Percent Of Population Research Articles

Abstract 6934: Integrating deep learning morphology profiling, cell sorting, and scRNASeq reveals sample diversity and enriched sub-populations

Abstract Advances in single cell technologies have ushered in a new multi-omics era that has provided more granular information on cell types and functions at unprecedented resolution. Morpholomics (the information encoded by cell morphology) has traditionally been used as a readout of cell identity, state, and function; but scalability, interpretation, and sorting based on morphology has remained challenging. The Deepcell® platform, REM-I, performs high-dimensional morphology analysis of unlabeled, single cells using deep-learning on high-resolution bright-field images captured in microfluidic flow to profile and sort target cells in real-time and at scale. Morphology analysis of single cells is achieved by a self-supervised deep learning foundation model, ‘Human Foundation Model’ (HFM), which combines deep learning features with morphometrics. HFM determines cell identities using morphological features associated with distinct processes characterized by granules, vesicles, cell size, pigmentation. and others. To demonstrate the ability of HFM modeling to distinguish and characterize a diversity of cell types representative of tumor microenvironments, we processed various sample types on the REM-I platform. Human melanoma, immune cells, stromal cells, and dissociated biopsies were combined to recapitulate heterogeneous tumor samples. HFM analysis enabled morphology-based exploration of the resulting bright-field images, revealing the presence of various morphologically distinct populations within each sample. Tumor cells were morphologically distinct and clustered separately from non-tumor cells. Immune cells exhibited subtle but separable morphologies, including T cells of distinct activation states. To demonstrate the morphology-based sorting capabilities of REM-I, we applied it to a ‘reference sample’ consisting of several fixed cell lines, at proportions ranging from 1% to >90%. Using only brightfield images of single cells analyzed through HFM, we used the platform to enrich each cell line from the ‘reference sample’ with high yield and purity, and identified cell types constituting a small percentage (~1%) of the total population. We next showed that unlabeled cells enriched on REM-I that are characterized as unperturbed and viable are amenable to downstream molecular analyses. These cell populations were sorted and the retrieved live cells were analyzed by scRNA-Seq (10x Chromium), demonstrating enrichment of various cell types of the tumor microenvironment in each cell population relative to the pre-sorted sample. These results illustrate: 1) the ability to perform downstream molecular analyses on sorted cells from REM-I, 2) the platform can be used to parse the tumor microenvironment, and 3) the link between morphology, cell identity, and molecular signatures. Citation Format: Andreja Jovic, Christian Corona, Kiran Saini, Tiffine Pham, Ryan Carelli, Vivian Lu, Senzeyu Zhang, Stephane C. Boutet, Maddison Masaeli. Integrating deep learning morphology profiling, cell sorting, and scRNASeq reveals sample diversity and enriched sub-populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6934.

Will Indonesia Surpass Malaysia in SGIE?

Based on the 2023 State of the Global Islamic Economy (SGIE) report, Indonesia managed to enter the top three in the Global Islamic Economy Indicator (GIEI) released by DinarStandard in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Tuesday (26/12/2023). Indonesia, which will be in fourth place in 2022, is now in third place, below Malaysia, which has consistently been in first place for the last 10 years. As a Muslim-majority country with abundant resource potential, Indonesia should be ranked higher than Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in the SGIE ranking report. This shows that there is still a large gap between potential and expectations, so it is interesting to research considering that Indonesia is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, surpassing Malaysia with the percentage of the Muslim population reaching 87.20% of the total population of 273.5 million people. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method by collecting several journals and annual reports regarding the Global Islamic Economy. This research discusses what strategies the Indonesian government can implement to develop the halal industrial sector so that Indonesia can surpass Malaysia in dominating the halal industry in the world.

Vulnerability Index to COVID-19 for Brazilian States

This present article brings a vulnerability index to COVID-19 for Brazilian states. The COVID-19 pandemic is the largest since the great flu of 1918, and Brazil, which already has major supply limitations in health provision, is experiencing additional stress on the health system caused by the excess demand caused by the pandemic. Thus, this index is composed of a weighted average of state indicators, which are human development index (HDI), net current revenue per capita, health expenditure per capita, percentage of households with more than six residents, percentage of elderly population, access to basic sanitation, total population, the number of ICUs and the number of doctors and respirators per hundred thousand inhabitants. The results indicate that the states best placed in the vulnerability ranking are the Federal District and São Paulo, while the states with the worst ranking are Alagoas and Amapá. In the medium term, there is an association between the number of accumulated cases and the hospital vulnerability index. The same association exists, although at a lower level, between the hospital vulnerability index and the number of deaths per capita.

