Peppermint Essential Oil Research Articles

Anti-Bacterial Activity of Chitosan-Alginate-Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel Containing Entrapped Peppermint Essential Oil

Polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) of chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA) containing various contents of peppermint essential oil (PEO), as a volatile bioactive agent, were prepared in order to investigate the effect of the oil on the anti-bacterial activity of the CS-SA hydrogels. The gelation of the PEC was performed in the presence of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Optical microscopic images exhibited uniform dispersion and entrapment of the oil within the PEC matrix. In-vitro evaluation tests of the hydrogels demonstrated the anti-bacterial activity of the PEO, revealing its potential for biomedical applications.

Intercropping With Peppermint Increases Ground Dwelling Insect and Pollinator Abundance and Decreases Drosophila suzukii in Fruit

Intercropping can be used to reduce pest insects within agricultural systems, e.g., through deterring pests directly or by increasing habitat for their natural enemies. For example, plant produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can deter or confuse host-finding by insects through olfactory disruption. Drosophila suzukii is an invasive fruit fly of agricultural concern as it can lay its eggs in both ripening and fresh fruits and, uses olfactory cues to identify its wide range of host plants. Peppermint plants (Mentha × piperita) produce high levels of VOCs while growing and may, therefore, be suitable as an intercrop to reduce D. suzukii infestations in the field, as peppermint essential oil VOCs have previously been shown to deter D. suzukii in olfactory trials. We conducted a field intercropping experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of peppermint plants compared to traditional ryegrass/clover mixes in reducing D. suzukii oviposition in the field, and the effect of peppermint intercrops on other invertebrates. In the field, we monitored sentinel fruit baits weekly for D. suzukii infestation. Additionally, we monitored intercropping effects on the invertebrate community through weekly pitfall trap collection and through a pollinator point survey. We monitored for local, farm level presence of D. suzukii through apple cider vinegar traps within crop fields and along hedgerows and found high abundance of D. suzukii (>3,000 individuals trapped). Peppermint intercrops had fewer D. suzukii emerge from fruit baits and supported greater beneficial insect abundance (predators and pollinators) compared to ryegrass/clover. However, levels of D. suzukii were low across both intercrop types. Overall, we found that peppermint intercrops could be a potential aromatic intercrop used to reduce D. suzukii adult emergence from fruit compared to conventional ryegrass/clover mixes, however this trial should be replicated over multiple growing seasons, geographic locations, and host fruits. Furthermore, further study should determine the effects of the intercrop on the focal crop of interest.

Shellac Gum/Carrageenan Alginate-Based Core-Shell Systems Containing Peppermint Essential Oil Formulated by Mixture Design Approach.

Peppermint essential oil is encapsulated by inverse ionotropic gelation in core–shell systems, composed of alginate (ALG) alone or alginate with shellac gum (SHL) and/or carrageenan (CRG). A mixture design approach is used to evaluate the correlation between the formulation composition and some properties of the final products. Immediately after the preparation, capsules appear rounded with a smooth and homogeneous surface, having a similar particle size ranging from 3.8 mm to 4.5 mm. The drying process, carried out at 40 °C in an oven for 3 h, reduces capsules’ diameters by at least 50% and has a negative impact on the shape of the systems because they lose their regular shape and their external membrane partially collapses. The peppermint essential oil content of dried capsules is between 14.84% and 33.75%. The swelling behaviour of the systems is affected by the composition of their outer shell. When the external membrane is composed of alginate and shellac gum, the capsule ability to swell is lower than that of the systems containing alginate alone. The swelling ratio reaches 31% for alginate capsules but does not exceed 21% if shellac is present. Differently, when the second polymer of the shell is carrageenan, the swelling ability increases as a function of polymer concentration and the swelling ratio reaches 360%. In the case of systems whose outer membrane is a polymeric ternary mixture, the swelling capacity increases or decreases according to the concentrations of the individual polymers. The obtained results suggest that carrageenan could be a useful excipient to increase the swelling behaviour of the systems, while shellac gum makes the system shell more hydrophobic. The use of a mixture design (i.e., the use of ternary diagrams and related calculations), in which each single component is chosen to provide specific properties to the final mixture, could be the right approach to develop improved formulations with a tailored essential oil release profile.

