Pepper Farmers Research Articles

ANALISIS SALURAN PEMASARAN LADA PUTIH DI DESA AIR GEGAS KECAMATAN AIR GEGAS KABUPATEN BANGKA SELATAN

This research aims to: (1) determine pepper marketing channels (2) calculate pepper marketing margin (3) calculate pepper farmer share (4) analyze pepper marketing efficiency in Air Gegas Village. The research method used in this research is the survey method. The sampling technique used snowball sampling and the number of samples was 10 farmers and 2 trader collectors. The data collection methods used were interviews, observation and questionnaires. The data analysis method uses qualitative analysis, marketing margin analysis, farmer share analysis and marketing efficiency analysis. The research results show that 1) the marketing channels for pepper in Air Gegas Village are indirect selling and collecting traders as intermediaries. 2). The average marketing margin for pepper in Air Gegas Village is Rp. 4,500/kg. 3). The average farmer share of pepper in Air Gegas Village is 96.4%. 4). The average pepper marketing efficiency in Air Gegas Village is 1.83%.

Susceptibility of Capsicum varieties to Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) infestation for production optimization.

Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a major threat to the production and marketing of pepper (Capsicum spp.) in Ghana. To reduce the damage of the pest on pepper farming, it is important to find appropriate control methods, which may include the use of resistant host plants. This study investigated the relative susceptibility of 6 pepper varieties commonly cultivated in Ghana: Legon 18, Bird's eye, Scotch bonnet, Cayenne, KA2, and sweet pepper (Yolo wonder+ variety). Choice and no-choice ovipositional preference tests were conducted and the population growth rate of T. leucotreta was determined by establishing life table parameters including the net reproductive rates (R0), the mean generation time (G), intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm), the population doubling time (T), and the finite rate of increase (λ). In the no-choice test, females exhibited oviposition preference for sweet pepper (12.08 eggs/fruit), while Bird's eye was the least preferred (5.00 eggs/fruit). The same results were observed in the choice test. However, the population growth rate of T. leucotreta was highest on the Scotch bonnet and Cayenne, with rm of 0.124 and 0.127, respectively, while the Bird's eye and sweet pepper recorded the least rm of 0.116. Thus, the tested varieties had varying levels of susceptibility to T. leucotreta infestation. Bird's eye was the least susceptible variety, while Cayenne and Scotch bonnet were the most susceptible varieties. These findings could direct farmers on the choices of pepper varieties for cultivation and proffer potential opportunities to breed new varieties resistant to T. leucotreta infestation.

Manajemen Risiko Usahatani Cabai Rawit: Studi Kasus Di Kawasan Gunung Merapi

Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L) is a common horticultural commodity cultivated by farmers in the Mount Merapi area. Farmers in this region face the risk of fluctuating productivity due to unpredictable volcanic eruption activities. This study aims to describe the types, sources, and levels of risk, analyze and examine risk management in bird's eye chili farming based on risk levels, risk mapping, and the total household income analysis of bird's eye chili farmers in Mount Merapi. The sample consists of 100 farmers selected through simple random sampling, with the criteria being residents who have been farming cayenne pepper for 10 years in the Mount Merapi area, growing cayenne pepper as the main commodity on their farmland, and farmers with and without additional income sources outside of farming. Data analysis includes risk analysis, total household income analysis, and descriptive quantitative analysis. In Pakem Subdistrict, the coefficient of variation values for production, price, and profit risks are 0.67, 0.08, and 1.20, respectively. In Dukun Subdistrict, these values are 0.55, 0.14, and 2.40, respectively. Lastly, in Selo Subdistrict, the values are 0.45, 0.07, and 0.84, respectively. Household income analysis is divided into two categories: farmers with additional income sources outside of farming and those without additional income sources in each district. The highest average total household income of cayenne pepper farmers is found in Selo Subdistrict. Important considerations in agricultural risk management include providing insurance for cayenne pepperi, market development, and land diversification.

