Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale Research Articles

RELATIONSHIPS AND DIFFERENCES IN IMPLICITE INTELLIGENCE, PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND PERCEIVED ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY AMONG COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL STUDENTS

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships of implicit intelligence, perceived social support and perceived academic self-efficacy and to identify how these factors influence academic achievements amongst youth, as well as implement adaption of the revised implicit theories of intelligence (self-theory) scale (De Castell & Byrne, 2015) in Latvia. The research was based on implicit intelligence, perceived social support and academical self-efficacy theories. Nowadays, a growing amount of attention is focused on the reasons driving the academic achievements, self-belief and cumulates conversations about the importance of a social support. According to other scientists’ notes, there is a connection between implicit beliefs of intelligence, social support, academic self-efficacy, because all these constructively provide academic achievements. In several researches there are noted differences between boys and girls, therefore it was studied if there is a difference between sexes. 258 respondents participated in the research (N = 258) from two schools in Latvia between ages of 14-18, 134 of which were girls (n = 134) and remaining 124 - boys (n = 124), all completed three surveys - The revised implicit theories of intelligence (self-theory) scale (De Castell & Byrne, 2015); Children’s Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (Bandura, 2006); Multidimensional scale of perceived social support /MSPSS/ (Zimet, G.D, Dahlem, N.W., Zimet, S.G., & Farley, G.K., 1988). Results showed that between academic achievements and development thinking, academical self-efficacy, perceived social support there is a statically important positive correlation, but negative – with common and fixed belief about the measures of intelligence. A positive connection was found between academic self-efficacy and academic achievements, as well as, from all the studied measures, academical self-efficacy forecasts academical achievements the best of all (3.6%). Differences amongst sexes were also noted. Results confirmed the expected correlation and matches other researches carried out before, which proves that the implicit intelligence, social support and academic self-efficacy are important for the learning achievements and researches on this topic should be carried out in the future, especially on implicit intelligence.

Multidimensional Scales of Perceived Self-Efficacy (MSPSE): Measurement invariance across Italian and Colombian adolescents

Multidimensional Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale for Children has been developed as an important tool to measure Self-Efficacy in school contexts. The present study assesses the measurement invariance of the MSPSE across two samples of Italian and Colombian adolescents using Multi-sample Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Participants were Italian (N = 564) and Colombian (N = 645) students attending the 7th grade (age 12–13) drawn from a residential community near Rome and three Colombian cities: Medellin, Manizales and Santa Marta. Findings from gender invariance provide high support for full and partial invariance among Colombian and Italian adolescents respectively. Cross-national comparison showed partial scalar invariance between Italy and Colombia, with Italian students perceiving themselves as more efficacious on Academic, Social and Self-Regulatory dimensions. MSPSE’s structural validity has been confirmed, along with its three-factor-structure across gender, for the Italian and Colombian samples. The findings support the invariance and the validity of this scale to measure Self-Efficacy in school contexts from a cross-cultural perspective.

Impact of an intervention through Facebook to strengthen Self-esteem in nursing students

Objective:to evaluate the impact of the “Strengthening Self-Esteem” intervention proposed by the Nursing Interventions Classification, conducted through the use of Facebook, on the self-esteem and self-efficacy levels of nursing undergraduates.Method: quasi-experimental study carried out in two Higher Education Institutions. The sample consisted of 74 students. Two data collection tools were applied before and after the intervention: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and General and Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale. The students were submitted to the intervention for ten sessions. Posts were made in private profile created on Facebook and consisted of positive messages, reflective texts and pictures, all supported by the persuasive resources of Bandura’s theoretical framework. Results: of the 264 students who answered the pretest, 74 (28.03%) participated in the interventions and the post-test. Rosenberg self-esteem (p=0.026) and self-efficacy (p=0.001) scores after the intervention were significantly higher than those obtained before, confirming the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusion: the “Strengthening Self-Esteem” intervention was effective for improving students’ self-esteem and self-efficacy levels. Such interventions help spread knowledge and build mentally healthier individuals.

