Peracetic Acid Research Articles

Evaluation of Peracetic Acid Treatment on Beef Trimmings and Subprimals Against Salmonella and E. Coli O157:H7 Within Regulatory Retained Water Limitations

The application of antimicrobial treatments to beef trimmings prior to grinding for the reduction of microbial contamination in ground beef has increased recently. However, raw single-ingredient meat products are not permitted by Food Safety and Inspection Services (FSIS) to retain more than 0.49% water resulting from postevisceration processing. The effectiveness of antimicrobials with the limited water retention is not well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of peracetic acid at varied concentrations against E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on the surface of beef trimmings and beef subprimals that was applied at industry operating parameters within the retained water requirement. One hundred and forty-four each of beef trimmings and subprimals were used to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of peracetic acid solution on reducing E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on surfaces of fresh beef within the FSIS requirement of ≤0.49% retained water from antimicrobial spray treatments using a conveyor system. A ten-strain cocktail mixture was inoculated on surfaces of fresh beef and subjected to water or four different concentrations of peracetic acid (130, 150, 200, and 400 ppm). Spray treatments with 130, 150, and 200 ppm peracetic acid reduced (P ≤ 0.05) E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella at least 0.2 log on surfaces of beef trimmings and subprimals. Spray treatment with 400 ppm peracetic acid resulted in approximately 0.5 and 0.3 log reduction of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, respectively. Results indicate that all concentrations (130–400 ppm) of peracetic acid significantly reduced E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella on beef trimmings and subprimals compared to untreated controls. Thus, a range from 130 to 400 ppm of peracetic acid can be used during beef processing to improve the safety of beef trimmings and subprimals when weight gain is limited to ≤0.49% to meet regulatory requirements.

Quantification of peracetic acid (PAA) in the H2O2 + acetic acid reaction by the wavelength shift analysis in near-UV/visible absorption region.

In our study, we present an innovative method for the analysis and real-time monitoring of peracetic acid (PAA) formation within the near-UV/Vis (visible) wavelength region. PAA's absorption spectrum, influenced by its presence in a complex quaternary equilibrium mixture with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), acetic acid, and water, lacks discernible peaks. This inherent complexity challenges conventional analytical techniques like Beer's law, which rely on absorption intensity as a foundation. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel approach that centers on the analysis of blue shifts in absorption wavelengths, particularly at an absorbance of 0.8 a.u. This method significantly enhances the precision of calibration curves for both diluted PAA and H2O2, unveiling an exponential correlation between wavelength and the logarithm of concentration for both components. Significantly, our approach allows for real-time and accurate measurements, especially during the dynamic PAA formation reaction. Our results exhibit excellent agreement with data obtained from Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, validating the reliability of our method. It's noteworthy that under stable PAA concentration conditions (after 12h of solution interaction), both traditional absorption method and our approach closely align with the FT-IR method. However, in dynamic scenarios (0-12h), the absorption method exhibits higher error rates compared to our approach. Additionally, the increased concentration of a catalyst, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), significantly reduces the errors in both methods, a finding that warrants further exploration. In summary, our study not only advances our understanding of PAA and its spectral behavior but also introduces innovative and precise methods for determining PAA concentration in complex solutions. These advancements hold the potential to revolutionize the field of chemical analysis and spectroscopy.

Inhibition of phenol entering condensed freshwater by activated peroxides during photothermal distillation desalination process

The formation of “high-temperature, high-salt and intense-light” environment during the new process of photothermal distillation desalination causes volatile pollutants such as phenol in seawater to volatilize into condensed freshwater, resulting the quality safety risk of the freshwater. In this work, activated peroxides processes including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxyacetic acid (PAA), peroxodisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were applied for the inhibition of phenol entering condensed freshwater by making full use of the “high-temperature, high-salt, intense-light” media. Under the same conditions, the phenol removal efficiency by the activated peroxides were in the order of H2O2 < PDS < PAA < PMS. The effects of the salinity, peroxide dosage, initial phenol concentration, humic acid and sunlight intensity on the distillation rates (RD) of phenol were investigated. It was revealed that the main factor for activation of H2O2, PAA, PDS and PMS were heat, Cl−/heat, heat/light and Cl−, respectively. Though both PMS and PAA could completely degrade phenol and reduced its entry into condensed freshwater, PMS formed fewer halogenated distillation by-products and was more promising for future applications.

