Critical Perception Research Articles

Reorientação do estágio de Odontologia no SUS subsidiada pela criticidade de preceptores

O preceptor de estágio exerce influência chave na formação profissional e pessoal do estagiário. Uma vez que o preceptor está grande período de tempo em contato com o acadêmico, este pode auxiliar na identificação das principais limitações do estágio curricular de Odontologia no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo deste estudo foi expor percepções críticas de cirurgiões-dentistas preceptores de estágio no SUS, com enfoque no processo de reestruturação curricular de um curso de graduação em Odontologia. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória e descritiva com abordagem qualitativa junto a cirurgiões-dentistas preceptores de estágio (n=8) do referido curso. A apreensão das informações se deu por meio da técnica em entrevista de Grupo Focal e os dados foram transcritos e categorizados por meio da Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Da análise emergiram quatro dimensões: Estrutura Organizacional, Perfil do Estagiário, Serviço de Saúde e Atuação do Orientador. Os preceptores investigados assumem a importância do estágio para a integração entre academia e serviço. Todavia, sua percepção encontra-se arraigada no modelo biologicista, o que sugere um enorme desafio às políticas públicas atuais e em especial à mudança curricular do curso de Odontologia, centrada na integralidade da atenção humana e na abordagem humanista, crítica e reflexiva em saúde.

THE POETIC WORLD OF I. A. KURATOV

I. A. Kuratov’s creative activity has been an outstanding phenomenon in the history of Komi and Finno-Ugrian literatures. In the period of the democratic enlightenment the incipient Komi literature which was written by I. A. Kuratov in terms of the real illustration of the nation’s life was in line with literatures with old traditions. It is known, that I. A. Kuratov was not the sole writer of the 19th century, such names as G. Lytkin, P. Rasputin, P. Klochkov, M. Istomin and others are also well known. I. Kuratov knew about literary experiments by the Komi writers of the beginning of the 19th century. The critical perception of the works by these authors helped him to a certain degree to comprehend which targets must the poet solve, who represents a small nation of Russia. This article deals with the study of I. Kuratov’s lyric system, which is multi-subject, containing different ways of expressing the author’s consciousness. The relevance of the work is due to research opportunities that open up the study of the subjective system of works to reveal the individual author's system of the Komi poet. Poems of peasant themes by I. Kuratov are analyzed. The subject of the research is the subject organization as one of the most important ways of expressing the author's consciousness. I. Kuratov strives to embody the idea of the internal unity of the rural collective both at the heroic and at the structural and subjective level. Such a task materializes both in the sphere of subject organization and in the structure of the text itself, each element of which (artistic space, imagery series, motive complex, objective world, composition, plot) somehow becomes a means of representing the author's discourse.

Russia's Foreign Policy towards Crimean Separatism: Its Learning from Georgia-Russo War

This paper discusses how Russia’s foreign policy towards Crimea is influenced by its policy towards separatism in Georgia. By applying the concept of political learning, this paper aims to analyse how Russia’s learnings on its policy to militarily support Abkhazian and South Ossetian separatists in the Georgia-Russo War has underpinned its policy to support Crimean separatists more peacefully. Based on library research, this paper explains Russia’s external and internal environment during the Crimean crisis; observation on the Georgia-Russo War; changes in belief supported by critical perception on those two environments; transformed policy and its effectiveness. This paper finds that Russia’s observation on its operational failures in the Georgia-Russo War, and belief change into the importance of more accurate tactics and minimum casualties in order to also adapt towards NATO and European Union enlargement and resurgence of domestic dissidents had influenced the policy to use ambiguous warfare in Crimea. This political learning effectively strengthens Russia’s regional primacy and domestic nationalism.

An Approach to Segment and Track-Based Pedestrian Detection from Four-Layer Laser Scanner Data.