Associations of psychological distress with positive psychological variables and activities of daily living among stroke patients: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundDepression and anxiety result in psychological distress, which can further affect mental status and quality of life in stroke patients. Exploring the associations between positive psychological variables and symptoms of psychological distress following stroke is of great significance for further psychological interventions.MethodsA total of 710 stroke patients from the five largest cities in Liaoning Province in China were enrolled into the present study in July 2014. All patients independently completed the questionnaires with respect to psychological distress and positive psychological variables. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, respectively. Positive psychological variables were evaluated using Perceived Social Support Scale, Adult Hope Scale (AHS), General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale and Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14). Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was measured using Barthel Index. Factors associated with psychological variables and depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified using t-test, ANOVA, correlation and hierarchical linear regression analysis.ResultsDepressive and anxiety symptoms were present in 600 of 710 (84.51%) and 537 of 710 (75.63%) stroke patients enrolled, respectively.Social support (β = − 0.111, p < 0.001) and hope (β = − 0.120, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with both depressive and anxiety symptoms.Resilience (β = − 0.179, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with depressive symptoms.Self-efficacy (β = − 0.135, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that ADL accounted for 10.0 and 6.0% of the variance of depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively.Social support, resilience, self-efficacy and hope as a whole accounted for 7.5 and 5.3% of the variance of depressive and anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsThe high frequency of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese stroke survivors should receive attentions from all stakeholders. Findings suggested that intervention strategies on ADL, social support, hope, resilience and self-efficacy could be developed to improve psychosocial outcomes for stroke survivors.

Factors associated with Chinese pregnant women's preference for a cesarean section based on the theory of planned behaviour.

Cesarean delivery on maternal request is one of the important public health issues in China. Our study aimed to apply the theory of planned behaviour to comprehensively determine the factors regarding pregnant women's preference for cesarean section and to provide references for establishing measures to reduce cesarean delivery on maternal request. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted in four women's and children's hospitals in China from May to June 2018. Eligible women arriving for routine antenatal visits at these hospitals were recruited to answer a structured questionnaire. A total of 1853 pregnant women consented to participate in the investigation, with a response rate of 88.75%. Finally, 1677 pregnant women (984 nulliparae and 693 multiparae) were involved in the analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used. Of the study participants, 20.39% preferred cesarean section. For both nulliparae and multiparae, those who had lower scores of attitudes towards vaginal delivery, lower scores of childbirth self-efficacy and higher scores of subjective norms were more likely to prefer cesarean section. Pregnant women's birth preferences were significantly associated with their attitudes towards the delivery mode, childbirth self-efficacy and subjective norms, which is consistent with the theory of planned behaviour. Interventions to reduce cesarean delivery on maternal request can be developed based on the theory of planned behaviour.

Cognitive and affective empathy in binge drinking adolescents: Does empathy moderate the effect of self-efficacy in resisting peer pressure to drink?

Binge drinking during adolescence is influenced by peer pressure and group norms as risk factors. Conversely, drinking refusal self-efficacy is a protective factor. Thus, adolescents with impaired social skills could be more vulnerable to binge drinking. However, there is still little research on impaired social abilities, such as low empathy, in adolescent binge drinkers. This study aimed to investigate the moderating roles of empathic concerns and perspective-taking in the relationship between self-efficacy in resisting peer pressure to drink (SRPPD) and binge drinking. Participants were 188 Italian adolescents (Mage = 16.93, SDage = 0.76; age-range: 15–19). Self-report instruments were administered. Binge drinking was evaluated with an open response item according to the clinical definition of symptoms; SRPPD was assessed with an item from the Perceived Self-Efficacy scale; empathic concerns and perspective-taking were measured with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index scale. A moderation regression analysis was run. Results showed that binge drinking is positively predicted by age, and negatively predicted by SRPPD and empathic concerns. Only perspective-taking proved to be a moderator in the relationship between SRPPD and binge drinking. In the presence of low perspective-taking, adolescents with low SRPPD reported more binge drinking than adolescents with high SRPPD. Conversely, for adolescents with high levels of perspective-taking, low SRPPD did not predict binge drinking. Our results shed light on patterns of cognitive and affective empathy in binge drinking adolescents, providing relevant implications for research and prevention for at-risk teenagers.