PENGETAHUAN PETANI DALAM BUDIDAYA CABAI RAWIT DI DESA LAPANDEWA MAKMUR KECAMATAN LAPANDEWA KABUPATEN BUTON SELATAN

Cayenne pepper cultivation represents one of the most promising agricultural enterprises in the region, offering significant potential for growth and development. The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and expertise among farmers engaged in the cultivation of cayenne pepper plants in Lapandewa Makmur Village, Lapandewa District, South Buton Regency. The population of interest in this study was the total number of cayenne pepper farmers in Lapandewa Makmur Village, which was 22 farmers. The sample was determined using the census method, whereby the total population was used as a sample in the study, namely 22 respondents. Data collection techniques employed observation, interview, and documentation methods using media in the form of questionnaires. This research is quantitative in nature. Data were processed using quantitative descriptive analysis using the class interval formula. The results indicated that the level of knowledge of farmers in cayenne pepper cultivation activities in Lapandewa Makmur Village was at a high level of knowledge category. This level of knowledge encompasses the following areas: seed procurement, land processing, planting, maintenance, pest control, harvest, and post-harvest. The farmers demonstrated an adequate level of knowledge regarding the processes of seed procurement, land processing, planting, pest control, harvesting, and post-harvesting. However, they exhibited an insufficient level of knowledge regarding the maintenance of cayenne pepper plants.

Sweet Pepper Farming Strategies in Response to Climate Change: Enhancing Yield and Shelf Life through Planting Time and Cultivar Selection

Climate change is an important concern worldwide. This huge change is causing a negative impact on crop productivity throughout the whole world and shows some drastic effects on sensitive crops including sweet pepper and other kinds of chilies. These stresses have a negative effect on vegetable growth, fruit quality, and fruit yield. Besides these stresses, accurate planting time is the utmost factor in increasing the crop potential and its productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the optimal planting date and best-performing cultivar for sweet pepper to maximize crop productivity, growth, yield, and fruit shelf life under the impacts of climate change. The experiment was conducted in Multan, Pakistan (30° 25 N and 71° 30 E). In this experiment, four planting dates (10 January, 25 January, 10 February, and 25 February) with three cultivars (Ganga, Winner, and Savio) were grown with three replications (each year) during 2020 and 2021. Our findings showed that plant growth, fresh and dry biomass, yield, and yield attributes were statistically higher in earlier plantings, and lower in delayed planting. Regarding the cultivars in both years, ‘Winner’ performed better in all growth and yield parameters as compared to other growing cultivars. Lower weight loss and decay incidence were reported in ‘Winner’ cultivar. Additionally, ‘Winner’ cultivar showed a higher sensory score as compared to the other cultivar in both years. From the results, we conclude that the nursery of sweet pepper plants should be planted on the 25 January to attain higher crop productivity, and the cultivar ‘Winner’ showed promising effects so it should be planted for better yield.

EFISIENSI PENGGUNAAN FAKTOR PRODUKSI PADA USAHATANI CABAI RAWIT DI KECAMATAN SAKRA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

The research aims to: (1) Analyze production factors that influence the production of cayenne pepper farming in Sakra District, East Lombok Regency; (2) Analyzing the efficiency of using production factors in cayenne pepper farming in Sakra District, East Lombok Regency. The method used is a descriptive method, while data collection was carried out using survey techniques on a sample of 30 respondents. Data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively, using the Cobb-Douglas model regression function. The results of the research show that: (1) Production factors that have a positive influence on the production of cayenne pepper farming in Sakra District, East Lombok Regency include land area, seeds, urea fertilizer, NPK, and pesticides, meanwhile. Production factors that were declared to have no effect included the variables SP-36 fertilizer and labor; (2) The use of production factors (input) for cayenne pepper in Sakra District, East Lombok Regency, in the form of land area, Urea, NPK, SP-36, and pesticides is not yet efficient (its use is still insufficient), while the use of production factors in the form of seeds and labor is not efficient (excessive).

Kondisi Sosial Dan Ekonomi Petani Cabai Rawit Di Desa Tombasian Atas Satu Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat Kabupaten Minahasa

The purpose of this study was to determine the social and economic conditions of cayenne pepper farmers in Tombasian Atas Satu Village, West Kawangkoan District, Minahasa Regency. This research was conducted for three months from July to September 2023, located in Tombasian Atas Satu Village, West Kawangkoan District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. The data collection method used in this research is primary data obtained directly through observations and interviews with cayenne pepper farmers in Tombasian Atas Village. Secondary data were obtained from literature related to the socio-economic conditions of cayenne pepper farmers or books, research journals, articles or data from local governments. The population in this study were all heads of families of cayenne pepper farmers in Tombasian Atas Satu Village, totaling 25 families. The data analysis method used in the research is descriptive analysis by processing data from the field into quantitative data in tabular form and then described so as to explain the social and economic conditions of farmers. The results showed that the social and economic conditions of cayenne pepper farmers in Tombasian Atas Satu Village were classified as good. The majority of farmers have higher education, farming knowledge gained from experience, and relatively few family dependents. The majority of farmers choose to seek treatment at the health center or doctor. The majority of farming experience is in the range of 0-5 years, the main source of capital comes from farmers themselves, the majority of farmers own their own land, and livelihood diversification helps reduce economic risk. Farmers' production and income ranged from 50-90 kg of cayenne pepper per month, with an income of IDR1.500.000 to IDR3.000.000.

Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Cabai Rawit di Desa Raanan Baru Kecamatan Motoling Barat Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan

This research aims to analyze the income obtained from cayenne pepper farming activities in one planting season in Raanan Baru Village, West Motoling District, South Minahasa District. This research was conducted from July to September 2023. The data collection method used was primary and secondary data. Respondents in this study consisted of 10 people using purposive sampling. The data analysis used is quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this research show that each farmer respondent has a different income. The average income earned by respondents from cayenne pepper farming in Raanan Baru Village, West Motoling Sub-District, South Minahasa District is IDR20,660,303 per planting season is obtained from the difference between the average revenue of IDR29,950,000 and the average total cost of IDR10,619,697.

Cayenne Pepper Seed Partnership Sustainability Strategy (Case Study of "You Seed" Company Jember East Java)

Jember is one of the Cayenne pepper-producing districts in East Java. It is among the top 10 cayenne pepper producers in East Java and has the potential to contribute raw materials for cayenne pepper seeds. One of the superior seed-producing companies in Jember Regency is PT. Benih Unggul Sejati or You Seed Company. The company partners with cayenne pepper farmers in Jember to get raw seed materials. The higher demand for seeds is a problem, namely the farmers' lack of raw seed materials in stock. Farmers often provide seeds from their cayenne pepper harvest in quantities below the target set by the company. The sampling method uses a total sampling of 28 respondents. The data collection method uses observation, interview, and literature study methods. The research methods used are descriptive and quantitative. The results of the study are the sustainability strategy of the partnership that exists between the company PT. Benih Unggul Sejati and cayenne pepper seed farmers, namely the company strengthening emotional relationships with partner farmers through increasing the frequency of visits to partner farmers' land; the company provides capital loan assistance of up to 50% of the total cost of cayenne pepper farming expenses to partner farmers; utilizing waring technology in the cayenne pepper cultivation process; expanding the sales market for cayenne pepper seeds both nationally and internationally and cooperating with fellow IPBH member companies.

Phyto-parasitic nematodes of bell pepper plant and farm soil in Abua, Rivers State, Nigeria

Bell pepper farming significantly contributes to economic development in Abua. However, phyto-parasitic nematodes are endemic in the area and affect quality of crop yield. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate the dynamics of occurrence of nematodes in bell pepper roots and soil samples of the farms in Abua. Roots and soil from the root rhizosphere were simultaneously collected at 0-20 cm depth using an improvised soil auger and knife. Modified sieve plate technique was employed for nematode detection and a pictorial key was used for nematode identification at the genera level. An overall nematode abundance of 746 nematodes in the soil around the root region and 216 nematodes in the root tissues of the bell peppers were recorded. Gracilachus species (10.6 %) was more prevalent in the soil, and Meloidogyne species (35.2 %) exhibited the highest population in roots. The study found that Abua's cultivated soil is susceptible to nematode infestation, limiting crop performance. The nematodes showcased root burrowing which is an inherent pattern for survival. The result on root nematodes across the five bell farms surveyed was not significant (p > 0.05). The result opined that farmers in Abua, Rivers State, should understand the role of the soil nematodes and implement soil improvement strategies for improved crop performance and rural economic development.

Pemasaran Lada Putih (Piper nigrum) Di Desa Majel Kecamatan Bonti Kabupaten Sanggau

This research is to determine the marketing channels and margins for White Pepper in Majel Village, Bonti District, Sanggau Regency. The number of farmers who were respondents in this research was 33 farmers, 2 collecting traders and 1 retailer. The variables observed in this research consist of prices at the farmer level, prices at the trader level, prices at the retailer level, marketing costs at the collector and retailer levels, marketing profits at the collector and retailer levels and marketing margins. The results of the research show that in Majel Village there are several marketing institutions that form 1 marketing channel, namely from pepper farmers selling to collecting traders, then collecting traders selling to retailers, then retail traders selling to consumers. The largest margin in this marketing channel is at retailers, namely IDR 6,000/Kg, Farmer's share in the white pepper marketing channel in Majel Village is 91.18%