Unlocking the Hidden Threat: Impacts of Surface Defects on the Efficacy of Sanitizers Against Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms on Food-contact Surfaces in Tree Fruit Packing Facilities

Food-contact surfaces showing signs of wear pose a substantial risk of Listeria monocytogenes contamination and may serve as persistent sources of cross-contamination in fresh produce packinghouses. This study offers a comprehensive exploration into the influence of surface defects on the efficacies of commonly used sanitizers against L. monocytogenes biofilms on major food-contact surfaces. The 7-day-old L. monocytogenes biofilms were cultivated on food-contact surfaces, including stainless steel, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, low-density polyethylene, and rubber, with and without defects and organic matter. Biofilms on those surfaces were subjected to treatments of 200 ppm chlorine, 400 ppm quaternary ammonium compound (QAC), or 160 ppm peroxyacetic acid (PAA). Results showed that surface defects significantly (P < 0.05) increased the population of L. monocytogenes in biofilms on non-stainless steel surfaces and compromised the efficacies of sanitizers against L. monocytogenes biofilms across various surface types. A 5-min treatment of 200 ppm chlorine caused 1.84–3.39 log10 CFU/coupon reductions of L. monocytogenes on worn surfaces, compared to 2.79–3.93 log10 CFU/coupon reduction observed on new surfaces. Similarly, a 5-min treatment with 400 ppm QAC caused 2.05–2.88 log10 CFU/coupon reductions on worn surfaces, compared to 2.51–3.66 log10 CFU/coupon reductions on new surfaces. Interestingly, PAA sanitization (160 ppm, 1 min) exhibited less susceptibility to surface defects, leading to 3.41–4.35 log10 CFU/coupon reductions on worn surfaces, in contrast to 3.68–4.64 log10 CFU/coupon reductions on new surfaces. Furthermore, apple juice soiling diminished the efficacy of sanitizers against L. monocytogenes biofilms on worn surfaces (P < 0.05). These findings underscore the critical importance of diligent equipment maintenance and thorough cleaning processes to effectively eliminate L. monocytogenes contamination on food-contact surfaces.

REGENERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON AFTER ADSORPTION OF DYE USING PERACETIC ACID. PART 2: ROLE OF PERACETIC ACID IN THE OXIDATION STEP

This study focuses on investigating how peracetic acids can be used to regenerate activated carbon and remove methylene blue. The research provides valuable insights into the process of regeneration and the effectiveness of peracetic acids in revitalizing the activated carbon surface. By conducting desorption experiments, we observed that approximately 4.5% of the initially adsorbed methylene blue was released into the washing solution, while the majority (95.5%) remained strongly attached to the activated carbon. Through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, it was determined that after undergoing oxidation by peracetic acids, the regenerated carbon surface exhibited the emergence of additional functional groups, such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Liquid phase chromatography analysis confirmed the successful removal of methylene blue from the liquid phase, indicating the high selectivity of the peracetic acids/Co2+ system in treating the adsorbed methylene blue molecules. Furthermore, Brunauer - Emmett-Teller analysis demonstrated that the regenerated carbon retained its surface characteristics and porous structure, with only slight reductions in specific surface area and total pore volume. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of peracetic acids in the regeneration process and its potential to improve the reusability of activated carbon in industrial applications. The study provides valuable insights for further research on the regeneration mechanism and the optimization of regeneration conditions utilizing peracetic acids.

МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА ДЕЗИНФЕКТАНТОВ НА ОСНОВЕ НУК

The article presents the history of discoveries of peroxide compounds. A brief description of peracetic acid is given. Regulatory documents governing methods for determining the active substance in disinfectants based on peracetic acid are presented. An analytical analysis of these methods for assessing the quality of disinfectants based on peracetic acid is conducted.

Theoretical structural and spectroscopic characterization of peroxyacetic acid (CH3-CO-OOH): study of the far infrared region.

