Abstract
Peracetic acid (PAA) based advanced oxidation process (AOP) has garnered significant interest in degrading fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs), but most studies ignored the secondary contamination caused by the released F−. In this study, ultraviolet (UV) coupled with hydrated Fe(III) oxide (HFO) was employed to enhance PAA activation for advanced removal of norfloxacin (NX). The UV/HFO/PAA system employing reactive oxygen species (ROS) dramatically improved the NX removal efficiency, achieving complete removal within 30 min at neutral pH. The UV/HFO/PAA system suffered slight interference from existing substrates but was hampered by carbonates and humic acid (HA). NX removal efficiency still retained at 96.7 % after five cycles of HFO adsorption-desorption. PAA was the main source of ROS in the UV/HFO/PAA process rather than H2O2. ROS mainly destroyed NX to form F− and other intermediates, and then F− was in situ locked by HFO adsorption. This study will facilitate further research of the UV/HFO/PAA system as a potential strategy for degrading FQs.
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