O248: Treatment of gastric cancer cell line AGS with cannabidiol (CBD) induces loss of mitochondrial membrane potential

Abstract Introduction Cannabinoids have been shown to have anti-cancer properties for a variety of tumour sites; however, the mechanisms that underpin these effects are poorly understood. Apoptosis is implicated as the likely mechanism of action by which cannabinoids induce cell death. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) is observed in apoptotic cells and has been linked to induction of the apoptotic process. This study aimed to assess whether exposure to CBD induced loss of MMP. Method AGS cells were sub-cultured as recommended. When cells reached 70% confluence, they were treated with either control (ethanol), 5 µM, 10 µM or 20 µM CBD. After 24 hours, the MMP assay was performed using the NC-3000 advanced image cytometer to assess the mitochondrial uptake of JC-1 dye. Cells with a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential are represented as percentage of the total cell population and expressed as mean ± SE mean (N=3). The ANOVA test was used to determine statistical significance. Results Treatment with control induced loss of MMP in 8.4 ± 1.7% of cells. Treatment with 5 µM, 10 µM or 20 µM CBD induced a loss of MMP in 6.7 ± 1.4 %, 10.3 ± 2.2% and 44.7 ± 2.8 % of cells respectively. Treatment with 20µM CBD induced a statistically significant loss of MMP when compared to control (p<0.05). Conclusions AGS cells treated with CBD undergo loss of MMP. This finding could indicate that treatment is inducing apoptosis. Further investigations into apoptotic mechanisms are required to confirm the findings.

Differential Immune Response Patterns Induced by Anionic and Cationic Lipid Adjuvants in Intranasal Anti-Influenza Immunization.

Currently, vaccine development against different respiratory diseases is at its peak. It is of utmost importance to find suitajble adjuvants that can increase the potency of the vaccine candidates. This study aimed to determine the systemic and splenic immune mechanisms in mice models induced by anionic and cationic lipid adjuvants in the presence of the vaccine-candidate influenza antigen hemagglutinin (HA). In the presence of the HA antigen, the cationic adjuvant (N3) increased conventional dendritic cell 1 (cDC1) abundance with enhanced MHCI and CD80-CD86 costimulatory marker expression, and significantly higher CD8T and Th17 populations with enhanced interferon-gamma (IFNγ) expression in CD8T and CD4T populations. Conversely, the anionic adjuvant (L3) increased the cDC2 population percentage with significantly higher MHCII and DEC205 expression, along with an increase in the CD4T and regulatory T cell populations. The L3-treated group also exhibited higher percentages of activated B and plasma cell populations with significantly higher antigen-specific IgG and IgA titer and virus neutralization potential. While the anionic adjuvant induced significantly higher humoral responses than the cationic adjuvant, the latter influenced a significantly higher Th1/Th17 response. For customized vaccine development, it is beneficial to have alternative adjuvants that can generate differential immune responses with the same vaccine candidate antigen. This study will aid the selection of adjuvants based on their charges to improve specific immune response arms in the future development of vaccine formulation.

Optimalisasi Kesehatan dan Gizi Lansia Melalui Penyuluhan dan Pendampingan Gizi di Kelurahan Cipadu Jaya

The percentage of the elderly population in RW 01, Cipadu Village, has increased, indicating that in 2023, this area has entered the era of an aging population, where the percentage of the population aged 60 and above is almost reaching 10% or more. The purpose of this community service is to raise awareness among the community about a healthy lifestyle to prevent non-communicable diseases, to practice the preparation of healthy drinks, and early detection of health status through anthropometry and stick test methods. The methods used in this community service include counseling with the theme "Optimizing the Health and Nutrition of the Elderly," practical measurement of nutritional status, screening for Non-Communicable Diseases using the stick test method, followed by guidance and monitoring of older people. There has been a 21.1% increase in knowledge about balanced nutrition for older people and the preparation of healthy drinks. Screening for nutritional status shows that 37.3% are obese. Health checks indicate that out of 51 people, 78.4% have high blood pressure, 66,7% have high cholesterol levels, 43,1% have high uric acid levels, and 5.8% have diabetes. Assistance for one month on adopting a healthy lifestyle, including getting used to new healthy drinks, has reduced weight and blood pressure, but blood sugar and cholesterol have not consistently improved. Practicing a healthy lifestyle with assistance has not optimally achieved a healthy status. Therefore, periodic education on elderly nutrition and early detection is necessary to maintain and monitor healthy lifestyles.

