Changes In Perception Research Articles

Cross-sectional study of the association of respiratory diseases health risk with environmental pollutants and climate change in Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia is known for its dry climate. This arid climate of the region makes its ecosystems highly susceptible, with limited water resources and vulnerable agricultural fields. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the public's awareness and perceptions of environmental issues and climate change that have an impact on their health and immune system. This study employed a cross-sectional survey to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and related health impact of environmental pollutants and climate change in Saudi Arabia. The participants were chosen randomly from various regions across the kingdom. In this study, a total of 437 respondents were selected using convenience sampling (80.78% female and 19.22% male). Participants have fair knowledge on immunological and health effect of environmental pollution and climate change (94.3% and 87.5%, respectively). Participants are well aware of influence of environmental pollutants and climate change on spread of infectious diseases 51-94%. Significant correlation exists between participants of private sector in attitude domain of KAP (P = 0.003, χ2 = 5.139). Significant correlation exists between participants of private sector in attitude domain of KAP (P = 0.003, χ2 = 5.139. Participants are well aware of influence of environmental pollutants and climate change on spread of infectious diseases (51-94%). In conclusion, the health mission in Saudi Arabia has integrated order to manage the diseases that are related to climate change. It is crucial to enhance the knowledge and skills of general public regarding climate change and its impact on health.

Optimising Processes in a Severe Burn Intensive Care Unit through the Implementation of a Digital Management System

The treatment of severely burned patients is demanding and necessitates specialised centres capable of providing adequate therapy over several months. The establishment of digital management systems in intensive care units signifies a substantial advancement in modern healthcare. Introducing such a system in a specialised intensive care unit for severe burn patients presents opportunities for optimisation but also potential obstacles. This study aims to provide insights into the perception of change from the perspective of staff and discuss the implementation of digital systems in the field of intensive care medicine. After a selective sample was established, the impacts of the digital management system were examined across various categories. The data collected through a questionnaire and brief interviews were evaluated in terms of average values within each category, with interpretations taking into account characteristics such as professional group and work experience. Overall, the digital management system is considered suitable for use in the intensive care unit for severe burn patients by both medical and nursing staff. The continuous monitoring of vital parameters and the reduction of errors in medication administration are highlighted as positive aspects. However, negative points include the inferior documentation of burn wounds and specialised documentation for burn patients. In due consideration of various factors such as experience, team size, and patient clientele, which impact the usability of the program, some aspects in need of improvement were identified. In summary, however, it can be said that there was a positive and favourable consensus regarding the introduction of such a system in the intensive care unit. Additionally, it can be concluded that the system is described as significantly more effective for a general surgical intensive care unit than for a specialised intensive care unit, e. g. an intensive care unit for severe burn patients.

Seeking professional help in health crises: The impact of cognitive factors, discrete emotions, and eHealth information seeking on mental health communication.

A common challenge facing public health practitioners and communication scholars is how to best change perceptions and increase favorable attitudes and awareness of health recommendations, such as help-seeking about depression. Given the need to identify persuasive ways to communicate depression, this study examined how discrete emotions, cognition, and engaging eHealth information-seeking behavior affected US adults' intentions regarding help-seeking about depression. The results from an online survey of 1422 US adults revealed (1) elated emotion and loving emotion; (2) depression consciousness; (3) attitude toward seeking help from mental health services; and (4) eHealth information-seeking significantly predicted intention to seek help from professionals. In addition, depression consciousness, attitude toward seeking help from mental health services, and eHealth information-seeking acted as sequential mediators for the relationship between elated emotion, loving emotion, and behavioral intention. Implications for health communication and depression communication research and practice are discussed.

Different Materialities – Different Authenticities? Considerations on Watercraft Exhibited in Museums

Abstract Museums are often considered to be spaces of the authentic, where the real, unique and original is exhibited, and where the accurate past is conveyed. By means of two watercraft, Nydam Boat and Kon-Tiki, it is illustrated how their materiality and authenticity are shaped by processes of musealization, reconstruction, restoration and ways of narrating the past and staging exhibits. While their substances remain present and perceptible, they are also subjected to material changes and changing perceptions over time. From a cultural constructivist perspective, it is illustrated how museum exhibits may be perceived as authentic and how this is related to their materials.