Samoefikasnost i perfekcionizam kod studenata

An investigation with the General Perceived Self-Efficacy and Perfectionism Scales was carried out on 179 students of the Faculty of Arcs in Zadar. On the basis of results obtained in previous investigations with these scales the authors tested their psychometric properties. Both scales have a satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach alpha for general Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale was .85, and for Perfectionism Scale .69). Results from the General Perceived Self- Efficacy Scales were compared with the results obtained on samples of German university students (Schwarzer, 1996). It is possible to explain the results on the sample of Croatians as well as on the sample of Germans in relation to one general factor-the factor of general self- efficacy.

¿Cómo se interrelacionan las variables de burnout, engagement y autoeficacia académica? Un estudio con adolescentes escolares

&lt;p&gt;El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre burnout, engagement y autoeficacia académica en una muestra de 1756 alumnos (M=14,47; DT=1,63) pertenecientes a 12 centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron las versiones españolas del &lt;em&gt;Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey&lt;/em&gt; (MBI-SS) (Schaufeli &lt;em&gt;et al.,&lt;/em&gt; 2002), la &lt;em&gt;Utrecht Work Engagement Scale – Student &lt;/em&gt;(UWES-S)&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;(Schaufeli &lt;em&gt;et al.,&lt;/em&gt; 2002) y la &lt;em&gt;Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica de Situaciones Académicas (EAPESA)&lt;/em&gt; (García &lt;em&gt;et al.,&lt;/em&gt; 2010). Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas inversas entre el agotamiento físico/emocional y cinismo del burnout con el vigor y dedicación del engagement de la misma manera que relaciones positivas entre la autoeficacia académica con el vigor, dedicación y absorción, en una línea de conductas más autodeterminadas. Se desprende la importancia de la promoción de comportamientos adaptativos que mejoren el bienestar y vida académica de los estudiantes en sus centros educativos.&lt;/p&gt;

Beliefs About Medications in IBD

BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to medication is a well-known problem in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, with prevalence rates ranging from 7-77% for oral medications [1], and 17-29% for biologics [2]. Factors such as total daily dose, administration route, psychological problems and younger age have been identified as predictors of non-adherence. In contrast, there is a paucity of information regarding the medication beliefs held by people with IBD. The aim of this study was to investigate the beliefs about medications expressed by patients with IBD, and to investigate if these beliefs were associated with fatigue, depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy. METHODS: Patients from nine hospital outpatient clinics in Norway, were recruited as part of the 1-Year follow-up of the Vitality-study [3]. The Belief about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ-specific) was used, consisting of two 5-item scales assessing patients' beliefs about the necessity of medication and their concerns about potential adverse effects of taking it. The score range is 5-25, where a higher score indicates higher necessity beliefs or more medication concerns, respectively. Fatigue was measured with the Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ), including both physical (PF), mental (MF) and total (TF) fatigue. A higher score indicates more fatigue. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and D). Higher HADS score indicate increased symptoms. Self-efficacy was measured using the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), where a lower score indicates lower self-efficacy. RESULTS: A total of 67% (274/410) of the original Vitality-study cohort agreed to participate at the one-Year follow-up, of which 94% (257/274) had evaluable data on all outcome measures. Mean BMQ necessity score was 18.5 (SD 4.3, range 5-25), while mean BMQ-concern score was 12.4 (SD 4.1, range 5-23). Increased HADS-D and physical fatigue were negatively associated with BMC necessity (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). BMQ-concern was higher in patients with lower self-efficacy scores (P<0.001) higher HADS-A scores (P<0.001) and mental fatigue scores (P<0.05). Total fatigue scores were not associated with neither BMQ necessity nor concern. CONCLUSION(S): In this study, we observed that IBD patients had generally low concerns about their prescribed medication, as well as a high belief in the necessity of these medications. Increased concern was associated with increased anxiety and fatigue scores as well as decreased self-efficacy. A decreased belief in the necessity of IBD medication was associated with increased depression and physical fatigue. Addressing these beliefs through a patient-centered approach in clinical follow-up may potentially also optimise patient adherence to medical treatment in IBD.