Incorporating Islamic Environmentalism in Approaches to Conservation in the Trans-Himalaya

Conservationists increasingly acknowledge the value of co-productive conservation efforts that incorporate the Indigenous perspective. In the Trans-Himalayan context, they have begun to incorporate the Buddhist perspective in recent interventions; yet, there is an omission of Islamic environmentalism in these conversations. This omission is even more glaring when one considers that Muslims make up a significant percentage of the Indigenous population of the Trans-Himalaya. A review of the literature reveals a considerable body of Islamic scholarship on sustainable resource management in extremely harsh climates. In fact, co-productive conservation efforts in collaboration with local Muslim communities elsewhere in the world have been very impactful. While scholarship on the history of Islam in the Trans-Himalaya is limited, historians agree that, rather than being forced upon a passive Indigenous population, the widespread adoption of Islam was an active choice by a population that had plenty of exposure to different ideas and belief systems via trade. Supplementing these findings with qualitative research at the grassroots level among the Dard-Shin Scheduled Tribe in the Trans-Himalaya, the authors find further evidence of the syncretic blending of Indigenous and Islamic beliefs, deployed in service of effective natural resource management. It is, thus, proposed that future conservation efforts in this region would be well advised to adopt a more expansive approach to the Indigenous perspective.

Systemic Vascular Resistance and Myocardial Work Analysis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis with Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.

Background: The pathophysiological impact of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and pressure-strain loop-derived global myocardial work index (GWI) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR) has been randomly investigated. Methods: Both SVR and GWI were assessed in outpatients consecutively referred at two Italian cardiology departments for heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), affected by either nonobstructive HCM or wild-type ATTR. Based on relevant cross-tabulations, the patients were gathered into 4 functional classes according to cut-off values of 1440 dyne/s/cm-5 for SVR, and 1576 mm Hg% for GWI, as suggested by previous studies. Results: A total of 60 patients, 30 in each group, aged 61 ± 16 years, with 78% males, were studied. HCM patients were younger than those with ATTR and in a better clinical condition (23% HCM vs. 77% ATTR were NYHA class II-III, p < 0.001). Overall, 51 patients (85%) showed a high SVR, 21/30 HCM (70%), and 30 ATTR (100%) (p < 0.005). Both SVR and GWI (expressions of ventricular-arterial coupling) were impaired in 43% of HCM patients (showing greater LV concentric hypertrophy) and 93% of ATTR patients (in advanced NYHA functional class) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: A substantial percentage of present study population showed impaired SVR and/or GWI, despite preserved LVEF. The proposed classification may shed further light on the pathophysiological and clinical characteristics of such hypertrophic phenotypes.

Elderly Migrants and their Socially Isolated Living

Elderly population has a rapid rise in Nepal. The 2021 census reports 2.97 million elderly people, which equals 10.21 percentage of Nepal's total population, and 38.2 percentage more from the 2011 census. Realizing the problems faced by elderly population in areas of social-cultural, economic, demographic, labor, health, and care, the Elderly Citizens Act, 2006 was ratified by Nepal to address senior citizens' social security needs and issues. The study analyzes how elderly residents of Kirtipur have managed to survive in a family and community setting. Data is gathered from participant observation and in-depth interviews. I have made efforts to analyze whether financial reliance, parental assistance, social interaction, social isolation, and health issues have co-worked for giving stresses to the elderly people. Senior citizens experience many problems like loneliness and helplessness, which are sufficient for creating troubles and anxieties. They also struggle with having a low social position relative to where they were born and missing out on social and cultural events. They also have gone through social and cultural disengagement, family rejection, loss of social contact, and social isolation from their place of origin.

Advancing pediatric perioperative care in India: Acontemporary overview.