Changing Medical Student Perceptions of Mental Illness Through a Psychiatry Clinical Clerkship: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study

Abstract Objective This study sought to understand whether perceptions of mental illness change during the course of students’ psychiatry clerkships, and what facilitates such change. Methods Using a longitudinal qualitative study design, the authors followed up 14 medical students, interviewing them before, during, and after their psychiatric clerkship. Results Prior to clerkships, students perceived psychiatric patients to be dangerous, fragile, hard to treat, and to exert a disproportionate emotional toll on clinicians. Stigma was reinforced by safety measures including the provision of alarms, but this improved following “real life” engagement with patients. Students experienced little emotional distress from clinical contacts, particularly those where they led the consultation. Pre-existing beliefs about mental illness being hard to “fix” showed less change over time. Although uncommon, when staff referred to patients using pejorative language, students emulated these negative attitudes. Conclusions Among medical students, direct patient contact plays an important role in counteracting pre-existing negative attitudes towards mental illness. This can be facilitated by supportive supervisors, clinical teams allocating students a clear practical role, involving patients in teaching, and roleplay to alleviate potential concerns about seeing patients.

Implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum for Students

Independent Curriculum is a curriculum with diverse intra-curricular learning where students can have enough time to deepen their competencies. Teachers can choose various learning tools based on students’ learning needs and interests. The implementation of the independent learning curriculum aims to revolutionize the education system by encouraging student-based learning and increasing educational flexibility. This paper discusses the impact of the independent learning curriculum on students, focusing on learning outcomes, student engagement, and the role of teachers. Through a qualitative research approach with interviews and observations, this study examines students’ perceptions of curriculum change and adaptation to the new educational framework. The research findings show that the independent learning curriculum encourages active participation, critical thinking, and creativity of students, despite challenges such as teacher readiness and inadequate infrastructure. This study confirms that the independent learning curriculum can promote a responsive and inclusive educational environment that is tailored to the needs of 21st-century learners.

Experimental Study of the Influence of Occupants on Speech Intelligibility in an Automotive Cabin

Adding occupants to an enclosed space often leads to perceptible changes in the sound field and, therefore, speech intelligibility; however, this issue has not yet been examined in automotive cabins. This study investigated the effect of occupants in an automotive cabin on SI. Binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) were measured in an automotive cabin with an artificial mouth and dummy head under different speaker–listener position configurations and occupancy modes. Based on the measured BRIRs, the speech transmission index (STI) was determined, and subjective speech–reception thresholds (SRTs) in Mandarin Chinese were assessed. The results indicate that speech intelligibility mostly decreased slightly after adding additional occupants. In most cases, the occupants did not significantly affect speech intelligibility, with STI variations of no more than the just-noticeable difference and SRT variation within 1 dB. When the listener was in the back-right seat, the effect of the occupants on speech intelligibility could not be ignored, with STI variations of up to 0.07 and an SRT variation of 2 dB under different occupancy modes. In addition, the influence of front-row passengers on the speech intelligibility of rear-row listeners was extremely small, and vice versa. Furthermore, altering the distribution of occupants had an effect comparable to changing the number of occupants.

School Perceptions and Attendance for Children With Medical Complexity During COVID-19 Over Time.

Disparities in school attendance exist for children with medical complexity (CMC) due to COVID-19. Longitudinal changes in family-reported school safety perceptions and predictors of full-time, in-person school attendance are unknown. This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study with 3 survey waves (June 2021-June 2022) among English- and Spanish-speaking families of CMC aged 5 to 17 years and pre-pandemic school attendance. Changes in Health Belief Model perceptions and full-time in-person school attendance were estimated using multivariate generalized linear modeling with repeated measures. Among 1601 respondents (52.9% of 3073 invited), 86.8% participated in all 3 surveys. School safety perceptions improved with time; however, perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 increased. Full-time in-person school attendance rose from 48.4% to 90.0% from wave 1 to 3 (p < .0001), and was associated with motivation, benefits, and cues. For example, families with low compared to high motivation for in-person attendance had 76% versus 98% predicted probability for child's school attendance, respectively at wave 3 (p < .0001). Probability of full-time in-person school attendance was associated with several health belief model perceptions. School health policy and programs may benefit from promoting family motivation, benefits, and cues during future respiratory illness epidemics including COVID-19. In-person school attendance improved for CMC over time. Opportunities exist to continue optimizing in-person attendance and family-perceived safety for CMC at school.