INPUT AND OUTPUT LEVELS OF IRRIGATION PROGRAMMES FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCERS MANAGED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND FARMERS IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

This study examined the level of vegetable production and estimate their production efficiency in North West Nigeria. In order to achieve this, a sample size of 360 vegetable farmers from Jigawa (110), Kano (137) and Katsina (113) States were randomly selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The data were collected using structured questionnaires and interview scheduled. The tools of analysis include descriptive statistics and Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production model. The results of the production efficiency analysis showed that seed and labour significantly influenced the level of production of tomato, pepper and onion at 1% level of probability. There was also a strong correlation between the level of production and the type of irrigation scheme thereby confirming the variability in the level of vegetable production across government managed irrigation scheme (GMIS) and farmers managed irrigation scheme (FMIS). The significant deviation from the expected maximum level of production efficiency was impacted by the presence of technical inefficiency which in turn was determined by a number of factors On average, farmers under GMIS and FMIS were 64% and 67% technically efficient in tomato production, 81% and 69% technically efficient in pepper farming and 69% and 78% technically efficient in onion cultivation, respectively. The most important determinants of allocative inefficiency in vegetable production were the age of the household head, farming experience, type of irrigation scheme and the soil properties. On average, vegetable farmers under GMIS and FMIS were 85% and 65% allocative efficient in tomato production, 76% and 74% allocative efficient in pepper farming and 77% and 81% allocative efficient in onion cultivation, respectively. Consequently, it was derived that, on average, vegetable farmers under GMIS and FMIS were 55% and 50% economically efficient in tomato production, 64% and 50% economically efficient in pepper farming and 53% and 64% economically efficient in onion production, respectively. It was concluded that vegetable farming system under GMIS is more efficient and sustainable than FMIS, judging from efficiencies parameters. Inputs such as labour, seed and fertilizer were inelastic with respect to output, hence, farmers are encouraged to be train by extension agents in order to determine the most appropriate rate of inputs to use.

IoT-Based Rainfall Monitoring System for Chili Farming Land

This research focuses on the design and implementation of a rainfall monitoring system for chili pepper farms using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The rainfall monitoring system consists of a transmitter system, a receiver system, the Thingspeak platform as a database, and a weather station application that can be accessed via a mobile device. The weather station application is built using the MIT App Inventor platform. In the testing phase, the system successfully collected data from two sensors used, namely the rainfall intensity sensor and the raindrop sensor. The test results showed that the data obtained from the rainfall intensity sensor was 0.25 inches and the raindrop sensor was 1. This result shows that there was no rain during the test. This rain intensity and raindrop data can provide farmers with an overview of the weather conditions in the chili pepper farm. So, with this rainfall monitoring system, farmers can monitor the condition of their agricultural land in real-time. The collected data can help farmers to care for chili pepper plants more effectively and adapt to environmental changes. In addition, this system is expected to increase the productivity of chili pepper farming because it uses a more precise and responsive approach to changes in environmental conditions on the chili pepper farm.

Unveiling the Economic Potential of Smallholder Pepper Production in the Kumbungu District of Northern Ghana

This study examines the economic benefits and constraints associated with smallholder pepper production in the Kumbungu District of Northern Ghana. Using a multistage sampling method and semi-structured questionnaire, data were gathered from 200 pepper producers from various communities within the district. Gross Margin analysis, descriptive statistics and Kendall’s Concordance method were employed to analyze the data. The results revealed that male farmers dominated with 88% whiles the remaining 12% were women, the mean age of the respondent was 34.21. Majority of the respondents were married (72.5%) while the remaining were single (27.5%) with no divorcees or widows. 85.5% cultivate pepper on farm size between 1.1 to 2.0 hectares with relatively highest mean productivity. In addition, pepper production in the study area is profitable due to GH₵1.98 return for every GH₵1 invested. Major factors identified and ranked as the main constraints in order of importance were; Insufficient working capital, High cost of production inputs, Low level of government support, Inadequate storage facilities, Perishable nature of pepper, Poor mode of transportation, long distance to market, difficulty in getting land for production and insufficient knowledge in pepper production. Therefore, NGOs and Financial institutions who have interest in agriculture should offer credit facilities to pepper farmers for expanding production. The provision of incentive in the form of subsidy, cost-sharing, price control among others should be instituted by the Government, MOFA and Non-Governmental Organization to aid in the expansion of pepper production in the study area.