أثر استخدام المنصات التعلیمیة لمتابعة الواجبات المنزلیة فی الکفاءة الذاتیة المدرکة وتحصیل الریاضیات لطالبات الصف الثالث المتوسط بمدینة مکة المکرمة

تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر استخدام المنصات التعليمية لمتابعة الواجبات المنزلية في الکفاءة الذاتية المدرکة وتحصيل الرياضيات، لطالبات الصف الثالث المتوسط بمدينة مکة المکرمة. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف، اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج التجريبي، القائم على التصميم شبه التجريبي، وتم إعداد دليل المعلمة لاستخدام إدمودو في إعداد ومتابعة الواجبات المنزلية، ودليل الطالبة لاستخدام إدمودو في الواجبات المنزلية، ومن ثم أنشأت الباحثة مجموعة في المنصة التعليمية إدمودو. واختارت الباحثة عينة عشوائية من المدرسة المتوسطة السابعة والعشرين مکونة من (68) طالبة، موزعة على مجموعتين: ضابطة (تم متابعة واجباتهن المنزلية بالطريقة المعتادة)، وتجريبية (تم متابعة واجباتهن المنزلية باستخدام المنصة التعليمية). وقد أخضعت عينة الدراسة قبليا وبعديا لمقياس الکفاءة الذاتية المدرکة في حل المسألة الرياضية، الذي أعده عبابنة والزغلول (1998)، والاختبار التحصيلي الذي أعدته الباحثة. وقد أجريت المعالجات الإحصائية لاختبار فروض الدراسة باستخدام المتوسطات الحسابية، والانحرافات المعيارية، واستخدام الاختبار (ت) في حالة عينتين غير مستقلتين لمعرفة دلالة الفروق بين المجموعة نفسها في التطبيقين القبلي والبعدي، وفي حالة عينتين مستقلتين لمعرفة دلالة الفروق بين المجموعتين، الضابطة والتجريبية، في التطبيقين القبلي والبعدي. وأسفرت نتائج الدراسة عن أن استخدام المنصات التعليمية لمتابعة الواجبات المنزلية له تأثير في رفع مستوى الکفاءة الذاتية المدرکة، وله أيضا تأثير في تحسين التحصيل الدراسي في الرياضيات لدى طالبات الصف الثالث المتوسط. وقد انتهت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات، منها: إجراء دراسات تسلط الضوء على استخدامات المنصات التعليمية ومدى ارتباط ذلک بالمخرجات التعليمية المختلفة. The study is committed to identify the impact of using Educational platforms in homework follow-up on the perceived self-efficacy and educational achievement of mathematics for the third grade preparatory school students (female students) in Makkah al-Mukarramah. For the sake of achieving this objective, the study has depended on the experimental approach which is based on the quasi-experimental design.Then, a teacher directory has been prepared for using Edmodo in homework preparation and follow-up, and a student directory has been prepared for using Edmodo in homework. Accordingly, the researcher has created a group in the educational platform Edmodo. The researcher selected a random sample out of The Twenty Seventh Intermediate School, consisted of (68) students, divided into two groups: a control group (whose homework follow-up has been in the traditional way) and an experimental group (whose homework follow-up has depended on the educational platform). After that, the study sample has been submitted priori and posteriori to the Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale for Solving Mathematical Sums, prepared by Ababna and Zaghlol (1998). It has also been submitted to the achievement test prepared by the researcher.Moreover, the statistical treatments have been conducted to examine the study hypotheses by using the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation, as well as using T-Test in the case of two dependent samples to identify the differences within the group itself in the prior and posterior applications and in the case of two independent samples to identify the differences between the control and experimental groups in the prior and posterior applications. The results of study have revealed that using educational platforms in homework follow-up has great effect on raising the level of perceived self-efficacy, as well as on the educational achievement of mathematics for the third grade preparatory school students. Finally, the study has ended-up with a set of recommendations. It urges doing more studies which shed light on the uses of educational platforms and their relevance to the different educational outputs.