Pedestrian detection is a critical perception task for autonomous driving and intelligent vehicle, and it is challenging due to the potential variation of appearance and pose of human beings as well as the partial occlusion. In this paper, we present a novel pedestrian detection method via four-layer laser scanner. The proposed approach deals with the occlusion problem by fusing the segment classification results with past knowledge integration from tracking process. First, raw point cloud is segmented into the clusters of independent objects. Then, three types of features are proposed to capture the comprehensive cues, and 18 effective features are extracted with the combination of the univariate feature selection algorithm and feature correlation analysis process. Next, based on the segment classification at individual frame, the track classification is conducted further for consecutive frames using particle filter and probability data association filter. Experimental results demonstrate that both back-propagation neural network and Adaboost classifiers based on 18 selected features have their own advantages at the segment classification stage in terms of pedestrian detection performance and computation time, and the track classification procedure can improve the detection performance particularly for partially occluded pedestrians in comparison with the single segment classification procedure.

ЛИНГВОАРГУМЕНТАТИВНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ КРИТИКИ В НАУЧНОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ТЕКСТОВ РЕЦЕНЗИЙ НА ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ РАБОТЫ)

The article is devoted to analysing criticism in reviews of research papers on linguistics. The study aims to identify models and samples of scientific criticism presentation by means of linguistic-argumentative analysis. A review structure is analysed using the model of critical discussion within the framework of the pragma-dialectical method. All the examples are classified using the model of critical perception focused on rebuttal. The proposed classification allows the authors to identify the most frequent points of criticism in the scientific review format.

RETHINKING THE NOTION «INFORMATIONAL CULTURE OF STUDENTS` YOUTH» IN THE CONDITIONS OF HYBRID WAR

The authors of the article make an attempt to define the specifics of the information-hybrid war and to rethink the concept “informational culture of student youth” in the context of the information-hybrid war. The interpretation of the notion “informational culture” as a set of elements of informational culture, which contains the mechanisms of information perception by students and the means of processing of the received information for its transforming into a qualitative product, which contributes to the creation of qualitative new information improving and realizing the potential of the society in defence the students from aggression in the conditions of information-hybrid war is proposed. It is proved that the specific character of the information-hybrid war implies the creation of the information-psychological influence, which is directed both at individual and social consciousness via information-psychological means and which results in changes of the views, thoughts, attitudes, values, personal motives, stereotypes in order to influence the individual’s activities (or inactivity) as well as the behaviour of the population. It was pointed out that the development of information culture of student youth in Ukraine in the period of information-hybrid war involves the formation among the students of intellectual and ideological willingness to uphold the national values and to protect the Ukrainian national idea.The formation of national consciousness and sustainable national values among the student youth in educational process during providing the information and psychological security is a strategic task of the higher education system in Ukraine. Personal critical perception of reality is considered to be an essential factor. The mentioned perception comprises its own algorithms of influence: 1) the logic of persuasion should be understandable to the object of influence; 2) the beliefs should be based on the familiar facts; 3) the persuasive information should contain generalizations; 4) a belief should consist of logically consistent theses; 5) the facts reported should be emotionally coloured. The opposite is aimed at subjects who are not critical in regarding the information. Its main features are: purposefulness and planned application; the specificity of defining the object of suggestion (selective influence on certain groups of the population, taking into account the main socio-psychological, national and other characteristics of such groups); uncritical perception of the information by the object of the suggestion (a suggestion is based on the effect of the transmitted information perception as instructions for action without its logical analysis); certainty, specificity of the behaviour that is initiated. It was proved that the development of the information culture of student youth in Ukraine in the period of information-hybrid war involves the formation of intellectual and ideological willingness to uphold national values, to protect the Ukrainian national idea among the students.