PENGARUH AROMATHERAPY TERHADAP MUAL DAN MUNTAH PADA IBU HAMIL (SYSTEMATIC RIVEW)

Pregnancy is natural process from conceotion to the onset of labor. In pregnancy physiological changes occur in the entire organ system, due to hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. 50-90% of pregnant women experience nausea in the first trimester. This study uses a systematic review method with the aim to see the effect of aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting in pregnant women.this systematic review reviews 10 journals published through google scoolar’s website.the results of this journal review found 7 aromatherapy that can reduce nausea and vomiting in pregnant women, namely : aromatherapy ginger , lemon ,orange , lavender, steeping peppermint leaves, essential oils of peppermint and ginger oil.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of commercial essential oils against common chicken pathogenic bacteria and their relationship with antibiotic resistance.

AimsWe investigated the antibacterial effect of seven essential oils (EOs) and one EO‐containing liquid phytogenic solution marketed for poultry and pigs (‘Product A’) on chicken pathogens, as well as the relationship between minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in EOs and antibiotics commonly administered to chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam).Methods and ResultsMicellar extracts from oregano (Origanum vulgare), cajeput (Melaleuca leucadendra), garlic (Allium sativum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) EOs and Product A were investigated for their MIC against Avibacterium endocarditidis (N = 10), Pasteurella multocida (N = 7), Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) (N = 10), Escherichia coli (N = 10) and Gallibacterium anatis (N = 10). Cinnamon EO had the lowest median MIC across strains (median 0.5 mg/ml [IQR, interquartile range 0.3–2.0 mg/ml]), followed by Product A (3.8 mg/ml [1.9–3.8 mg/ml]), oregano EO (30.4 mg/ml [7.6–60.8 mg/ml]) and garlic 63.1 mg/ml [3.9 to >505.0 mg/ml]. Peppermint, tea tree, cajeput and pepper EOs had all MIC ≥219 mg/ml. In addition, we determined the MIC of the 12 most commonly used antibiotics in chicken flocks in the area. After accounting for pathogen species, we found an independent, statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between MIC of 10 of 28 (35.7%) pairs of EOs. For 67/96 (69.8%) combinations of EOs and antibiotics, the MICs were correlated. Of all antibiotics, doxycycline was positively associated with the highest number of EOs (peppermint, tea tree, black pepper and cajeput, all p < 0.05). For cinnamon, the MICs were negatively correlated with the MICs of 11/12 antimicrobial tested (all except colistin).ConclusionsIncreases in MIC of antibiotics generally correlates with increased tolerance to EOs. For cinnamon EO, however, the opposite was observed.Significance and Impact of the StudyOur results suggest increased antibacterial effects of EOs on multi‐drug resistant pathogens; cinnamon EO was particularly effective against bacterial poultry pathogens.

Comparing the Effect of Aromatherapy with Peppermint and Lavender Essential Oils on Fatigue of Cardiac Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Methods This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 105 cardiac patients. They were randomly divided into three groups: peppermint essential oil (n = 35), lavender essential oil (n = 35), and control (n = 35). Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to collect data. The intervention was performed for 7 nights. Before and after the intervention, the questionnaire was completed by all patients. In each intervention group, patients inhaled 3 drops of lavender or peppermint essential oils. In the control group, patients inhaled 3 drops of aromatic placebo. Results The results showed the average fatigue decreased in the study groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of lavender and peppermint in terms of mean fatigue after the intervention. However, there was a statistically significant difference between lavender and control groups (P < 0.001), as well as peppermint and control groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion Aromatherapy with peppermint and lavender essential oils can reduce the fatigue of cardiac patients, so the use of these fragrances is recommended.