Correlation between social support, self-efficacy and health-promoting behavior in hemodialysis patients hospitalized in Karaj in 2015.

BackgroundIn hemodialysis, as a choice of treatment due to long treatment duration, the patient encounters limitations. Perceived social support, perceived self-efficacy and health promoting activities are important strategies to facilitate and maintain their health.AimTo determine the correlation between social support, self-efficacy and health promoting behaviors in hemodialysis patients hospitalized in Karaj city in 2015.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was carried out on 200 hemodialysis patients who were selected from four hospitals in Karaj based on cluster sampling. Data were collected using these methods: “General Questionnaire”, “Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale”, “Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale” and “Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile 2”. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 22 and the EQS 6.1. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis test, spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data. To determine the relation between perceived self-efficacy, perceived social support and health promoting behavior, structural equation modeling was applied.ResultsSelf-efficacy has a significant positive correlation with social support (r=0.592, p<0.001) and significant negative correlation with health-promoting behaviors (r=−0.709, p<0.001), and social support has a significant negative correlation with health-promoting behaviors (r=−0.709, p<0.001). Also, results showed that perceived self-efficacy had a greater role than perceived social support in explaining health-promoting behaviors.ConclusionThe relationship between health promoting behaviors, self-efficacy and social support reveals a necessity for Community Health Nursing planners, matrons and hospital managers and nurses to pay more attention to the needs of patients under hemodialysis. It is recommended that due to some unexpected findings in this study, further studies shall be fulfilled on the factors effective on the discussed variables.

Valores normativos de una escala de autoeficacia académica en estudiantes universitarios de Lima

&lt;p&gt;El presente trabajo sintetiza la obtención de valores normativos (baremos) de la Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica de Situaciones Académicas (EAPESA) en estudiantes universitarios de Lima. Participaron 883 estudiantes (75.5% mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 16 y 56 años (M=22.16). El análisis factorial confirmatorio realizado indica que los datos se ajustan a la estructura unidimensional, y los coeficientes de confiabilidad utilizados (α, ω y H) presentan magnitudes elevadas. Los puntajes de la EAPESA no se ajustan a la normalidad, por lo que se elaboraron baremos utilizando percentiles. Se discuten los resultados y se sugieren guías para utilizar las normas. &lt;/p&gt;

Development and validation of a self-efficacy scale for postoperative rehabilitation management of lung cancer patients.

The purpose of this study was to develop a Self-Efficacy Scale for Rehabilitation Management designed specifically for postoperative lung cancer patients (SESPRM-LC) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Based on the concept of self-management of chronic disease, items were developed from literature review and semistructured interviews of 10 lung cancer patients and screened by expert consultation and pilot testing. Psychometric evaluation was done with 448 postoperative lung cancer patients recruited from 5 tertiary hospitals in Fuzhou, China, by incorporating classical test theory and item response theory methods. A 6-factor structure was illustrated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, explaining 60.753% of the total variance. The SESPRM-LC achieved Cronbach's α of 0.694 to 0.893, 2-week test-retest reliability of 0.652 to 0.893, and marginal reliability of 0.565 to 0.934. The predictive and criterion validities were demonstrated by significant association with theoretically supported quality-of-life variables (r=0.211-0.392, P<.01), and General Perceived Self-efficacy Scale (r=0.465, P<.01), respectively. Item response theory analysis showed that the SESPRM-LC offers information about a broad range of self-efficacy measures and discriminates well between patients with high and low levels of self-efficacy. We demonstrated initial support for the reliability and validity of the 27-item SESPRM-LC, as a developmentally appropriate instrument for assessing self-efficacy among lung cancer patients during postoperative rehabilitation.