Peroxyacetic acid, a non-rigid oxygenated organic molecule which acts in the atmosphere as a reservoir of HOX and ROX radicals, is studied using highly correlated ab initio methods with the aim of its spectroscopic characterization in the gas phase. The study focuses on the far infrared region providing reliable rovibrational parameters such as energy levels and splittings. The molecule presents three conformers that inter-convert by internal rotation, drawing a potential energy surface of 12 minima. One of them shows prominent stability due to the formation of one weak intramolecular bond between the hydrogen atom of the hydroperoxy group and the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. For the three minimum energy structures, rotational constants and centrifugal distortion constants are provided. It may be expected that the most stable conformer is the only one contributing to the spectral features in further measurements at low temperature. In this structure, the methyl torsional barrier has been found to be very low, V3 = 88.6 cm-1 producing a splitting of 2.262 cm-1 for the ground vibrational state. The study confirms that the ν20 torsional mode interacts strongly with the other two torsional modes ν19 and ν21, but slightly with the remaining vibrations. Then, a variational procedure in three dimensions allows the exploration of the low-frequency modes. The methyl torsional fundamental ν21 was found to be 49.1 cm-1 (Ai) and 33.4 cm-1 (E). The fundamentals of ν20 (C-O bond torsion) and ν19 (OH torsion) have been computed to be 216.7 cm-1 (A2) and 218.5 cm-1 (E) and 393.6 cm-1 (A2) and 394.1 cm-1. Since non-rigidity can have effects on the reactivity due to the conformer interconversion, and transitions involving low-lying levels can be observed with many spectroscopic techniques, this work can help kinetic studies and assignments of further spectroscopic studies needed for the detection in the gas phase of trace molecules.

Comparative Evaluation of Microorganism Disinfection Methods for N95 Respirators

Background: An excessive demand for N95 respirators occurred during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Therefore, health care workers were obligated to reuse N95 respirators, which were intended to be disposable. Aim: The primary objective of this study was to establish a standard procedure for safe disinfection or sterilization that does not affect the performance of an N95 respirator. Methods: As disinfection or sterilization methods, immersion in 70% ethanol, 0.1% hypochlorous acid, 0.3% peracetic acid, 0.2% alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride aqueous solution, hypochlorous acid water, or plant mineral-activated water, autoclaving, pasteurization and hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization were used. After sterilization/disinfection, the filtration capacity of each N95 respirator was examined. Findings: The performance changes in the N95 respirator caused by each sterilization/disinfection method differed for each manufacturer’s product. Seventy percent ethanol, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, 0.3% peracetic acid aqueous solution, autoclaving, hypochlorous acid water, and plant mineral-activated water significantly deteriorated the performance of N95 respirators. Performance degradation (increased permeability) was observed in 0.2% alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride aqueous solution and hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization, and the permeation performance significantly deteriorated by 50–70% in all N95 respirators tested. Only pasteurization resulted in no deterioration in performance, even after five repeated sterilizations. Conclusion: Verification of sterilization/disinfection methods for the reuse of N95 respirators has shown that the currently recommended hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization is inadequate as it increases permeability by more than 50% with a single treatment. In this study, pasteurization was found to be the optimal sterilization method.

Влияние препаратов на основе надуксусной кислоты на микробиологические показатели пищевой продукции

The article presents the results of studying the effect of disinfectants based on peracetic acid on the microbiological parameters of poultry products. It was found that the revealed properties of the Creodez NUK-15 solution indicate its high efficiency at low concentrations and open up opportunities for wide application at poultry processing enterprises throughout the Customs Union. Moreover, the drug complies with the environmental characteristics of NTD, does not accumulate in the tissues of carcasses and decomposes in a short time without damaging the external environment.

IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL STAGES IN BEEKEEPING WITH DISINFECTION MEASURES

Disinfection is a very important technological measure, which is carried out to combat infectious diseases of bees and prevent contamination of beekeeping products with harmful microorganisms. The disinfection procedure is very complex, and its effectiveness depends on a large number of factors: the spectrum of the disinfectant, the method of application, the concentration of the disinfectant, the exposure time, and the properties of the environment to be disinfected. Active components of disinfectants usually affect the metabolism of microorganisms. For disinfection in beekeeping, we can use iodine preparations, bases, acids, quaternary ammonium compounds, oxidizers (hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid). Effective chemical disinfectants are a warm solution of sodium hydroxide, oxidizers, so these disinfectants are most often used in beekeeping. However, the negative properties of these disinfectants should also be considered. There is no perfect disinfectant. Because of the toxicity and other harmful effects of disinfectants, and often their ineffectiveness, physical methods of disinfection should be implemented whenever possible. The article presents the results of studies of such disinfectants as Septox, PHMG – HC and Crystal-700 in concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.5%, as well as a comparative description of their effectiveness during “in vitro” disinfection on test objects (glass, veneer, wax) contaminated with spores of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae and Ascosphaera apis. Test controls were: No. 1 – sterile physiological solution; No. 2 – Desvax (4% formaldehyde solution with 0.05% DMSO), a drug approved for disinfection of bee inventory in Ukraine (Deklaratsiinyi patent 61387A, 2003, Rudenko, 2012). The test objects were immersed in the test solutions and kept for 3, 9, 18 hours. To determine the intestinal toxicity, the test substances were fed to bees and the time and number of dead individuals were monitored. According to the results of the sanitary and hygienic assessment of individual indicators of chemical disinfectants, the best disinfecting properties were demonstrated by 1.5% solutions of polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride, sodium hypochlorite and Crystal-700, which are environmentally safe, non-toxic, non-volatile, non-aggressive towards metals, plastics, wood, convenient to use. They can be recommended for long-term antiseptic protection, preventive, forced, current and final disinfection for bacterial, fungal and viral infections.

Update on chelating agents in endodontic treatment: A systematic review.

The aim of this review was to assess the evidence regarding the most commonly used chelating agents in terms of efficacy, erosive potential, cytotoxicity, interaction, antimicrobial effect, impact on sealers adhesion, and release of growth factors. MEDLINE (PubMed) database, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched up to January 14, 2023, including studies with one or more of the following chelating agents: 17% EDTA, 9% and 18% HEDP, 10% and 20% citric acid, 2%-2.25% peracetic acid and 7% maleic acid. In addition, the reference lists of all selected articles were also checked to identify additional relevant studies. Articles published in English and available in full-text were selected. The quality of studies was assessed using the modified CONSORT checklist guide and the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The electronic search yielded 538 citations, 56 of which were included. The articles included had moderate and low evidence values. Among 56 articles included, 55 were in vitro studies and one was a randomized clinical trial. Among the in vitro studies, 15 evaluated efficacy and dentin erosion, 12 evaluated interaction with other endodontic irrigants, 9 tested antimicrobial effect, 4 evaluated cytotoxicity in hamster and rat lung cells, 9 evaluated intervention in adhesion of filling materials and 8 focused on release of growth factors and on behavior of stem cells in regenerative endodontic. The RCT tested antimicrobial effect. 17% EDTA is the most effective in smear layer removal and in releasing growth factors on regenerative endodontics. However, the current incorporation of 9% and 18% etidronic acid has shown optimal results due to its compatibility with sodium hypochlorite and its capability on avoiding smear layer formation through a continuous chelation action. Despite these preliminary findings, methodological standardization between studies is required and in vivo studies are necessary to confirm in vitro studies. Key words:Chelating Agents, Smear Layer, Systematic Review, Endodontics, Root Canal Irrigants.

The development of an analytical procedure for the determination of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems.

Microplastics raise growing concerns regarding their ubiquity and possible negative impact on human health; therefore, the need for comparable, standardized methods is urgent. Modern instrumental analytical techniques, such as IR and Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electron microscopy, are fundamental for the analysis of microplastics in environmental and biological objects. The quality of the samples prepared is a determining factor in the validity of the results obtained. Based on our research, currently approaches to preparing environmental samples are time-consuming and need some improvements. To overcome this problem, a new method for the preparation of freshwater samples was developed. In our research, peracetic acid and its combination with Fenton's reagent were employed for the first time to prepare natural water samples. Furthermore, we proposed the use of a heavy liquid based on sodium heteropolyoxotungstate with a density of 1.70 g cm-3, which allows the extraction of polymers with high density and is non-toxic. The new approach was compared with the most commonly used sample preparation method (peroxide oxidation (30% H2O2 + 0.05 M Fe(II) solution)) and showed higher recovery efficiency for microplastic particles in both test and freshwater samples collected from the rivers Ob (Novosibirsk, Russia) and Berd (Berdsk, Russia). The obtained results are promising; the time spent on this procedure is no more than 3 hours, which is 6 to 12 times faster than the most widely used methods. In addition, this approach makes it possible to obtain samples suitable for subsequent analysis by any analytical instrumental method.