Comparing observer performance in vegetation records by efficiency graphs derived from rarefaction curves

Abstract Species richness is a key variable in measuring diversity of ecological communities. It is crucial to get reliable estimates for the number of plant species in space (mapping) and – even more important in the context of monitoring – over time. Therefore, knowledge on error rates related to recordings of species numbers should be considered in such inventories. The performance of observers in four field tests to capture species numbers carried out in forest ecosystems in central and southern Europe were compared. Observer-related species accumulation (rarefaction) curves and derived efficiency curves were analysed, resulting in mean error rates of 29.7% and 39.4% over series of plots sized 4 m2 and 100 m2 respectively. As a new approach individual rarefaction and efficiency curves reveal site-specific and spatially differentiated capabilities of observers to register plant species. Since expertise and individual searching strategies are difficult to parametrise, reasons for variation in error rates remain largely unknown. However, statistical modelling with site- and scale-specific mean error rates gave an overview on important influential factors like location, scale, spatial integration, and their interactions. Our results underline the importance to incorporate specific training and inter-comparison measures in monitoring programs and critical perception of results on temporal changes of species richness.

The effect of psychosocial support on caregivers\u2019 perceived criticism and emotional over-involvement of persons with dementia: an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial

BackgroundMany relatives of close family members suffering from dementia have taken on the caregiver role. While intervention studies have revealed promising results on caregiver burden, distress, and depression, there is a lack of knowledge about how caregivers’ perceived relationship with their ill family member influences the burden of care.This study examined whether a psychosocial intervention influenced this perceived relationship from the caregivers’ perspective. We also explored whether the caregivers’ perception of the care receiver’s attitude and behavior changed over time, and whether caregiver stress and mood differed following the intervention.MethodsThe participating caregivers and care receivers were randomly assigned to a psychosocial intervention comprising education about dementia, counselling and group sessions, or to treatment as usual. The study investigated caregivers’ experience of expressed emotion using the Felt Expressed Emotion Rating Scale (FEERS), a self-report questionnaire that captures caregivers’ perception of criticism (CC) and emotional over-involvement (EOI) exhibited by the family members with dementia.ResultsA total of 208 dyads were enrolled in the study. There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in the studied variables. Caregivers’ perception of CC and EOI was low but fluctuated somewhat, whereas their mood and stress level were stable during the follow-up period.ConclusionsAccording to the FEERS, the intervention did not influence caregivers’ perception of CC and EOI, and there was no difference between the intervention and control groups regarding caregivers’ perceived relationship. Despite the increased symptoms of dementia, caregivers’ level of distress and mood remained stable, and they seemed to maintain a positive perception of the quality of their relationship with the care receiver.Trial registrationClinical.Trials.gov Sept. 2009, NCT 01287767.

Prospective Teachers’ Perceptions of Barriers to Technology Integration in Education

This study examined the thoughts of preservice teachers about technology integration and collected their ideas about possible barriers to technology integration in education. With this aim, the participants were asked two key questions which are (1) “What does ‘Technology Integration in Education’ mean to you?” and (2) “What might be the possible barriers to technology integration in education?”. A total of 76 preservice teachers, who took the course “Integrating Technology in Education” during their Elementary Teacher Education program took part in the study. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis method in this qualitative study. As a result of the study, it was revealed that preservice teachers have critical perceptions related to technology integration, such as effective use of technology, inclusion of technology in the course curriculum, increasing engagement, visualizing the course content, working with administrators to integrate technology, and being able to teach with technology that cannot be taught beforehand. As for the external and internal barriers, the participants commented that lack of funding/budget, lack of equipment, lack of ability, and time are major barriers to technology integration in education. Unlike the other studies in the relevant literature, preservice teachers stated parents and security as barriers to integrating technology in education.

Réflexion sur la condition féminine dans Presqu’une vie de Carmen Toudonou et Mutilée de Khady Kiota

The condition of African women in contemporary society has become a topical issue in the field of francophone African literature. Works of some African women writers such as Carmen Toudonou and Khady Kiota among others, have demonstrated critical perception on issues concerning the lives and conditions of women in the society. The aim of this study is therefore, to analyse the conditions of African women in Presqu’une vie by Carmen Toudonou and Mutilée by Khady Kiota respectively. Specifically, these authors focus on enlightenment campaign and criticism of condition and lives of African women who are threatened by some social vices such as force marriage and domestic violence. In view of the above, this study tends to answer these questions: in spite of excellent contributions and suggestions made in recent studies in the area, why is the condition of African women continually threatened and what are prospective solutions to remedy the situation? To effectively carry out this study, the researchers adopt African womanism theory that was proposed by Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi. Having observed that sensitization of women is pertinent; this study therefore, recommends that education of African women should be a priority because it is evident that the emancipation of women is possible through formal education.