In the last 30 years, significant advances have been made in pediatric medical care globally. However, there is a persistent urban-rural gap which is more pronounced in low middle-income countries than high-income countries, similar urban-rural gap exists in India. While on one hand, health care is on par or better than healthier nations thriving international medical tourism industry, some rural parts have reduced access to high-quality care. With this background, we aim to provide an overview of the present and future of healthcare in India. With the cumulative health experience of the authors or more than 100 years, we have provided our experience and expertise about healthcare in India in this narrative educational review. This is supplemented by the government plans and non government plans as appropriate. References are used to justify as applicable. With the high percentage of pediatric population like other low to middle-income countries, India faces challenges in pediatric surgery and anesthesia due to limited resources and paucity of specialized training, especially in rural areas. Data on the access and quality of care is scarce, and the vast rural population and uneven resource distribution add to the challenges along with the shortage of pediatric surgeons in these areas of specialized care . Addressing these challenges requires a multi faceted strategy that targets both immediate and long-term healthcare needs, focusing on improving the facilities and training healthcare professionals. Solutions could include compulsory rural service, district residency programs, increasing postgraduate or residency positions, and safety courses offered by national and international organizations like Safer Anesthesia from Education Pediatrics, Vital Anesthesia Simulation Training, and World Federation of Society of Anesthesiologists pediatric fellowships. India has achieved great strides in perioperative health care and safety. It has become the major international medical industry due to high-quality care, access and costs. Crucially, India needs to establish local hubs for pediatric perioperative care training to enhance healthcare delivery for children.

Analysing Inequity in Accessibility to Services with Neighbourhood Location and Socio‐Economic Characteristics in Delhi

The lack of comprehensive spatial data for neighbourhoods in cities in the global South has posed a significant challenge for examining socio‐economic inequities in accessibility to services. By combining the primary (survey data) and secondary data sources with new spatial data sources (Earth observation data, Google Maps), we create a spatial database of 4,145 residential locations in Delhi, aggregating them into 1 km grid‐shaped neighbourhoods. The neighbourhood's economic status is evaluated using a composite index of the built environment, land price, and household income. Social characteristics are examined through the percentage of the scheduled caste (SC) population, considering their historical marginalization in Indian society. Using the E‐2SFCA method, we calculate accessibility to four key services and employ the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model to explore inequities in accessibility based on neighbourhood location and socio‐economic characteristics. Findings reveal inequity in accessibility to services at the neighbourhood level is primarily driven by spatial location rather than income or percentage of SC population. Moreover, the influence of socio‐economic characteristics on accessibility varies across locations. The spatial data mapping approach employed in this article can be applied to numerous rapidly urbanizing cities in the global South lacking block or neighbourhood‐level spatial data.

Determinants of global migration: The impact of ESG investments and foreign direct investment

In response to global economic, social, and environmental problems, ESG investment principles have changed the approach to directing and structuring foreign direct investment. Additionally, they are becoming an essential factor in attracting migrants. This article aims to determine the impact of foreign direct investment on global migration trends and their peculiarities with the introduction of ESG investment principles. For this purpose, global foreign direct investment flows, global ESG investment flows, and global migration trends have been analyzed from 1995 to 2022. Pairwise correlation calculation was used as the primary analysis method through R-Studio software with integrated R programming language. The results indicated a 35% correlation between the volume of global ESG investment flows and the number of international migrants (as a percentage of the total population, which varies between 3.2% and 3.6%) for 2010-2022. Subsequently, regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between critical variables: investment flows and the level of migration in four European countries (France, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Germany). It was determined that investment inflows led to new jobs, accelerated economic growth, and improved business climate, thus encouraging reduced outflow and increased inflow of migrants. Investments based on ESG principles also reduce emigration as they enhance the quality of life in the host country, provide better environmental protection, and promote more transparent corporate management. However, it should be noted that investments have no apparent impact on migration caused by external factors such as wars or political conflicts, so such analysis should not include periods of global economic and political unrest.

Barriers to financial access of disabled people to health services in rural areas: A case study of Iran.