The Effect of Hatching Eggs Sanitization and Flock Age on Microbial Load and Hatchability Parameters

Chick performance and hatchability are adversely affected by microbial contamination of hatching eggs. Egg disinfection is therefore crucial to limiting bacterial numbers and optimizing production. The present study was applied to detect the effect of hatching eggs spraying (nest and floor) with two commercial disinfectants: A (H2O2, peracetic and acetic acid) and B (glutraldehyde and Benzalkonium chloride) on hatching parameters and eggshell microbial counts. Hatching eggs were collected from broiler breeder flocks at different ages (37, 47 and 57 weeks). The obtained results indicated that both disinfectants reduced the levels of bacteria in similar ways, but there were no significant differences between them. Concerning the hatching parameters; hatchability percentages (total and true) were lower than standard in both nest and floor eggs, and higher hatchability percentages were found in eggs sanitized with disinfectant A. However, the lowest values were reported in eggs of 57 weeks old breeders with both disinfectants. Conclusively, disinfectants A and B reduced the microbial load of hatching eggs of different ages, and some hatchability parameters were affected with flock age and the used disinfectants.

Anti-Dihydroxylation of olefins enabled by in situ generated peroxyacetic acid

Herein, we report a general and green protocol for the anti-dihydroxylation of unactivated alkenes.

Exploring the Potential of Peracetic Acid for Wastewater Disinfection: Insights from a Pilot-Scale Study

Exploring the Potential of Peracetic Acid for Wastewater Disinfection: Insights from a Pilot-Scale Study

Quality of Formosa Papaya: Effect of Peracetic Acid and Modified Atmosphere

Quality of Formosa Papaya: Effect of Peracetic Acid and Modified Atmosphere

Peracetic acid to reduce disinfection by-product formation in drinking water

A 5 mg L−1 PAA/H2O2 (mixture) pre-oxidation decreased the DBP formation potential by up to 40%.

Reduction and regrowth of total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, and E. coli after chlorine and peracetic acid disinfection in the hospital effluent

Reduction and regrowth of total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, and E. coli after chlorine and peracetic acid disinfection in the hospital effluent

Degradation of benzotriazole and benzothiazole with the UV-activated peracetic acid process: performance, mechanism and transformation pathway

The UV-activated peracetic acid process (UV/PAA) exhibited efficient degradation and detoxification of benzotriazole (BT) and benzothiazole (BTH). Detailed mechanistic insights into the UV/PAA degradation of BT and BTH have been thoroughly explored.

Systematic investigation of peracetic acid activation by UV/ferric(III) hydrate oxide for efficient degradation of norfloxacin: Mechanisms and applications

Peracetic acid (PAA) based advanced oxidation process (AOP) has garnered significant interest in degrading fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs), but most studies ignored the secondary contamination caused by the released F−. In this study, ultraviolet (UV) coupled with hydrated Fe(III) oxide (HFO) was employed to enhance PAA activation for advanced removal of norfloxacin (NX). The UV/HFO/PAA system employing reactive oxygen species (ROS) dramatically improved the NX removal efficiency, achieving complete removal within 30 min at neutral pH. The UV/HFO/PAA system suffered slight interference from existing substrates but was hampered by carbonates and humic acid (HA). NX removal efficiency still retained at 96.7 % after five cycles of HFO adsorption-desorption. PAA was the main source of ROS in the UV/HFO/PAA process rather than H2O2. ROS mainly destroyed NX to form F− and other intermediates, and then F− was in situ locked by HFO adsorption. This study will facilitate further research of the UV/HFO/PAA system as a potential strategy for degrading FQs.