Percentage Increase In Life Span Research Articles

Chitosan nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery for linoleic acid isolated from Melastomastrum capitatum Fern. leaf extract against MCF-7 and OV7 cancer cells

The number of cancer cases worldwide is rising, resulting in approximately 40 million deaths each year due to the inability to effectively deliver drugs that specifically target cancer cells. The study's aim was to utilize chitosan nanoparticles containing linoleic acid extracted from Melastomastrum capitatum leaves to specifically target MCF-7 and OV7 cancer cells. The study conducted toxicity tests on Wistar rats to evaluate the potential harmful effects of the extract at different doses. It also examined the extract's impact on vital organs through histopathological analysis. Chitosan nanoparticles containing the extract were developed using the spray drying method. In addition, the study analyzed various characteristics of the chitosan-loaded extract, such as % yield, drug entrapment efficiency, morphology, particle size, thermal properties, drug release, and swelling index. In vitro studies were conducted on MCF-7 and OV7 cell lines to assess the extract's anticancer properties. In vivo studies were performed on tumor-induced Wistar rats, with five rats in each of the five groups, using hemocytometer trypan blue cell counting. The study found that the crude leaf extract of M. capitatum (MCE) was well tolerated at a dose of 5000 mg/kg in rats, with only partial congestion observed in the lungs and testis. The extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity against the ovarian cancer cell line OV7 compared to the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, with an IC50 value of 10.13±2.20. In vitro studies showed that a chitosan nanoparticle-loaded version of the extract (CSLA3) induced apoptosis and increased caspase-3 activity in OV7 cells. In vivo studies showed that treatment with the chitosan-loaded extract significantly increased mean survival time and percentage increase in life span in tumor-induced rats. Tumor cell volume and viable cell counts decreased, while non-viable cell count increased in the treated group. The study concluded that CSLA3 effectively inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer cells and demonstrated the potential of chitosan nanoparticles to deliver anticancer plant extracts. This also supports the traditional use of M. capitatum leaf extract as a treatment for ovarian cancer.

Acetylsalicylic Acid with Ascorbate: A Promising Combination Therapy for Solid Tumors.

Cancer is a deadly disease with high mortality rates in developing countries. A recent preclinical study found promising results in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by combining acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and ascorbate (AS), which might offer a safer alternative to expensive clinical chemotherapeutics; however, the impact of this combination on other tumors remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of combining ASA and AS in treating Ehrlich solid tumors. Eighty female Swiss albino mice were divided into eight groups (10 mice/group): four healthy groups (healthy, AS, ASA, and AS+ASA) and four groups with carcinoma (Ehrlich ascites carcinoma [EAC], EAC+AS, EAC+ASA, and EAC+AS+ASA). AS was injected intraperitoneally (4g/kg) daily for 10 days, whereas ASA was ingested orally at 60 mg/kg/day for 10 days. Carcinoma was induced by subcutaneous injection of 1×106 EAC cells/mouse once. Treatment of carcinoma started after 10 days of tumor inoculation. Blood, livers, and tumors were obtained, and tumor weights, volumes, and levels of hemoglobin, aminotransferases, albumin, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, lipid profile, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, glutathione, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase were estimated. The percentage increase in lifespan was also assessed. Tumor treatment alleviated tumor burden. Tumor size was reduced, lifespan increased, organs (liver, kidney, and heart) functions adjusted, hemoglobin, lipid profile improved, and oxidative stress decreased. Combining ASA with AS showed more effective antitumor effects than only ASA or AS alone. After more validation research, combining ASA with AS may provide benefit in cancer treatment.