Self-efficacy beliefs, locus of control, religiosity and non-adherence to immunosuppressive medications in kidney transplant patients.

Adherence to immunosuppressive medication is essential for favourable kidney transplant outcomes. The present study aims to investigate how self-efficacy beliefs, health locus of control and religiosity are associated with adherence to immunosuppressives in post kidney transplant recipients. This is a cross-sectional study with 88 recipients with more than 1 year after transplantation. Three methods were used to classify patients as adherent or non-adherent: Basel Assessment of Adherence Scale for Immunosuppressives - BAASIS, the collateral report and blood levels of immunosuppressive medications. Self-efficacy, health locus of control, and religiosity were evaluated applying General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale and Duke University Religion Index, respectively. Non-adherence was modelled by uni- and multivariated analysis. Sixty-three percent of the patients were male, age 47.2 ± 12.9 years, and median post-transplant time 108.71 (49.0-266.0) months. We found 70.5% of patients were non-adherent through at least one method. Adherent patients presented higher self-efficacy scores (45.1 ± 4.9 vs 38.3 ± 8.6; P < 0.001) and higher intrinsic religiosity (14.0 ± 1.6 vs. 12.8 ± 2.5; P = 0.016) compared to the non-adherents. Organizational and non-organizational religiosity did not differ between these groups. By logistic regression, non-adherence was associated with lower self-efficacy (OR 0.81, IC 0.70-0.92, P = 0.002), chance locus of control (OR 1.23, IC 1.04-1.45, P = 0.016) and lower intrinsic religiosity (OR 0.56, IC 0.38-0.84, P = 0.006). Our study showed that self-efficacy, chance locus of control, and intrinsic religiosity were associated with non-adherence to immunosuppressives. A broader perception of the kidney transplant patient´s integrality can help health professionals to design strategies to promote adherence in this population.

Investigation of the relationship between pre-service science teachers’ perceived self-efficacy in science teaching and disposition toward reflective thinking

The study aims to examine the relationship between perceived self-efficacy in science teaching and disposition towards reflective thinking in pre-service science teachers based on different variables. For this purpose, the Perceived Self-efficacy Scale for Science Teaching and Disposition Towards Reflective Thinking Scale were conducted in 619 pre-service science teachers attending four public universities in Turkey. The research results suggest a positive significant relationship between perceived self-efficacy in science teaching and disposition towards reflective thinking at medium-level. While perceived self-efficacy in science teaching did not have any significant difference in respect to gender, grade level, type of education, status of giving private lessons or type of high school, the difference based on the universities and sense of academic success of pre-service science teachers was found to be significant. Disposition towards reflective thinking is not significantly different based on grade, type of education, type of high school or status of giving private lesson, whereas significant differences are observed in respect to gender, universities and sense of academic success. A regression equation was devised for the variables that predict disposition towards reflective thinking. The implications were discussed.

¿PREDICE LA AUTOEFICACIA PERCIBIDA LA ANSIEDAD ESCOLAR?: ESTUDIO CON ESTUDIANTES CHILENOS DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA

Dada la importancia de las creencias de eficacia personal en el desarrollo cognitivo de las personas y su marcada influencia en las reacciones emocionales y conductuales experimentadas sobre todo ante situaciones difíciles, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar la capacidad predictiva de la autoeficacia percibida sobre la ansiedad escolar en una muestra de 1284 estudiantes chilenos de educación secundaria, 634 chicos y 650 chicas (49.4% y 50.6% respectivamente) con edades entre los 14 y 18 años (M = 15.43, DE = 1.24). Para ello, se evaluó la autoeficacia percibida con la Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica de Situaciones Académicas (EAPESA) y la ansiedad escolar con el Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar (IAES). Los análisis de regresión logística revelaron que bajas puntuaciones en autoeficacia académica percibida predicen la alta ansiedad, revelando con ello la influencia de la autoeficacia percibida sobre la ansiedad escolar. A partir de estos resultados, es posible anticipar que la mejora de las expectativas de autoeficacia aumentaría las probabilidades de disminuir los elevados niveles de ansiedad en los estudiantes. Palabras claves: Autoeficacia percibida, ansiedad escolar, educación secundaria, regresión logística.