Premiss of Viktor Petrov’s Concept of Groundlessness

Literature can interact with reality in many possible ways, and one of them is ‘derealization of reality’. The term was introduced by Viktor Petrov (V. Domontovych) at the end of the 1940s; yet the first reflections on this phenomenon in the discourse of the Ukrainian literature appeared in 1913 within Mykola Yevshan’s articles on the specificity of Lesia Ukrainka’s creative work. Real Ukrainian life of that time did not provide a proper material for the philosophical perspectives of her poetry; it didn’t allow implementing the modernist aesthetics which were gradually developing in Europe and timidly penetrating into Ukrainian culture. To a certain extent Lesia Ukrainka’s situation may be compared to indispensability of the choice facing Gogol, who was compelled to write in Russian. This was, first of all, the consequence of the low status of the Ukrainian language in Russian Empire. In the study “Apotheosis of Groundlessness” (1905) Lev Shestov announced a new phase of philosophical understanding of reality. He related a process of cognition with a subject of cognition, i. e. with entire destiny of a human being. In his concepts of ‘derealization of reality’ and ‘groundlessness’ Viktor Petrov came close to Shestov’s existentialist ideas applied to the negativity and skepticism as the life strategies. Petrov, in a similar way to that of Hryhorii Skovoroda, insisted on the absolute autonomy of a person; he asserted one’s right to the critical perception of the world and even skeptical attitude towards it.The polysemy of the term ‘groundlessness’ allows using it in diverse contexts: from philosophical (Skovoroda, Swedenborg, Shestov) and mystical (Gogol, Balzac) to analytical and prognostic (V. Domontovych’s novel “Without Ground”), let alone the primitive meaning this term acquired in the literature of socialist realism.

Críticas construtivas de formandos em Odontologia para o repensar do estágio supervisionado no SUS

O estudo visa obter percepções críticas de formandos em Odontologia sobre o estágio curricular no SUS. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e qualitativa junto à população de acadêmicos concluintes do curso de Odontologia de uma universidade pública do sul do Brasil (n= 52) (ano base: 2016), considerando-se para fins de análise somente os acadêmicos que julgaram que o estágio no SUS não foi produtivo para a sua formação acadêmica (n=11). A apreensão das informações se deu por meio de questão norteadora única e os resultados foram tratados de acordo com a técnica de análise do discurso do sujeito coletivo. Das informações obtidas foram extraídos dois temas ‘Organização’ e ‘Estrutura’ do estágio, e sete ideias centrais, as quais deram origem aos discursos. Os acadêmicos expõem importância arraigada ao modelo de atuação profissional tecnicista, com baixo interesse no SUS enquanto campo de trabalho.

Management of sanitary and phytosanitary risks in the apple value chain: the Sustain’Apple project

In France, apples are the leading fruit in terms of both consumption and exports. The value chain is under high surveillance from a sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standpoint due to national and European regulations, private residue standards, phytosanitary barriers in certain emerging countries and the sometimes critical perceptions of consumers. The French ANR-funded Sustain’Apple project, the initial findings of which are presented in this paper, aims to shed light on the organizational and institutional solutions that may be implemented at all stages of the national value chains (short and long chains) and at the international level with a focus on certain crucial players (China, Chile, Italy). Priority has been given to improving the sustainability of the organizational and institutional solutions because while they are tightly interlinked with technical solutions, they have yet to receive much attention in the academic and empirical literature. Sustain’Apple also evaluates the impact of certain organizational and institutional solutions on consumer perceptions of the sanitary risk, international trade and environment. The consortium brings together all the capabilities necessary to address these sustainable apple chain issues, with INRA, CIRAD, IRSTEA and Montpellier Supagro involved on the research side examining the following scientific disciplines: organization and institutional economics, international economics, consumer economics, strategic management, international law, agronomy, landscape ecology and life cycle assessments. On the expertise side, the main contributions come from CTIFL on supermarkets, consumers, postharvest technologies and production systems, from GRAB on short organic chains and from ANPP on a detailed and global understanding of the apple production and export industry.