Noni enhances the anticancer activity of cyclophosphamide and suppresses myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in tumor-bearing mice

Background and aimMorinda citrifolia fruit juice (noni) is an herbal remedy documented to have antioxidant properties. It has been suggested that prevention of carcinogen-DNA adduct formation and the antioxidant activity of NJ may contribute to the cancer preventive effect. In the present study, the antitumor activity of noni was investigated in the presence of cyclophosphamide (CYL) in vitro and in vivo.MethodsIn vitro breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468) were used to measure the percentage of inhibition and the IC50. The in vivo antitumor activity of noni was studied by monitoring the mean survival time (MST), percentage increase in life span (%ILS), viable and non-viable cell count, tumor volume, body weight, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters in mice. Treatment with noni and CYL exhibited dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity toward breast cancer cells.ResultsIndividual treatment of noni and CYL exhibited dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell lines, while in combination therapy of noni and CYL, noni enhances cytotoxic effect of CYL at 48 h than that at 24 h. Similar result was found in in vivo studies, the results of which revealed that alone treatment of CYL and noni suppressed tumor growth. However, combination treatment with CYL and noni presented better tumor inhibition than that of alone treatment of CYL and noni. On the contrary, CYL alone drastically attenuated hematological parameters, i.e., RBC, WBC, and Hb compared to normal and control groups, and this change was reversed and normalized by noni when given as combination therapy with CYL. Moreover, the levels of serum biochemical markers, i.e., AST, ALP, and ALT, were significantly increased in the control and CYL-treated groups than those in the normal group. In the combination treatment of noni and CYL, the above biochemical marker levels significantly decreased compared to CYL alone-treated group.ConclusionsThe present study suggested that CYL treatment can cause serious myelotoxicity and hepatic injury in cancer patients. In conclusion, the combined use of noni with CYL potentially enhances the antitumor activity of CYL and suppresses myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by CYL in tumor-bearing mice.

Enhanced antitumor effect of curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles in Dalton’s ascites lymphoma mice

Curcumin is widely known for its antibacterial, antioxidant and anti inflammatory effects and has been reported to possess anticancerous activity as well. However, its medical application is limited because of poor bioavailability and rapid metabolism. In this study, we encapsulated curcumin in solid lipid nanoparticles and studied its anticancerous effect in Dalton’s Ascites Lymphoma (DAL) mice model. The physicochemical characteristics of curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles (CUR-SLN) were assessed and the anticancer efficacy was determined by in vivo studies. The curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles were synthesized by solvent emulsification evaporation method with particle size less than 100 nm. Antitumor effect of nanocurcumin (50 mg/kg) and curcumin (100 mg/kg) was evaluated in Dalton’s Ascites Lymphoma bearing mice. Pathological and immunohistochemical parameters were studied. Mean survival time and percentage increase in lifespan were assessed. Nanocurcumin group showed more significant influence in reducing tumor volume and weight, inducing apoptosis, reducing angiogenesis and invasion restoring antioxidant parameters and increased mean survival time. Curcumin and nanocurcumin inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (Nf-kB), and thereby proved the pathway by which it induced anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive property.

Evaluation of the anti-cancer study of chloroform seed extract of Datura stramonium on EAC cell lines

Including cancer, native medicinal herbs have long been employed for illness prevention and treatment. Herbal supplements are promoted for their wide range of biological benefits, from preventing cancer cell proliferation to boosting the immune system. Datura stramonium L., a member of the Solanaceae family, is a common and easily accessible shrub that may grow to a height of 6 feet on fertile soil and a width of 3 feet in poor soil. The purpose of the current study is to determine whether or not a Chloroform seeds extract of Datura stramonium may inhibit cancer caused by the EAC cell line in albino mice. The collection of plant material and subsequent chloroform extraction using a Soxhlet equipment made this investigation possible. The percentage of cell growth inhibition, tumour weight, packed cell volume, average increase in body weight, change in food intake, mean survival time (MST), percentage increase in life span (% ILS), and viable and non-viable tumour cell count were all significantly different between the 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses of Datura stramonium in E.A.C. bearing mice. Here there is therapeutic promise for treating illnesses generated by oxidative stress, and the current investigation confirms that Datura stramonium L. is a rich source of considerable natural oxidants with anticancer agents.