Neural dynamics of pain modulation by emotional valence.

Definitions of human pain acknowledge at least two dimensions of pain, affective and sensory, described as separable and thus potentially differentially modifiable. Using electroencephalography, we investigated perceptual and neural changes of emotional pain modulation in healthy individuals. Painful electrical stimuli were applied after presentation of priming emotional pictures (negative, neutral, positive) and followed by pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings. We found that perceptual and neural event-related potential responses to painful stimulation were significantly modulated by emotional valence. Specifically, pain unpleasantness but not pain intensity ratings were increased when pain was preceded by negative compared to neutral or positive pictures. Amplitudes of N2 were higher when pain was preceded by neutral compared to negative and positive pictures, and P2 amplitudes were higher for negative compared to neutral and positive pictures. In addition, a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that P2 alone and not N2, predicted pain perception. Finally, source analysis showed the anterior cingulate cortex and the thalamus as main spatial clusters accounting for the neural changes in pain processing. These findings provide evidence for a separation of the sensory and affective dimensions of pain and open new perspectives for mechanisms of pain modulation.

The Best Start Trial: A randomised controlled trial of ultra-early parent-administered physiotherapy for infants at high risk of cerebral palsy or motor delay

BackgroundIt is unknown whether ultra-early physiotherapy commenced during neonatal intensive care unit admission is of value for optimising developmental outcomes in preterm/term infants at high-risk of cerebral palsy or motor-delay. AimsTo determine whether ultra-early parent-administered physiotherapy to preterm/term high- risk infants commenced at earliest from 34-weeks post menstrual age, improves motor outcomes at 16-weeks corrected age (CA) compared to usual care. MethodsSingle-blind randomised controlled pilot study with 30 infant participants. The primary outcome was the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) total score at 16-weeks CA. Secondary outcomes included (i) parent Depression Anxiety and Stress Score and Parent Perceptions Survey at 16-weeks CA; and (ii) Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 12-months CA. ResultsThere were no clinically worthwhile effects at 16-weeks CA on the AIMS (mean between-group difference, 95% CI: -0.2, -2.4 to 2.0) or most secondary outcomes. However, the parents' “perception of treatment effectiveness” and “perception of change” favoured the experimental group. ConclusionsIn this pilot trial, there was no clinically worthwhile effect of ultra-early parent-administered physiotherapy over usual care on the AIMS. However, the intervention was feasible for infants, acceptable to parents and parents perceived a benefit of treatment. Whilst this trial did not demonstrate treatment effectiveness using the AIMS, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample size, the low responsivity of the AIMS to change in motor performance and the heterogeneity of the participants. Therefore, the intervention should not be abandoned on the basis of this trial, but rather further evaluated in a larger trial that addresses some of the learnings from this one.

Proyecto de concientización ambiental “Granito de Arena”

The "Granito de Arena" project aims to increase environmental awareness among children in Huanchaco, Peru. It focuses on providing children with tools and knowledge to contribute to environmental protection from an early age. The methodology used involves data collection before and after program implementation, aiming to assess its impact on children's environmental awareness. A combination of surveys and interviews was used to gather information on participants' prior knowledge and subsequent changes in environmental perception. The results show significant improvements in children's knowledge and environmental awareness, as well as in the internalization of sustainable practices. In conclusion, the study highlights the effectiveness of educational interventions in instilling environmental values from an early age and emphasizes the importance of continuing to strengthen these efforts to achieve lasting impact on environmental protection.