Effect of chitosan nanogel and peppermint essential oil (Mentha Piperita) on clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in-vitro

Background: One of the major problems presented to health care systems is the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Today, natural substances, such as essential oils with antimicrobial properties, are increasingly used as an alternative to antibiotics. The present study aimed to assess the effect of chitosan nanogels containing essential oil of peppermint (Mentha Piperita) on clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from selected hospitals in Khorramabad. After preparing nanogels containing peppermint essential oil (Mentha Piperita), the minimum inhibitory concentration of chitosan nanogels on Acinetobacter baumannii isolates was determined by micro broth dilution method in a 96-well plate according to Clinical &amp; Laboratory Standards Institute instructions. Results: The mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of nanoparticles without essential oil of peppermint, containing peppermint, and gentamicin were 47±496, 48±301, and 25±25, respectively. This is indicative of the high sensitivity of the assessed strains to gentamicin, in comparison with the other two groups (P≤0.001) and the more effective performance of Menthapiperita in the inhibition of the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, as compared to nanoparticles without peppermint essential oil (P≤0.001). Conclusion: The obtained results of the present study pointed to the effective ability of chitosan nanogels containing peppermint essential oil to inhibit the growth of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, in comparison with non-essential nanoparticles (Mentha Piperita)

Effects of Mentha Piperita Essential Oil Uptake or Inhalation on Heart Rate Variability and Cardiopulmonary Regulation during Exercise

This study compares the effects of the uptake or inhalation of 50uL Mentha piperita (MP) essential oil for 10 days on heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiopulmonary regulation during various exercise intensities. Forty-eight healthy male subjects were randomly assigned to MP uptake (MPU; n=16), MP inhalation (MPI; n=16), and control group (C; n=16). All participants were measured resting HRV, respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic parameters during aerobic, anaero- bic, and graded exercise tests (GXT) before and after treatment. There were significant increases in the low-frequency area (LFa; 1.8±0.1 vs 2.2±0.2 ms²), the ratio of low frequency to respiration frequency area (LFa/RFa; 0.9±0.1 vs 1.3±0.1) at resting and carbon dioxide production (VCO 2 ; 41.2±4.0 vs 49.2±6.8 mL/min -1 /kg -1 ), ventilation per minute (V E ; 80.2±4.3 vs 97.5±5.5 L/min -1 ), and respiratory rate (RR; 38.2±1.9 to 44.3±2.1 breath/min -1 ) in an anaerobic test following MPU inter- vention. In GXT, maximal carbon dioxide production (VCO 2max; 51.9±3.5 to 59.1±6.4 mL/min -1 /kg -1 ), maximal ventilation per minute (V Emax ; 126.4±6.5 to 138.4±5.4 L/min -1 ) and maximal respiratory rate (RR max ; 52.7±3.6 to 60.1±2.3 breath/min -1 ) significantly increased in MPU. The correlations of ΔLFa with ΔVCO 2max , ΔV Emax , and ΔRR max in the MPU group were signifi- cant. Continuous uptake or inhalation of 50uL MP oil for 10 days does not improve aerobic capacity and maximal exercise performance, but 10 days’ uptake of MP essential oil increased sympathetic activity at rest and may relate to respiratory regulation under high-intensity exercise.

Effects of Essential Oils on in Vitro Growth of Fungi Cladobotryum dendroides and Mycogone perniciosa Infecting Button Mushroom

Abstract The aim of the studies was to investigate the effect of camel grass, lavender, patchouli, peppermint and tea tree essential oils, and their mixtures on the in vitro growth of pathogenic fungi Cladobotryum dendroides and Mycogone perniciosa, occurring in the cultivation of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). The mycelial growth of the tested pathogens was evaluated on PDA medium. Essential oils were added in three doses: 0.25; 0.5 and 1 mg·cm–3 of PDA medium. Camel grass and peppermint essential oils applied at the highest dose inhibited completely the in vitro growth of C. dendroides mycelium. Lavender oil used at the amount of 1 mg·cm–3 reduced the growth of the pathogen by 90 %. In the case of M. perniciosa the complete inhibition of the pathogen’s growth was observed after the addition of camel grass oil to PDA medium, irrespective of a dose, and lavender oil at the doses of 0.5 and 1 mg·cm–3. The efficacy of the tested mixtures against M. perniciosa was high. Generally, all mixtures of essential oils, irrespective of a dose, completely controlled the growth of the pathogen. The complete inhibition of the growth of C. dendroides was observed only on the medium with the addition of the mixture of camel grass and peppermint oils at the highest dose. The conducted research showed that natural essential oils due to their antifungal properties could be useful in the Integrated Disease Management for the protection of button mushroom against diseases. They could be an effective alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.