Formulation development and in vitro–in vivo anticancer potential of novel nanoliposomal fluorinated curcuminoids

Curcumin (CUR) has proven efficacy in a wide range of medical conditions; however, due to its poor water solubility its therapeutic application has been restricted. Difluorintaed Curcumin (CDF), a curcumin analog with enhanced anticancer activity, has recently been reported. Here, fluorinated derivatives of CUR and desmthoxycurcumin (DMC) were synthesized, and nanoliposomal formulations developed. Results showed that the entrapment efficiency of nanoliposomal fluorinated CUR and fluorinated DMC as 78 % and 95 %, respectively. In the cancer cell lines, we showed that liposomal fluorinated CUR and liposomal fluorinated DMC inhibited cellular proliferation at micromolar concentrations (0.5–0.9 M). In vivo studies conducted in female BALB/c mice demonstrated further that both liposomal fluorinated derivatives greatly limit tumor development when compared to LCUR. Additionally, in combination therapy, liposomal fluorinated CUR or DMC mixed with liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) improved the time to reach endpoint (TTE) percentage tumor growth delay (TGD %), median survival time (MST) and percentage increase in lifespan (ILS %) values compared to doxorubicin formulation alone (P < 0.05). TTE values for LCUR, LF, LDF, and PBS were 32.9 ± 2.4, 41.7 ± 2.1, 39.0 ± 2.0, and 28.5 ± 2.0 days, respectively. In summary, the synthesized fluorinated curcumin analogs inhibit cancer cell proliferation to a greater extent than curcumin; thus, demonstrate excellent potential in cancer therapy.

Schiff base 4-ethyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl) thiosemicarbazide up-regulates the antioxidant status and inhibits the progression of Ehrlich solid tumor in mice

Cisplatin is an approved cancer therapeutic drug used to treat many solid tumors but its accumulation in the kidney, which causes nephrotoxicity, limits its clinical use. Therefore, investigators seek new alternatives to cisplatin that may be more effective and/or safer. Thiosemicarbazides are of great significance due to their expected biological activity including anticancer activities. The aim of this work is the study of the antitumor effect of Schiff base 4-ethyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl) thiosemicarbazide (HEPTS) on Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice in comparison to cancer therapeutic drug cisplatin. The experiment was run using sixty adult female Swiss albino mice. Mice were allocated into six groups (n = 10 mice). Healthy control, EAC control (untreated tumor), EAC + cisplatin, EAC + HEPTS, Healthy + HEPTS, and Healthy + solvent. After scarification, blood samples, liver organs, and solid tumors were collected. Tumor weights and volumes were registered. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), SOD, catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), uric acid, creatinine, and urea were assessed. Median survival time (MST) and the percentage increase in lifespan (%ILS) were also calculated. Treatment of tumorized mice with HEPTS significantly reduced both tumor volume and weight while it significantly increased the MST, antioxidant marks and prolonged the %ILS. It also, significantly reduced MAD, creatinine, urea, uric acid, and NO levels. Compared to cisplatin, HEPTS effects were better. Our results recommend HEPTS as one of the probable cisplatin-alternatives for tumor treatment after more validation.

Preliminary evaluation on the beneficial effects of pioglitazone in the treatment of endometrial cancer.

Endometrial cancer (EMC) is one of the complicated gynecological cancers, affecting more than three million women worldwide. Anticancer strategies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are found to be ineffective and are associated with patient incompliances. The aim of the present study is to repurpose non-oncological drug, i.e., Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist, in the treatment of endometrial cancer. The study groups consist of 50 female Swiss albino mice, out of which 40 had endometrial cancer induced with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and estradiol hexadrobenzoate (EHB). The other groups received saline, EHB, paclitaxel, and different test doses of pioglitazones. Different preliminary parameters such as weekly body weight, mean survival time, percentage increase in life span, and uterine tissue weight were analyzed along with histopathological analysis. We observed a significant change in weekly body weight, improvement in percentage life span, and partial restoration of uterine tissue weight to normal compared to a standard drug, paclitaxel. In the present preliminary evaluation, we have identified that pioglitazone exhibited a significant dose-dependent anticancer activity against ENU- and EHB-induced endometrial cancer, compared to the standard paclitaxel.