Perceptions of Change and Migration Aspirations

Abstract Based on a series of qualitative fieldwork in peripheral rural settlements of Hungary, this paper aims to explore the intertwined nature of development and migration by developing a theory-based methodology as a tool. Specifically, the goal is to understand how personal perceptions of local changes are connected to outwards mobility aspirations of rural dwellers. The series of fieldwork, conducted in 8 remote villages of Hungary in the period of 2014–2019 along with the 163, verbatim-transcribed semi-structured and in-depth interviews specifically engaged in understanding changes and migration goals, sets the ground for a detailed investigation of the topic. During the analytical process, a theory-based system is provided for the categorisation of respondents into migration aspiration groups. Differences and similarities based on personal perceptions of social change are then analysed in this distinction. Results show that both voluntary mobile and involuntary immobile people regard local changes as deterioration and development programmes as unsatisfactory, with the former group speaking in relative, contextual terms and the latter with the terminology of invariability, fixedness and hopelessness. Conversely, voluntary immobile respondents regard local changes as positive enabling (though not facilitating) factors of their desire to stay, while understanding their ineffective nature on local economy in general. This paper argues (im)mobility aspirations to be determined by similar freedom-maximizing strategies in all mobility groups, with different forms of freedom being preferred by the different groups. Consequently, to reach the goals of decreasing the depopulation of the countryside, public development policies are expected to enhance the forms of freedom preferred by people who desire to stay.

Practicing nurses' and nursing students' perceptions of climate change: A scoping review.

Human activities have significantly contributed to a persistent climate change trend, posing substantial threats to human health. Nurses regularly interact with patients experiencing the consequences of climate change, making their engagement in addressing this issue crucial. Nonetheless, our understanding of nurses' viewpoints regarding climate change remains limited. This scoping review aims to identify practicing nurses' and nursing students' perceptions of climate change. To fulfil this objective, a documentary search strategy was developed using an iterative process. The search strategy was tested in four bibliographic databases, as well as in the grey literature. A 2-stage selection process was conducted, and relevant data were extracted from selected articles for analysis. Twenty-two scientific articles and 11 documents from nursing associations were selected. The findings suggest that while many nurses and nursing students are concerned about climate change and its effects on their patients' health, their role in addressing the climate crisis is not well understood. Many barriers such as having a heavy workload and the lack of support hindered their ability to adjust their practice in response to the changing climate. Furthermore, many expressed a need for trainings on climate change issues. These results raise a great and urgent demand for these professionals to receive appropriate training to cope with climatic threats to health. Future research should focus on the development of nursing climate leadership, and healthcare organizations should support nursing initiatives and help raise nurses' awareness regarding climate change.

Perception of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis in Korea: a KASID multicenter study.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapy for inducing and maintaining remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, FMT has not been approved for UC treatment in Korea. Our study aimed to investigate patient perceptions of FMT under the national medical policy. This was a prospective, multicenter study. Patients with UC ≥ 19 years of age were included. Patients were surveyed using 22 questions on FMT. Changes in perceptions of FMT before and after education were also compared. A total of 210 patients with UC were enrolled. We found that 51.4% of the patients were unaware that FMT was an alternative treatment option for UC. After reading the educational materials on FMT, more patients were willing to undergo this procedure (27.1% vs. 46.7%; p < 0.001). The preferred fecal donor was the one recommended by a physician (41.0%), and the preferred transplantation method was the oral capsule (30.4%). A large proportion of patients (50.0%) reported that the national medical policy influenced their choice of FMT treatment. When patients felt severe disease activity, their willingness to undergo FMT increased (92.3% vs. 43.1%; p = 0.001). Education can increase preference for FMT in patients with UC. When patients have severe disease symptoms or their quality of life decreases their willingness to undergo FMT increases. Moreover, national medical policies may influence patient choices regarding FMT.

Comparative Perceptions Influence Actions on Climate Change Between Eastern and Western Europeans