Peppermint and Myrtle nanoemulsions: Formulation, stability, and antimicrobial activity

Myrtle and Peppermint oil (Myrtus communis and Mentha pulegium) nanoemulsions were formulated using non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 and water through a two-step homogenization process (high-speed homogenizer then high-pressure homogenizer). Physicochemical parameters particularly droplet average diameter, microscopic and macroscopic aspects, pH, viscosity, density, turbidity, refractive index, stability (thermal, physical, and osmotic stability), and antibacterial activity kinetic against E. coli and B. subtilis, have been measured. Obtained results indicate that the formulated nanoemulsions displayed an average droplet diameter inferior to 101 nm and comparable physicochemical characteristics. Considering their stability, Peppermint and Myrtle nanoemulsions exhibited suitable stability under pH, thermal (droplet size comprised between 80 and 1351 nm), and ionic stress as well as after 22 days of storage at 4 °C (average droplet diameter comprised between 90 and 188 nm). Concerning inhibition of bacterial growth, antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis revealed a marked efficacy particularly against E. coli (Peppermint nanoemulsions reached 99% of growth inhibition), and that efficiency was well kept even upon 22 days of storage at 4 °C. These results may establish the promising interest in Myrtle and peppermint essential oils for the food industry using nanoemulsion-based delivery systems.

Antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of Cymbopogon citratus, Mentha longifolia, and Artemisia absinthium essential oils

This study aims to evaluate the benefits of some herbs such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer activities of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), peppermint (Mentha longifolia), and wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) essential oils (EOs). The chemical composition was identified using the GC-MS technique. The total phenolic content and the antioxidant activities were monitored by radical scavenging assay (DPPH). Furthermore, the antibacterial properties were evaluated. The possible anti-cancer activity was determined in vitro against colon (HCT116), breast (MC7) cancer, and normal human lung cell lines. The results showed that the major compounds of lemongrass EO were neral, citral,β-myrcene and camphor, while peppermint were E-Menthone, pulegone, Z-menthone, 1,8 cineole and menthol. Moreover, wormwood EO vital constituents were artemisia ketone, camphor, camphene and α-pinene. Lemongrass and wormwood EOs contain the highest total phenolic content than peppermint. Wormwood EO has the highest antioxidant activity using DPPH (IC50= 0.689%). The inhibitory effect of lemongrass, peppermint, and wormwood EOs was higher against Gram-negative bacteria. Lemongrass and wormwood EOs showed the highest anti-cancer potential against HCT116 (IC50=77.413 and IC50=297.5 µg/ml, respectively). Lemongrass and wormwood EOs effectively inhibited the HCT116 cancer cell line's growth. We recommended using these plants, which act as antioxidants, antibacterial and anti-cancer, in the future.

Combined antibacterial effect of Origanum compactum and Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae) essential oils against ATCC Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Combined antibacterial effect of Origanum compactum and Mentha piperita (Lamiaceae) essential oils against ATCC Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Investigating the effect of peppermint essential oil and malva sylvestris extract as a natural preservatives on the quality and antioxidant properties of mayonnaise sauce

Investigating the effect of peppermint essential oil and malva sylvestris extract as a natural preservatives on the quality and antioxidant properties of mayonnaise sauce

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Properties of Mentha × piperita cv. 'Kristinka' Essential Oil.

Several economically important crops, fruits and vegetables are susceptible to infection by pathogenic fungi and/or bacteria postharvest or in field. Recently, plant essential oils (EOs) extracted from different medicinal and officinal plants have had promising antimicrobial effects against phytopathogens. In the present study, the potential microbicide activity of Mentha × piperita cv. ‘Kristinka’ (peppermint) EO and its main constituents have been evaluated against some common phytopathogens. In addition, the cell membrane permeability of the tested fungi and the minimum fungicidal concentrations were measured. The antifungal activity was tested against the following postharvest fungi: Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola, Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger, whereas antibacterial activity was evaluated against Clavibacter michiganensis, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas savastanoi and P. syringae pv. phaseolicola. The chemical analysis has been carried out using GC-MS and the main components were identified as menthol (70.08%) and menthone (14.49%) followed by limonene (4.32%), menthyl acetate (3.76%) and β-caryophyllene (2.96%). The results show that the tested EO has promising antifungal activity against all tested fungi, whereas they demonstrated only a moderate antibacterial effect against some of the tested bacteria.

