightly more constrained socio-economic characteristics. Overall, we find that economic and cultural factors such income, education, and wider consumption of culture are significant in patterns of film consumption.