Vernonia cinerea regenerates tubular epithelial cells in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in cancer bearing mice without affecting antitumor activity

BackgroundTraditional Siddha Medicine advises using metal-based formulations to treat cancers. In the case of any toxicities during the therapy, Siddha physicians use Vernonia cinerea (VC) whole plant kashayam (crude aqueous extract-CAE) to reverse the toxic effects. AimTo evaluate the nephroprotective activity of CAE and its fractions in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and to assess whether they compromise the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin. Materials and methodsCisplatin-induced renal damage was induced in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice during mild phase of tumor growth. CAE and its butanol (BF) and aqueous (AF) fractions were administered orally from the 5th day for five days. Nephroprotective potential (serum urea, creatinine, renal histology) and effect of VC on cisplatin anticancer efficacy (tumor volume, viable tumor cells, percentage increase in life span (% ILS)) were calculated. ResultCAE and its fractions significantly reversed the cisplatin-induced renal damage. CAE and BF treated animals showed regeneration of 50%–75% of proximal tubular cells. Compared to EAC control mice, the % ILS of the cisplatin-treated group was 244% and it was further extended to 379% after CAE administration. The % ILS in the CAE treated group was 1.6 times higher than the cisplatin alone treated group. GC-MS study showed the presence of astaxanthin and betulin. ConclusionCAE of VC reverses cisplatin-induced kidney damage as well as regenerates proximal tubular epithelial cells, without compromising the anticancer effect of cisplatin. When CAE was further fractionated, the nephroprotective activity was retained, but the beneficial anticancer effect of cisplatin was compromised.

Anti-tumor potential of cucurbitacin triterpenoids of Momordica dioica Roxb. fruit by EAC induced ascites tumor model

Momordica dioicaRoxb. (Cucurbitaceae) is commonly known as spiny gourd and traditionally used as astringent, febrifuge, antiseptic, anthelmintic, spermicidal and also used in bleeding piles, urinary infection and as a sedative. Studies indicate that it possesses antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipid peroxidative, hypoglycaemic and analgesic properties. In this study, the anticancer efficacy of Cucurbitacins obtained from Momordica dioicaRoxb. (MDR) has been evaluated. Based on previous in-vitro studies performed, in-vivo studies were carried out on mice model. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were inoculated into swiss albino mice intraperitoneally to form a liquid tumor and then treated with oral administration of 50, 100, 200mg/kg. Evaluation parameters involved the mean survival time (MST), body weight, hematological parameters, Percentage increase in life span were measured in normal control, EAC control and Cucurbitacintreated groups (n = 6). Treatment with Cucurbitacins enriched fraction has shown anti-tumor effects against liquid tumor as indicated by a significant (P &lt; 0.05) reduction in body weight. Interestingly, the enriched bio fraction restored the altered hematological parameters of tumor-bearing animals and significantly increased their life span. These data indicate the cytotoxic potential effects of MDRon tumor cells opening new opportunities for further studies on the anti-cancer effects of this agent.

Antitumor Potential of Berberine and Cinnamic Acid against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma in Mice.

Berberine and cinnamic acid are natural compounds that exhibit potent anticancer activities through distinct molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the proapoptotic potential of cinnamic acid and berberine in cancer cells by examining their effect on the expression of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes. Moreover, the effects of berberine and cinnamic acid on the antitumor activity of cisplatin were investigated in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing mice. For the study, 90 male mice were inoculated intramuscularly with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (2.5 × 106/mouse), and then on day 4, mice were randomly divided into six experimental groups (group 1-untreated Ehrlich solid tumor (EST), group 2-EST treated CDDP, group 3-EST treated CA, group 4-EST treated BER, group 5-EST treated CA + CDDP, and group 6-EST treated BER + CDDP). The results showed that berberine and cinnamic acid significantly decreased tumor growth and tumor volume (-74.8 and -75.5%, respectively) both as single agents and in combination with cisplatin. Moreover, both berberine and cinnamic acid increased the ratio of tumor growth inhibition (-91.5 and -92.6%, respectively), mean survival time (61.5 and 26 days, respectively), and percentage increase in lifespan (559 and 263%, respectively) of the treated mice. Our results also showed that both berberine and cinnamic acid-induced apoptosis by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (74.1 and 45.1, respectively) and caspase-3 expression (14.3- and 11.6-fold increase, respectively). Additionally, berberine and cinnamic acid decreased oxidative stress markers, as shown by the decrease in lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels and an increase in reduced glutathione level. These results suggest that berberine and cinnamic acid have potential as antitumor and antioxidant agents derived from natural sources, which could be used alone or in combination with regular chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin. These effects could be attributed to the proapoptotic activity of berberine and cinnamic acid.