Evaluation of the chemical components and some bioactive compounds of the peppermint essential oil (Mentha arvensis L.) cultivated in Vietnam

Vietnam has diverse plant resources and many species are considered to be valuable medicinal sources. Studying, seeking, and evaluating the bioactive compounds from plants is a valuable research endeavor for producing human healthcare products. Peppermint (Mentha arvensisL.) is widely cultivated in Vietnam as a raw material for the production of essential oils serving local needs and exports. This study compared the chemical components and some bioactive compounds in essential oil from Mentha arvensisL. cultivated in Thai Binh, Binh Thuan, and An Giang provinces. The essential oil yields in all samples ranged from 0.69 to 0.84%. Gas chromatography analyses identified 29 substances in total. Menthol and menthone were the two main ingredients in the oils, accounting for 53.62-62.61% and 18.81-21.06%, respectively. Furthermore, all essential oils exhibited free radical scavenging capacity in vitroand antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli. The plants collected in Thai Binh had the highest content of essential oil, menthol, and menthone, as well as the strongest bioactivities.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Peppermint and Spearmint Dry Leaves and Their Allelopathic Effects on Wheat Species

This study was carried out to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of the spearmint and the peppermint dry leaves and their allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of different wheat species. The ratios of essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation were found to be 2.5 % and 2.0 % (w/w), respectively. The GC/MS analysis revealed that the peppermint essential oil contained 20 compounds, while spearmint essential oil incorporated 17 compounds. The main components in the spearmint essential oil were identified to be carvone (62.9 %) and limonene (8.2 %), while those of the peppermint essential oil was to be menthone (34.5 %) and menthol (41.4 %). The seed germination started to be negatively affected by 0.2 μL of essential oil and the negative effect increased in parallel with the increase in essential oil dose. The reducing effect of the mint essential oils on seed germination was the lowest for Triticum spelta and the highest for T. aestivum. In the pot trial, the negative effect began to appear with 0.8 μL of essential oil and increased with the higher doses. The effect of mint essential oils on root lengths and dry weights of single seedlings was the lowest for T. spelta and the highest for T. dicoccum. The estimated field application dose of the peppermint essential oil for the investigated wheat species was determined to be approximately 208 mL da−1.

Actividad inhibitoria del crecimiento de Streptococcus mutans por acción de aceite esencial de la menta

Objetivo: comprobar el efecto inhibitorio del aceite esencial de la menta al 25, 50, 75 y 100 % de concentración a las 24, 48 y 72 horas sobre la cepa de Streptococcus mutans, teniendo en cuenta como control positivo la clorhexidina al 0,12 % y como control negativo, el agua destilada. Metodología: estudio experimental in vitro, descriptivo y longitudinal. Se analizaron 60 discos de papel blanco, divididos en seis grupos de 10 discos cada grupo. Se sumergieron los discos de papel filtro blancos, en cada concentración y se colocaron en las cajas Petri inoculadas con Streptococcus mutans. Mediante la elaboración del aceite esencial por proceso de arrastre de vapor se obtuvo el aceite de la menta, se midió el halo de inhibición para comprobar la eficacia inhibitoria sobre el Streptococcus mutans a las 24, 48 y 72 horas, respectivamente. Estos datos se recolectaron en una matriz de Excel y se exportó al programa SPSS, para los diferentes análisis estadísticos. Resultados: se observó que tanto para la prueba de Kolmogorov con corrección de Lilliefors (n &lt;50) o con la prueba de Shapiro Wilks, los datos referidos al halo de inhibición se ajustaron a la distribución normal (p&lt;0,05) en todos los grupos, incluso en algunos grupos los valores fueron constantes (menta las 4 concentraciones y control tanto negativo como positivo). En las dos pruebas se demostró que se cumple la hipótesis de investigación. Que existe un alto nivel de inhibición del aceite esencial de la menta en las cuatro concentraciones y a los tres tiempos se logra tener un efecto inhibitorio, entre muy sensible y supersensible. Conclusiones: el aceite de la menta es muy efectivo para inhibir al Streptococcus mutans frente a la clorhexidina al 0,12 %. Sin embargo, se debe continuar la investigación, para conocer sobre las características cromatográficas de masas y gases y detallar qué componente es el que inhibe a la bacteria. Además, se plantea investigar a detalle medicamentos alternativos al alcance de la población.