Climate change is an important issue that countries worldwide are aware of and campaign to reduce. All parties must cooperate, whether the government, the private sector, individuals, etc. Many perception surveys have met the public's understanding and knowledge about climate change. Despite the odds, previous research supported environmental protection and sustainability in surveys, polls, and past research. However, the existing literary gap between intentions and actions and awareness and implementation has recently widened. The objectives of this research include comparing perceptions and climate change mitigation actions between Eastern and Western European countries because both regions are different, as well as searching for and comparing perceptions influencing climate change mitigation actions between them. The research adopts a quantitative methodology, emphasizing exploring secondary data from the European Investment Bank (EIB) climate change survey 2022–2023. It analyzed the data to compare the perceptions and actions of the two regions in mitigating climate change. The statistical tests included a t-test and stepwise multiple regression analysis to predict the influence of perceptions and actions on reducing climate change. The results showed that respondents' perceptions of climate change in Eastern and Western Europe were not significantly different. However, there was a significant difference in the number of reduction actions taken by Western Europeans compared to Eastern Europeans. Perceptions of climate change catastrophes and serious government mitigation actions positively influenced actions in Eastern Europe. This study found that businesses' attention to mitigation and their perception of the catastrophic effects of climate change positively influence mitigation actions in Western Europe. The recommendations guided governments, policymakers, and businesses to take action to reduce climate change, motivating people's adequate perceptions and actions. Stakeholders communicating climate change's impacts on catastrophe should present true information with honesty and transparency. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-03-03 Full Text: PDF

Team case formulation for challenging behaviour on acute psychiatric wards

Due to the high prevalence of challenging behaviours on acute psychiatric wards, there is a need for more therapeutic interventions that utilize psychological theory to support staff and patients. This study assessed feasibility, effectiveness and mechanisms of multidisciplinary team case formulation to reduce challenging behaviours of patients. This was a cohort study with a pre‐ and post‐formulation analysis of patients from five acute wards. Structured team case formulation sessions were held using an integrative psychological model incorporating cognitive behavioural principles and the Newcastle model. Staff attendance and fidelity to formulation components were recorded. Frequency of staff-rated challenging behaviours and the frequency of incidents of violence and self‐harm pre‐ and one‐week post‐formulation were assessed. To test mechanisms, changes in staff perceptions of the overall frequency of challenging behaviours and the number of incidents of violence and self‐harm were compared to the number of strategies identified, the number of strategies implemented, and the number of staff present. Participants (N = 50) had a range of serious mental health conditions, including 50% with F20???F29 schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorder. Fidelity to formulation model components was found to be high. There was a significant decrease in staff perception of the frequency of patients’ challenging behaviours, with large effect sizes. There was strong evidence of a reduction in the number of violent incidents and self‐harm post‐case formulation. None of the mechanism tests were significant. Case formulation sessions appear to be a feasible and effective intervention to reduce challenging behaviours within acute inpatient care.

Differential analgesic effects of high-frequency or accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation of M1 on experimental tonic pain: Correlations with cortical activity changes assessed by TMS-EEG

Accelerated intermittent theta burst stimulation (AiTBS) has attracted much attention in the past few years as a new form of brain stimulation paradigm. However, it is unclear the relative efficacy of AiTBS on cortical excitability compared to conventional high-frequency rTMS. Using concurrent TMS and electroencephalogram (TMS-EEG), this study systematically compared the efficacy on cortical excitability and a typical clinical application (i.e. pain), between AiTBS with different intersession interval (ISIs) and 10-Hz rTMS. Participants received 10-Hz rTMS, AiTBS-15 (3 iTBS sessions with a 15-min ISI), AiTBS-50 (3 iTBS sessions with a 50-min ISI), or Sham stimulation over the primary motor cortex on four separate days. All four protocols included a total of 1800 pulses but with different session durations (10-Hz rTMS ​= ​18, AiTBS-15 ​= ​40, and AiTBS-50 ​= ​110 ​min). AiTBS-50 and 10-Hz rTMS were more effective in pain reduction compared to AiTBS-15. Using single-pulse TMS-induced oscillation, our data revealed low gamma oscillation as a shared cortical excitability change across all three active rTMS protocols but demonstrated completely opposite directions. Changes in low gamma oscillation were further associated with changes in pain perception across the three active conditions. In contrast, a distinct pattern of TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) was revealed, with 10-Hz rTMS decreasing inhibitory N100 amplitude and AiTBS-15 reducing excitatory P60 amplitude. These changes in TEPs were also covarying with low gamma power changes. Sham stimulation indicated no significant effect on either cortical excitability or pain perception. These results are relevant only for provoked experimental pain, without being predictive for chronic pain, and revealed a change in low gamma oscillation, particularly around the very particular frequency of 40 ​Hz, shared between AiTBS and high-frequency rTMS. Conversely, cortical excitability (balance between excitation and inhibition) assessed by TEP recording was modulated differently by AiTBS and high-frequency rTMS paradigms.