Predictors and moderators of burden of care and emotional distress in first-episode psychosis caregivers: results from the GET UP pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.

First-episode psychosis (FEP) is a major life event and can have an adverse impact on the diagnosed individual and their families. The importance of intervening early and providing optimal treatments is widely acknowledged. In comparison to patient groups, literature is scarce on identifying treatment predictors and moderators of caregiver outcomes. This study aimed to identify pre-treatment characteristics predicting and/or moderating carer outcomes, based on data from a multi-element psychosocial intervention to FEP patients and carers (GET-UP PIANO trial). Carer demography, type of family relationship, patient contact hours, pre-treatment carer burden, patient perceptions of parental caregiving and expressed emotion (EE) were selected, a priori, as potential predictors/moderators of carer burden and emotional distress at 9 months post treatment. Outcomes were analysed separately in mixed-effects random regression models. Analyses were performed on 260 carers. Only patient perceptions of early maternal criticism predicted reports of lower carer burden at follow-up. However, multiple imputation analysis failed to confirm this result. For treatment moderators: higher levels of carer burden at baseline yielded greater reductions in carer emotional distress at follow-up in the experimental group compared with treatment as usual (TAU). Higher levels of perceived EE moderated greater reductions in carer reports of tension in experimental group, compared with TAU, at follow-up. In younger caregivers (<51 years old), there were greater reductions in levels of worry during the baseline to follow-up period, within the experimental group compared with TAU. The study failed to identify significant treatment predictors of FEP carer outcomes. However, our preliminary findings suggest that optimal treatment outcomes for carers at first episode might be moderated by younger carer age, and carers reporting higher baseline levels of burden, and where patients perceive higher levels of negative effect from caregivers.

‘Think of the Children!’ Desire and Innocence in British Queer Fiction of the Early Twentieth Century

Nearly all relationships have power imbalances, none more so than age-dissimilar ones. Women writers of the early twentieth century addressed the issues of sexual innocence and ignorance in literary same-sex relationships with differing levels of perception and tangents of criticism. This article examines how innocence is portrayed, deployed and perceived in Clemence Dane’s Regiment of Women (1917), Rosamond Lehmann’s Dusty Answer (1927), Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness (1928) and Mary Renault’s The Charioteer (1953) and how the idea of queerness complicates the issue of childhood innocence. It explores to what extent characters cast as innocent become vehicles for their female authors to express sexually and socially transgressive desires at a time when feminism was publicly and scientifically linked to lesbianism.

Is perceived criticism an independent construct? Evidence for divergent validity across two samples.

Perceived criticism (PC) is a predictor of poor outcomes across a range of psychological disorders. Yet what is being measured when people are asked to report on how critical a key individual is of them is far from clear. In two community-based studies, we examined the divergent validity of PC in relation to measures of personality, psychopathology, early experiences with parents, and other cognitive and affective variables. In Study 1, an unselected sample of participants completed measures in the laboratory. In Study 2, participants were required to be married or partnered, and measures were completed online. Across both studies, PC was not consistently or reliably related to any measure. This suggests that PC may not simply be a proxy for another variable. Rather, our findings suggest that PC may be an independent construct worthy of research and clinical attention in its own right. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Attachment Security and Perceived Expressed Emotion in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa.