A randomized controlled trial of an educational programme with telephone reinforcement to improve perceived health status of Brazilian burn victims at 6-month post discharge.

The aim of this study was to compare health status, self-efficacy, symptoms of depression and anxiety and post-traumatic stress between two groups of burn victims receiving information on self-care through routine care or an educational programme with telephone reinforcement. Self-care post discharge is an important factor on quality of life of burn victims. Reinforcement of self-care programme via telephone follow-up might improve self-efficacy and general health perception in burn victims. Randomized, controlled clinical trial. From 2011-2012, we randomized 108 burn victims either to an educational programme on self-care tailored for burn victims according to the cognitive social theory and reinforcement by telephone every 4-6weeks for 6months post discharge, or to the routine instructions given at discharge from the hospital. During hospitalization, at discharge, at 6 and 12months post discharge, we collected data on socio-demographic characteristics, Burns Specific Health Scale Revised (BSHS-R), Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (PSE), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS) and Impact of the Event Scale (IES). We analysed data using t-test, Chi-square test and linear regression models. Groups were similar regarding clinical and demographic characteristics, except for age. At 6-month follow-up, there were no differences between the groups on BSHS-R, PSE and HADS Depression, while the intervention group showed fewer symptoms of anxiety (HADS Anxiety) and lower IES scores than the control group. The educational programme, when compared with usual care, reduced anxiety symptoms and post-traumatic stress. Educational programmes with telephone follow-up might be a viable intervention to improve self-care for burn victims.

Reliablity and validity of Chinese Version of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale in patients after stroke

Objective To translate the English version of the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES) into Chinese and test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of ESES in patients after stroke. Methods Totally 214 patients after stroke were recruited and were investigated by the Chinese version of ESES. Results The internal consistency coefficient of the Chinese version of ESES was 0.879. The split half reliability coefficient was 0.858(P <0.01). The test-retest reliability was 0.657. Item-total correlation coefficient ranged between 0.627 and 0.779 (P <0.01). Factor analysis got one factor, which explained 59.745% of the total variance, and the factor loading of each item was above 0.4. Using General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) as an external criterion, the Pearson correlation coefficient of ESES with GSES was 0.496. Conclusions The Chinese version of ESES has been proved to be reliable and valid. It can be used as a valid tool for the measurement of exercise self-efficacy in patients after stroke. Key words: The exercise self-efficacy; Stroke; Reliability; Validity

الفاعلیة الذاتیة لمعلمی التعلیم العام فی تدریس التلامیذ ذوی صعوبات التعلم General Education Teachers’ Perceived Self-Efficacy in Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities

هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرف على تصور معلمي التعليم العام لمستوى فاعليتهم الذاتية في تدريس التلاميذ ذوي صعوبات التعلم، والکشف عن العلاقة بين الفاعلية الذاتية لدى المعلمين ومتغيرات طبيعة العمل، والمؤهل التعليمي، والخبرة في التدريس. وقد تکونت عينة الدراسة من(337) معلما من معلمي التعليم العام و(61) معلما من معلمي صعوبات التعلم من العاملين في مدارس المرحلة الابتدائية بمدينة الرياض التابعة لوزارة التعليم، وتم استخدام مقياس الحاج حسين معلم التربية الخاصة لفاعليته الذاتية في تعليم ذوي الاعاقة لتحقيق ذلک. أشارت النتائج إلى أن تصورات أفراد الدراسة من معلمي التعليم العام حول فاعليتهم الذاتية لم تکن إيجابية في درجة المقياس الکلية وفي جميع أبعاده، حيث انحصرت جميع متوسطاتها في الاتقان الجزئي، إذ بينت النتائج إتقانهم لسبع من المهارات الثلاثة والثلاثين التي تضمنها المقياس فقط. وأشارت النتائج أيضا إلى وجود فروق دالة کبيرة بين تصور معلمي التعليم العام وبين تصور معلمي صعوبات التعلم لفاعليتهم الذاتية في تدريس التلاميذ ذوي صعوبات التعلم وذلک لصالح معلمي صعوبات التعلم, وأشارت أيضا إلى وجود علاقة دالة بين مستوى الفاعلية الذاتية عند معلمي التعليم العام ومتغير المؤهل التعليمي لصالح اصحاب الشهادات العليا من حملة الدبلوم والماجستير في بعد التقييم الرسمي، ومتغير سنوات الخبرة لصالح من تراوحت خبرتهم في التدريس ما بين 10 إلى أقل من عشرين سنة في جميع أبعاد المقياس عدا بعد إدارة الصف. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the level of self-efficacy of general education teachers in teaching students with learning disabilities. The relationship between the level of self-efficacy and these selected variables: nature of work , academic qualification, and teaching experience. Three hundred thirty seven (337) general education teachers and sixty one (61) special education teachers from elementary schools from Riyadh participated in the study. The Special Education Teachers’ Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale was used to collect data for this study. The findings showed that the general education teachers perceived their self-efficacy as being not efficient in all scale domains. The findings also showed significantly differences between general and special education teachers in their perceived self-efficacy in teaching students with learning disabilities. Academic qualification, and teaching experience significantly correlated with their self-efficacy in particular domains of knowledge and skills.

Impact of Clinical and Quality of Life Outcomes of Long-Stay ICU Survivors Recovering From Rehabilitation on Caregivers' Burden.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the time course of clinical and health-related quality of life outcomes of long-stay ICU survivors' and caregivers' burden. The study included 23 subjects of mixed diagnosis (66 ± 11 y, body mass index 26.5 ± 5.6 kg/m(2)) with a recent episode of acute respiratory failure needing in-hospital rehabilitation. Subjects and caregivers were evaluated at hospital discharge (T0, n = 23) and 6 months later (T6, n = 16). At T0 and T6, subjects' clinical status (Dependence Nursing Scale), FVC (percent-of-predicted FVC and percent-of-predicted FEV), maximum inspiratory/expiratory pressures, effort tolerance (sit-to-stand, Takahashi test, 6-min walking distance), and disability (Barthel index) were evaluated. EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), McGill Quality of Life, General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A/HADS-D) were assessed. Caregivers' burden was measured by the Family Strain Questionnaire short form and Caregiver Needs Assessment. Correlation between subjects' clinical status and caregiver assessments was performed at T0. At T0, subjects showed compromised EQ-5Dindex (0.42 ± 0.28); 69% of caregivers had high Family Strain Questionnaire and moderate Caregiver Needs Assessment scores (30 ± 13). EQ-5Dindex was significantly related to Dependence Nursing Scale score (P < .001), percent-of-predicted FVC (P < .02), effort tolerance (all P < .01), disability (P < .001), and caregiver Family Strain Questionnaire score (P < .02). At T6, subjects significantly improved percent-of-predicted FVC (P < .05), maximum expiratory pressure (P < .01), effort tolerance (all P < .05), disability (P < .02), and EQ-5Dindex (P < .05), whereas caregivers' burden scores were unchanged. However, the percentage of caregivers with strain increased. In prolonged-ICU-stay survivors, EQ-5Dindex at hospital discharge is related to clinical status and caregivers' strain. Subjects' clinical status and EQ-5Dindex improves over time, but caregivers' burden remains high, suggesting the need to monitor/support caregivers.