In Vivo Anticancer Activity of Cleome viscose Linn. alcoholic extract and its fractions against Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cell Line

The investigation aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer properties of alcoholic extracts and the fractions Cleome viscose Linn. against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell lines in Swiss albino mice. In the case of EAC tumor, 24 hours after tumor inoculation, the extract and fractions are administered every day within 14 days. On the fifteenth day the mice were sacrificed to monitor antitumor activity. The effect of alcoholic extracts and their fraction in terms of mean survival time, percentage increase in life span, spleen weight, ascitic fluid volume, ascitic fluid volume and angiogenesis of EAC-bearing mice and simultaneous alteration in hematological profile were estimated. Alcoholic extracts and their fractures exhibited an impact on mean survival time, percentage increase in life span, spleen weight, ascitic fluid volume, ascitic fluid volume, angiogenesis and haematological parameters in EAC tumor bearing mice. Hematological profile was reverted to normal level in the extracts and their fractions treated mice. From the current study of alcoholic extracts and its fraction of Cleome viscose Linn. exhibited antitumor action in a dose dependent manner comparable to that of standard drug. So, the current research provides a scientific basis for the curative use of Cleome viscose Linn. Which are largely attributable to the improver or synergies effect of their constituents.

Antitumor activity of raloxifene-targeted poly(styrene maleic acid)-poly (amide-ether-ester-imide) co-polymeric nanomicelles loaded with docetaxel in breast cancer-bearing mice.

Purpose Raloxifene (RA) receptors have over-expressed GPER-positive breast cancer tumors. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the antitumor activity and pharmacokinetic behavior of docetaxel (DTX), loaded in RA-targeted nanomicelles, which were designed to overcome a lack of specific distribution and inadequate DTX concentration in tumor tissues, as well as its cytotoxicity and damage to normal tissues. Methods DTX-loaded RA-targeted poly(styrene maleic acid) (SMA)- poly(amide-ether-esterimide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PAEEI-PEG) nanomicelles were prepared; then, their antitumor activity and survival rate were studied in MC4-L2 tumors induced in BALB/c mice. The pharmacokinetics of DTX-loaded SMA-PAEEI-PEG-RA micelles was also investigated in comparison with free DTX. Results DTX-loaded SMA-PAEEI-PEG-RA micelles inhibited tumor growth considerably and increased animal survival as compared to free DTX and non-targeted micelles. SMA-PAEEIPEG-RA micelles enhanced significantly the area under the curve (AUC0-∞) 1.3 times as compared to free DTX and reduced clearance (CL) from 410.43ml/kg.h (for free DTX) to 308.8ml/kg.h (for SMA-PAEEI-PEG-RA micelles). Volume of distribution (Vdss) was also reduced 1.4 times as compared to free DTX. RA-targeted micelles increased tumor inhibition rate (TIR) 1.3 times and median survival time (MST) >1.5 times compared to free DTX. Percentage increase in life span (%ILS) was also enhanced significantly from 41.66% to >83.33% in MC4-L2 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. Discussion All studies in this work showed the potential of DTX-loaded SMA-PAEEI-PEG-RA micelles in the treatment of GPER-positive receptor breast cancer tumors.

Design, synthesis, in silico toxicity prediction, molecular docking, and evaluation of novel pyrazole derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents.

A new series of pyrazole derivatives were designed by docking into vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) kinase active site. The designed compounds were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antiproliferative activity against HT-29 colon and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines, and angioinhibitory activity in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Based on the obtained antiproliferative activity results of in vitro and CAM assay, compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 5b, 5c and 5f were selected, and tested for anticancer activity using in vivo ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice. Compound 5c showed the highest in vitro antiproliferative activity against HT-29 and PC-3 with IC50 values of 6.43 µM and 9.83 µM respectively and comparable to reference drug Doxorubicin. Results of in vivo anticancer activity revealed that compound 5c showed the highest percentage increase in life span ( %ILS), and mean survival time (MST) with 75.13 % and 32.4 ± 0.53 days respectively. Moreover, compound 5c demonstrated significant reduction of microvessel density (MVD) in CAM assay. In silico prediction of toxicities, and drug score profiles of designed compounds are promising. A correlation made between the results obtained by antiproliferative study and molecular docking studies suggest that the synthesized compounds may be beneficial as molecular scaffolds for antiproliferative activity.