The aim of this study was to compare the attachment security and perceived expressed emotion of female adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and those without any psychiatric disorder and to compare the expressed emotion of their parents. We also aimed to investigate the relationships between these variables and the effects of depression and anxiety symptoms of the adolescents on attachment security, perceived expressed emotion and expressed emotion of the parents. The study enrolled 43 female adolescents aged 12-18 years diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and an age and economic statusmatched control group of 37 healthy female adolescents. Both groups completed the Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40), the Perceived Expressed Emotion Scale (PEES), the Short Form of Inventory of Parentand Peer Attachment (IPPA), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Screenfor Child Anxietyand Related Disorders (SCARED). Parents were assessed with the Expressed Emotion Scale (EES). As compared to the control group, the female adolescents with anorexia nervosa had lower attachment security and higher perception of parental expression of criticism and hostility. Presence of depression and anxiety symptoms did not affect these results. The security of maternal attachment in the adolescents with anorexia nervosa predicted their perception of criticism and hostility in their mothers. The results of this study indicate the importance of assessing attachment security and perceived expressed emotion in adolescents with anorexia nervosa and the requirement of parental inclusion in the therapeutic process during follow up for implementation of appropriate interventions.

Beyond Verismo: Massenet's La Navarraise and ‘Realism’ in Fin-de-siècle Paris

AbstractThe ‘réalisme’ of Massenet's La Navarraise divided critics at its belated Parisian première on 3 October 1895. While the opera has typically been read as a straightforward attempt at French verismo, this article suggests a more complex set of ways in which modernity and the modern world shaped critical perceptions of and responses to realism. Placing La Navarraise within its wider cultural and technological contexts, I argue that the critics’ ambivalence to its realism provides insight into the changing and contested nature of critical perception and subjectivity in Paris in the final years of the nineteenth century.

The Impact of Communication Strategy in the Achievement of Students in the Fourth Grade Faculty of Education in the Measurement and Evaluation

In order to achieve this, the researcher used experimental design with partial control, which consists of two groups, one experimental and the other control. The random researcher chose the University of Qadisiya, Faculty of Education, Department of History, as a place to conduct the experiment. The sample (experimental and control) was 84 students, 41 students And the officer (43) students. In a random way, group B was chosen for a pilot group to study the communication strategy, and the control group was taught in the usual way. In addition to the objective of the research, the researcher prepared a multivariate selection test. The validity of the test and its stability, as well as the statistical analysis of its vertebrates, were verified. The results showed that the t-test was superior to the experimental group studied according to the communication strategy on the control group, which was studied in the normal manner. In light of the research results, the researcher recommended using the communication strategy. The researcher also presented a set of recommendations and suggestions. The use of communication strategy in other variables, such as critical thinking, creative thinking, visual thinking and visual perception.

Modeling American Graduate Students’ Perceptions Predicting Dropout Intentions

Aim/Purpose: Dropout is a critical problem in graduate college programs across disciplines and institutions. Yet relatively little research has assessed graduate students’ motivations for dropping out across disciplines, or systematically modeled perceptions that contribute to dropout intentions. Background: Perceptions drive critical decisions that people make about their lives, and a core set of these perceptions consistently predict adults’ educational intentions and choices. This study investigates how a set of critical perceptions predict the strength of graduate students’ dropout intentions. Methodology: This study models their differential contributions using structural equation modeling, in AMOS®. Participants were 886 masters and doctoral students across programs and colleges in a Southwestern university in the United States. Findings: The best-fitting model demonstrated most significant influences on graduate students’ dropout intentions were predicted by: satisfaction with the overall graduate experience (not just program-of-study), self-efficacy for professional success (not just coursework), and the Perceived Graduate Experience Gap (expectations vs. experience in graduate school). Model fit was excellent for the whole group, and demonstrated some nuanced differences for subgroups, notably by degree type and point-in-program. Recommendations for Practitioners: These findings illuminate considerations useful to graduate faculty and program administrators concerned about improving retention and completion. They can inform policies and practice for preventing and reducing graduate student dropout.