People with disabilities (PWDs) account for a significant percentage of the world's population, with a higher prevalence in less developed countries. Access to healthcare services is the main component of health systems performance, with lower access for PWDs living in rural areas. The current study aimed to investigate PWD's access to healthcare services in rural areas of Iran and, secondly, factors that contribute to this issue. Following a cross-sectional design, the current descriptive-analytical study is performed in the north of Iran. Using the quota sampling technique, 471 PWDs were recruited. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire, covering three dimensions of access, by face-to-face interview. Data analysis was administered using central tendency indicators and multiple regression by SPSS version 17. Statistical significance was considered when the P value <0.05. The mean score of PWD's access to healthcare services for dimensions of utilization, availability, and affordability was 8.91 (±6.86), 14.54 (±2.3), and 51.91 (±8.78), indicating very low, low, and moderate levels of access. All three regression models were significant (P < 0.05), and variables of gender, age, marital status, education level, residence status, the income of the household head, receiving financial aid, and house area showed a significant effect (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated the seriousness of paying attention to PWD's financial access to healthcare services, particularly in rural areas of Iran. Hence, policymakers should better focus on this problem, mainly regarding accessibility and utilization and factors that result in inequalities.

Suicide and its risk factors - An ecological study.

There is tremendous variation in both the prevalence of suicide and the factors that contribute to its occurrence across geographic locations, cultures, and time. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the various socio-demographic risk factors and psychosocial stressors using population data. The countries that were included in the study were based on data from the World Health Organization. We considered the top ten suicide countries and the ten lowest suicide nations. We searched five global databases for the most recent socio-demographic data and data on psychosocial stressors during the period of August and September 2022. We analyzed the correlation between suicide rates and various factors, and we considered a P value of less than 0.05 to be statistically significant. The correlation of suicide with sociodemographic factors like age (P 0.246), gender (male, P 0.357, and female, P 0.357), net enrolment rate (P 0.725), gender parity index (P 0.929), urban population percentage (P 0.571), marital status (male, P 0.345, and female, P 0.752), and literacy rate percentage (P 0.199) was not significant. The correlation of suicide with psychosocial stressors like unemployment percentage (P 0.552), alcoholism percentage (P 0.271), the prevalence of depression (P 0.523), the number of psychiatrists (P 0.605), the number of mental hospitals (r = -0.090, P 0.713), and the poverty rate percentage (P 0.538) were also not significant. Suicide is a major public health issue, yet global suicide data is scarce. Sociodemographic factors like age, urbanization, and literacy rate were negatively correlated, whereas psychosocial stressors like unemployment, alcohol misuse, and poverty were positively correlated, but none were significantly associated.

Adaptive Clothing for the Elderly of India: Analysis of the Current Market Scenario

Since the beginning of civilisation, clothing has played a vital role in the lives of mankind. Humans use clothing to express themselves and build a positive relationship with others in the society. However, the fashion business has always concentrated on a narrowly defined retail client based on modern cultural notions of beauty: young, conventionally beautiful, and able bodies, with very little inspirational work done in inclusive fashion clothing (Azer et al., 2012; Carroll, 2015). Most of the elderly people struggle with limited body movements and functions and therefore find it difficult to fit into the clothes made by the fashion retail industry. They require clothing that are adaptive, meaning clothing that are easily accessible, made to fit their body requirements and do not compromise on style. The good news is that there is a noticeable shift in the fashion industry and there are many brands which are working in the domain of adaptive clothing. In the international market there are a number of retail organisations that have a dedicated clothing line for the elderly. However, the adaptive clothing market in India is at a nascent stage. There are just a handful of brands working in this sector. The objective of the research was to study the current market players offering adaptive clothing in India. The data was collected from the social media pages of five home grown brands. An in-depth analysis was done in terms of the product range, their functionality, available sizes, choice of textiles etc. The percentage of elderly population is growing in India but the number of products and choices offered by these Indian brands are limited. Therefore, this sector has a huge potential. Research should be carried out to identify the needs of the consumers and suitable product line should be developed.

Государственная поддержка малого бизнеса: реалии современного мира в условиях выдвигаемых санкций

The relevance of the issues under consideration lies in the fact that small business is important for the country’s economy: a large number of jobs are being created here, the percentage of the working-age population is not decreasing, competition is being stimulated, which always has a positive effect on the income of the state as a whole. In this article, the authors try to consider the complexities of the production and economic activities of small businesses, which are still recovering from the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to analyze the current state of small business in Russia in the context of sanctions imposed by un-friendly countries. This article uses comparative, logical and statistical analysis, as well as an analysis of the theoretical basis. The authors consider the main problematic issues in the small business sector, incentive measures and government support in the face of sanctions. The practical significance of the article lies in the conducted analysis based on sources, the results of which can greatly contribute to the process of implement-ing and adjusting the state policy of supporting small businesses.