A study to evaluate the in-vivo anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of Holoptelea integrifolia leaves against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model using Swiss albino mice

Background: Herbs having ethnomedical uses is one of the best approaches in searching novel anticancer drugs. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of Holoptelea integrifolia leaves against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma induced liquid tumor model using Swiss Albino mice. Methods: Acute toxicity test was performed using Wistar albino rats before starting the in-vivo anticancer activity, were the MTD was more than 5000 mg/kg. Animals were divided into six groups of six animals each. 250mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of HI leaves, was administered orally for 9 days and Cisplatin (3.5 mg/kg, i.p., single dose). Various parameters like Change in body weight, Mean Survival Time, Percentage Increase in Life Span, Hematological & Biochemical parameters were assessed. Results: All the parameters were considerably restored towards the normal values. HIAL500mg/kg showed more significant results than 250 mg/kg. Hence 500mg/kg was taken for combination study with standard drug Cisplatin. Conclusions: On the basis of the above result it was suggested that, the in-vivo anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of Holoptelea integrifolia leaves possess significant anticancer property with the dose dependent effect. This may probably due to the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, phenols and flavonoids.

Evaluation of in vivo antitumor activity of cleistanthin B in Swiss albino mice

To evaluate the in vivo antitumor activity of cleistanthin B in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) and Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DAL) cell lines induced malignant ascites mouse models and DAL cell line induced solid tumor mouse model. All animals were injected with 2 × 106 EAC/DAL cells i.p./s.c. to induce malignant ascites and solid tumor and treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 20 mg/kg or cleistanthin B for 10 days. Cleistanthin B was given at three doses viz. 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. The percentage increase in life span and the overall survival in malignant ascites animals and the tumor volume in solid tumor animals were measured. The haematological parameters were assessed in all animals before and 2 weeks after the treatment. Cleistanthin B 50 mg/kg and 5-FU significantly prolonged the life span (>25%) of malignant ascites tumor bearing animals. The overall survival was significantly improved by both. Only cleistanthin B 50 mg/kg significantly reduced the elevated WBC counts in EAC tumor bearing animals. Both 5-FU and cleistanthin B 50 mg/kg reversed the malignancy induced increase in neutrophils and platelet counts and decrease in lymphocyte counts but not to the normal range. Only 5-FU significantly reduced the solid tumor volume. None of the three doses of cleistanthin B was effective against the solid tumor. Cleistanthin B has antitumor activity against EAC and DAL tumor mice but it is not as effective as 5-FU. At 50 mg/kg dose cleistanthin B exerts significant antitumor activity compared to 25 and 100 mg/kg dose. Its effect on WBC count is higher and advantageous when compared to 5-FU. But cleistanthin B in the doses used is not effective against solid tumor.

Anticancer Effect of dl-Glyceraldehyde and 2-Deoxyglucose in Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Bearing Mice and Their Effect on Liver, Kidney and Haematological Parameters.

Cancer cells generally exhibit increased glycolysis for ATP generation (the Warburg effect). Compounds that inhibit glycolysis have potential applications in cancer treatment. dl-glyceraldehyde (DLG) and 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG) have been proven effective in the inhibition of glucose metabolism. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells were injected intraperitoneally (i.p) in 10-12weeks old Swiss albino mice, weighing between 20 and 30g. The anticancer activity of DLG and 2-DG were determined by tumor volume, tumor weight, viable and nonviable tumor cell count, average survival time, percentage increase in life span and tumor inhibition ratio. The blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis after 9days of treatment to study the effect on liver, kidney and haematological parameters. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney was also performed. One-way ANOVA test and Dunnett's test were used for comparisons of parameters in study groups. Both DLG and 2-DG individually decreased the tumor weight, tumor volume, viable tumor cell count and significantly increased the life span of treated mice, however the combination was found to be better. The biochemical parameters of liver and kidney functions and haematological parameters were restored close to control group as compared with the EAC bearing mice. Histopathological examination of liver and kidney in EAC control group showed large areas of necrosis, congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration but such changes were not observed in liver and kidney sections observed after i.p injection of DLG and 2-DG for 9days. Improvement was much better in the group where combination of these two drugs were used.