An Investigation Into the Degree of Sinus Mucosal Delivery of Inhaled Black Cumin Volatile and Peppermint Essential Oils.

The aim of this study was to investigate the quantity of volatile components reaching the sinus mucosa (SM) by inhalation, which is responsible for the therapeutic effect, as a first step toward targeted drug design. In this study, 18 Wistar-Albino female rats with an average weight between 200 and 250 g were used. The rats to be used in the study were randomized: Black cumin (BC) essential oil group (group 1) (n = 6), Peppermint essential oil (PEO) group (group 2) (n = 6), and Control (group 3) (n = 6). Volatile oils were inhaled in group 1 and 2; in the control group volatile oils were not inhaled. In all groups, SM was removed and essential volatile oil composition was determined. In group 1, α-pinene was identified as the principal component in the gas phase from five different glass bottles containing SM. The data obtained were evaluated using the single sample T-test and results show that the α-pinene component in the group of inhaled BC essential oil reached significance (P < .001) when compared with the control group. The active component of the BC essential oil could not be identified as thymoquinone. In group 2, eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) was identified as the principal component in the gas phase from five different glass bottles containing SM. The data obtained were evaluated using the single sample T-test and it was found that the eucalyptol component in the group which inhaled PEO reached statistical significance (P < .001) compared with the control group. In group 3, no volatile oil compounds were detected. We have demonstrated that both oils (BC and peppermint) are delivered to the SM. There is a need for the optimum dose to be clarified by different methods of measurement than those used in the spectrometric data we have obtained. We are convinced that our work will lead to pharmacological, toxicological, and subsequent clinical trials in this area.

Design and Fabrication of Two-Filter Nano SL Mask to Deal with Covid-19

OBJECTIVE: These days, due to the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and influenza, as well as the increase in air pollutants, the use of a face mask has become a necessity. METHODOLOGY: The technical field of invention is in the field of medical-health engineering. The present mask consists of 3 layers: from outside to inside, including Nano silk fabric, movable filter for peppermint essential oil (PEO)and silk cotton fabric, it makes COVID-19 disappear. RESULTS: The use of a replaceable filter in the construction of the mask makes it washable and replaceable if contaminated, while re-washing existing masks to reuse them is incorrect;Because of the opening of the fibers in the mask and also changes in the physical and chemical structure, the mask loses its effectiveness and will have severe viral or microbial contamination. The use of a PEO filter in the construction of the mask has an effective role in treating pneumonia, strengthening the immune system and disinfecting. Also, the layers of the mask are new compared to the existing masks, especially in the adhesive part of the layers and its connections, and their impermeability to the virus is innovative and inventive. CONCLUSION: By using this product, it is possible to take a big step in preventing COVID-19 and also to help move the economic wheels of the country. By implementing this plan, we can find a criterion for a suitable mask that for the first time the quality of the fabric mask is important in terms of filter interchangeability, wash ability, leakage and its filtering efficiency in the country.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PEPPERMINT, BASIL AND ROSEMARY ESSENTIAL OILS OBTAINED BY STEAM DISTILLATION

The aim of this paper is to present the antibacterial activity of peppermint, basil and rosemary essential oils obtained by steam distillation after the preservation period using various methods. The processing methods used for the plant materials were natural drying, freezing and gamma ray irradiation. The oils were extracted after certain preservation periods from Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum and Rosmarinus officinalis aromatic plant materials. The antibacterial activity of the studied essential oils was assessed against 8 bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens). Antibacterial activity of the essential oils was investigated using disc diffusion method. The results showed that the antibacterial activity depends on the type of aromatic plant and the type of used preservation methods. The most active essential oils against the tested bacteria were, in descending order rosemary, peppermint and basil.