Change in lower limb length following total knee arthroplasty

BackgroundLength variations of the lower limbs after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) constitute a poorly evaluated parameter and can be associated with worse functional outcomes. The objectives of this study were to: 1) describe the variations in the lower limb length after TKA according to the digital accuracy of the computerized navigation system used for prosthesis implantation, 2) describe patient sensation of limb length modification at 3 months postoperatively and to identify its risk factors, 3) identify factors affecting lower limb length modification and to analyze the predictive value causing in the patient the sensation of lower limb discrepancy. HypothesisWe hypothesize that there may be a lower limb length discrepancy after TKA, which may cause some distress to the patient. Patients and methodsThis prospective study included 100 TKAs implanted with navigation gap-balanced adjusted mechanical alignment. Were compared the length of the lower limb before and after implantation and the patient’s changes in leg length perception at 3 months postoperatively. A subgroup analysis was performed according to preoperative knee deformities: varus knee was an HKA < 177 °, normal knee was an HKA between 117°-183 ° and valgus was an HKA >183 °. ResultsNinety-seven out of 100 patients experienced lengthening compared to the preoperative ipsilateral length, and twenty-three experienced lengthening greater than 10 mm. The mean lengthening was 7.3 mm (maximum 24.8 mm). Lengthening was significantly greater in valgus knees 9.9 mm [range, 2.0-24.8] than in varus 7.2 mm [range, 1.46-19.4] and normal knees 4.11 mm [range, 0.4-11.4] (p < 0.05). The correction of frontal and sagittal deformation were risk factors for limb length modification (OR = 0.595; 95% CI (0.544-0.816) (p = 0.001), OR = 0.396; 95% CI (0.351-0.653) (p = 0.001)).Twenty-two patients reported a sensation of limb length change: 11 (50%) reported equalization, whereas the remainder reported lengthening with a leg length difference. The preoperative sensation of lower limb length inequality was the unique factor affecting the patient’s perception post-surgery (OR = 37.50; 95% CI (9.730-144.526) (p = 0.0001)). A threshold value of 6.6 mm was identified for the sensation of limb length modification. ConclusionNavigation is a tool for describing ipsilateral leg length variations after TKA. These variations are significant and perhaps explain some patient dissatisfaction. A partial correction of the frontal deformity according to the knee phenotype could limit the risk of modification of the native length. Level of evidenceIV; Descriptive therapeutic prospective study.

Exploring Instructional Design Methods and Perception Changes Using Generative AI: A Case Study from A Graduate School of Education

Exploring Instructional Design Methods and Perception Changes Using Generative AI: A Case Study from A Graduate School of Education

빅데이터 의미연결망 분석을 활용한 내국인의 국외관광 인식 연구: COVID-19 전·후 비교

Purpose: This study aims to analyze changes in Korean nationals' perceptions of overseas tourism before and after COVID-19 using social media big data analysis. Methods: The study collected data from social media platforms focusing on Japan, China, and Vietnam as travel destinations. The pre-COVID-19 period was set from January 2017 to December 2019, and the post-COVID-19 period from January 2021 to December 2023. Using the TEXTOM and UCINET, TF-IDF keyword frequency analysis, centrality analysis, and CONCOR analysis were conducted. Results: The analysis revealed an increased desire for overseas travel after COVID-19, along with heightened concerns for health and safety. There was a preference for stable, short-distance travel, as well as increased interest in international experiences and new travel trends. Japan and China emerged as preferred destinations, while interest in Vietnam slightly decreased. Keywords related to COVID-19 preventive measures became prominent in travel considerations. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study suggests developing tourism products emphasizing hygiene and safety, creating programs for small group travelers, and formulating marketing strategies focused on Japan and China. This research contributes to understanding the impact of COVID-19 on tourism perceptions and can aid in policy-making and marketing strategy development for the tourism industry in the post-pandemic era.