Antitumor potential of Citrus limetta fruit peel in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing Swiss albino mice

&lt;em&gt;Citrus limetta &lt;/em&gt;Risso (Rutaceae), commonly known as sweet lime in English and &lt;em&gt;Mousambi&lt;/em&gt; in India, has been traditionally used for several medicinal purposes. This study explored the relationship between &lt;em&gt;Citrus limetta &lt;/em&gt;fruit peel and its antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing mice. The antitumor activity of methanol extract of peel of &lt;em&gt;Citrus limetta&lt;/em&gt; fruits (MECL) was evaluated against EAC cell line in Swiss albino mice. Twenty-four hours after intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor EAC cells in mice, MECL was administered at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight i.p. daily for nine consecutive days. On the 10th day, half of the mice were sacrificed for the estimation of tumor growth (tumor volume, viable and non-viable tumor cell counts), and hematologic parameters (red blood cells, white blood cells and hemoglobin). The rest were kept alive for assessment of survival parameters, &lt;em&gt;i.e. &lt;/em&gt;median survival time and percentage increase in life span of EAC bearing mice. Intraperitoneal administration of MECL at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for nine days to the carcinoma induced mice demonstrated a significant (P&amp;lt;0.001) decrease in tumor volume, viable tumor cell count, tumor weight and a significant (P&amp;lt;0.001) improvement in hematological parameters and life span as compared to the EAC control mice. The present study establishes marked and dose dependant anti-tumor effect of &lt;em&gt;C. limetta &lt;/em&gt;fruit peel against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing Swiss mice.

Anticancer activity of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Jasminum angustifolium&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Linn against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells bearing mice

Objective: Present investigations were carried out for evaluation of antitumor and in vitro antioxidant activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Jasminum angustifolium Linn. Methods: For its antitumor activity, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) induced swiss albino mice were used and were divided into five group with 6 animal each.The antitumor effect was assessed using viable tumour cell count, packed cell volume, body weight, mean survival time and percentage increase in life span. Apart from that, hematological and liver enzyme studies were noticed upon the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Jasminum angustifolium Linn administered at 500 mg/kg per day for 14 days, after 24 hours of tumor inoculation. Results: Treatment with extracts significantly restored the altered parameters to normal when compared to cancer control group. Conclusion: The results suggest that ethanol extract of Jasminum angustifolium Linn possess significant antitumor effects in EAC tumour bearing mice.

Antitumor efficacy and amelioration of oxidative stress by Trichosanthes dioica root against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice

Context: Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae) is a dioecious climber, traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes.Objective: The present study assessed the hydroalcoholic extract of T. dioica root (TDA) for antitumor effect and antioxidant influence against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice.Methods: Twenty four hours after intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor (EAC) cells in mice, TDA was administered at 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight daily for 9 consecutive days. On the 10th day, half of the mice were sacrificed for estimation of tumor proliferation, hematological, and liver antioxidant parameters viz. lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); and the rest were kept alive for assessment of increase in life span. The antitumor effect of TDA was assessed by evaluating tumor weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, viable and non-viable tumor cell counts, median survival time and percentage increase in life span of EAC bearing mice.Results and discussion: TDA exhibited dose dependent and significant (p < 0.001) decrease in tumor weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count and extended the life span of EAC bearing hosts. Hematological profiles were significantly (p < 0.001) restored near to normal in TDA treated mice as compared to EAC control. TDA treatment significantly (p < 0.001) modulated the aforesaid liver antioxidant parameters as compared to EAC control.Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that TDA possessed promising antitumor efficacy in mice, plausibly mediated by amelioration of oxidative stress by multiple mechanisms.