A STUDY ON THE USE OF BANKS FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

The article analysis financial technologies and their relevance and usefulness in the existing financial market. The work presents and analyzes the services (models) provided by financial technologies, they can be divided into payments, asset management, crowdfunding, lending, and the capital and insurance market. The main and most popular services provided by banks, which are related to financial technologies, are presented. A SWOT analysis of financial technologies is also presented, which shows the advantages and disadvantages of FinTech. The services provided by financial technologies are very diverse, they are provided by both ordinary companies and banks. This article focuses on financial technology that is provided by banks – internet usage: internet banking, number of ATMs, credit transfers in a state, percentage of population in a state, which shows how many people have a debit or credit card and whether those residents have received or made a digital transfer. In the third part, using multi-criteria evaluation methods: CRITIC and EDAS and performing cluster analysis, European Unions are compared and ranked.

The wage curve after the Great Recession

AbstractMost economists maintain that the labour market in the USA (and elsewhere) is ‘tight’ because unemployment rates are low, and the Beveridge curve (the vacancies‐to‐unemployment ratio) is high. They infer from this that there is potential for wage‐push inflation. However, real wages fell rapidly in 2022, and prior to that, real wages had been stagnant for some time. We show that unemployment is not key to understanding wage formation in the USA, and has not been since the Great Recession. Instead, we show that rates of underemployment (the percentage of workers with part‐time hours who would prefer more hours) and the rate of inactivity (the percentage of the civilian adult population who are out of the labour force) reduce wage pressure in the USA. This finding holds in panel data with state and year fixed effects in both annual and quarterly data for the period 1980–2022, and is supportive of a wage curve that fits the data much better than a Phillips curve. The unemployment rate no longer enters significantly negative in wage equations, however specified, in the years since 2008.

Infrastructure and Gender Disparity in Information Communication Technology Literacy: A Cross-Country Comparative Study

Abstract Information Communication Technology (ICT) literacy is essential in the digital age, and an important channel to acquire essential ICT skills is science education. Gender gap in ICT literacy and the associated reasons remain under-explored, especially at macro level. Using country level data from the database of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this article explores the association between infrastructure and gender disparity in ICT literacy, both have direct relationship with science education. SDG Indicator 4.5.1 monitors the female/male ratio of acquiring the ability to use basic arithmetic formula in a spreadsheet (ARSP) at country level, which is selected into this article to measure gender disparity in ICT literacy. SDG Indicator 9.c.1 (the population coverage of 4G mobile network) is used to measure infrastructure development. SDG Indicator 4.4.1, monitors the percentage of population with ARSP skills, which also demonstrates the level of science education, is controlled as an independent variable. Linear regressions and correlations were conducted to explore the relationship between infrastructure and gender gap in ICT literacy in 30 countries, and Mann-Whitney U test was performed to conduce comparisons between high income and middle/low income countries. Infrastructure contributes to reduce gender gap in ICT literacy, because infrastructure can improve a country’s science education which can benefit both men and women’s ICT skills. However such influence may vary across countries. Reasons of the results were discussed with implications for policies.

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Minat Sertifikasi Halal pada Pelaku UMKM di Jawa Timur

The large percentage of the Muslim population in Indonesia is a great opportunity to become the largest producer of halal products and services in the world. Since the enactment of Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning Guaranteed Halal Products, halal certificates are mandatory for products imported, distributed and traded in Indonesia. One sector that is prone to product halal issues is MSME. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence interest in halal certification in MSME actors in East Java. This study uses the variables understanding halal certification, halal awareness, and halal certification costs. Using quantitative methods with multiple linear regression analysis. The analytical tool used was SPSS version 25. The data used in this study were primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires in the form of a Google form. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique with sample criteria namely food and beverage MSME actors who are domiciled in East Java, especially Gresik, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Lamongan, and have been running a business for 2 years or more. The results of the study show that partially the understanding of halal certification and halal awareness has an effect on the interest in halal certification among MSME actors in East Java. When the understanding of halal certification and halal awareness increases, the interest in halal certification for business actors also increases. Partially, the cost of halal certification has no effect on interest in halal certification in MSME actors in East Java