Urgency Role of Agricultural Extension Workers to Improve the Implementation of Good Agricultural Practices Geographical Indications (GAP-GI) for Pepper Farmers

Urgency Role of Agricultural Extension Workers to Improve the Implementation of Good Agricultural Practices Geographical Indications (GAP-GI) for Pepper Farmers

Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Cabai Rawit Di Desa Kombi Kecamatan Kombi Kabupaten Minahasa

The purpose of this study was to analyze the income of cayenne pepper farming in Kombi Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. The research was conducted from July to August 2023. This research was conducted in Kombi Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. The data collection method used is by collecting primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through direct interviews with cayenne pepper farmers in Kombi Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency using questions that had been prepared in the form of a questionnaire. Secondary data were obtained from data from the agriculture office and other sources related to the research. The sampling method used in the study was probability sampling technique, namely sampling that provides equal opportunities for each member of the population to be selected as a sample member. Researchers took a sample of 8 cayenne pepper farmers who already had production results in Kombi Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency. Data analysis used descriptive quantitative analysis in determining production costs, revenue, income, and R / C ratio. The results showed that cayenne pepper farming in Kombi Village, Kombi District, Minahasa Regency obtained an income of IDR56.347.923 per farmer per one planting season, and income per hectare was obtained at IDR150.187.532, and the results of the R / C Ratio analysis obtained 4,21 which means it is feasible to cultivate.

Assessment of technical efficiency and its determinants among smallholder pepper farmers in Tolon district of Ghana

The main purpose of the study was to assess technical efficiency (TE) and its determinants among smallholder pepper farmers in a less developed country, Ghana. The study used a stochastic frontier approach and the translog production function to analyze TE of the selected pepper farmers. The mean technical efficiency was estimated at 81.4% implying high efficiency of production among the producers. Pepper output increased with the cost of ploughing as well as the quantity of seed used in production. Furthermore, respondent’s age, years of formal education, household size, weeding frequency, livestock ownership and access to credit were identified as significant factors affecting TE. The study recommends provision of credit to farmers, training on effective weed control and soil fertility management alongside integration of livestock rearing as measures necessary to boost TE of pepper farmers.

Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Hot Pepper Production among Small-Scale Farmers in Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area of Katsina State, Nigeria

This study used the Stochastic Frontier model to analyze hot pepper production among small-scale farmers in Dutsin-ma Local Government Area, Katsina State. Purposive and proportionate random sampling techniques were used to select 121 hot pepper farmers from whom the data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and stochastic frontier production function model. The result of the study shows that hot pepper production activity is dominated by male (99.2%) and married (95.0%) farmers whom are middle aged (Mean = 39 year) and most of them (about 53%) have household size of 1-10 persons, and an average farming experience of 13 years with a farm size average of 1.5 hectares. Majority of the hot pepper producers are engaged in its production for income generation while only few among them have access to credits. The result of the gross margin analysis (GM) shows that hot pepper farmers incurred total variable cost (TVC) of NGN138,703.6, and a return of NGN164,513.4 that yielded the profit of NGN25,809.8 per hectare of production and a return on investment of 1.28. The average technical efficiency (TE) of the farmers was found to be 80% among hot pepper farmers in the study area. Moreover the result of the frontier analysis shows that seed, labor and fertilizer are significant inputs determining hot pepper output. In addition to that inefficiency components of the frontier analysis revealed education, access to extension service, cooperative membership, Years of farming experience, farm size, and household size to be the significant determinants of efficiency of hot pepper production in the study area. The result also revealed that farmers in the study area are faced with major challenges of high costs of production inputs and problems of pests and diseases.

Analysis Production of Cayenne Pepper Farming in Brondong District Lamongan Regency East Java Indonesia

This research has several objectives, about cayenne pepper farmers characteristic and the main aim of which is to determine the influence of land area, seed costs, fertilizer costs, agricultural chemicals costs, labor costs, farming experience and climate on the amount of cayenne pepper production. The research results show that the land area (X1), seed cost (X2), fertilizer costs (X3) and agricultural chemicals costs (X4) has a significant effect on cayenne pepper production, while labor costs (X5) did not have a significant effect on cayenne pepper production, the role of climate was analyzed using a questionnaire showing that respondents agreed that climate had an effect on cayenne pepper production.

Farmers’ Perception of Viral Diseases and Their Management in Pepper (Capsicum spp.) Production in Benin

Pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an important solanaceous cash crop in Benin; however, productivity is limited due to several key constraints, especially diseases caused by viruses. We sought to understand farmers’ perceptions of viral diseases, management strategies deployed, and to identify the virus population affecting pepper production in Benin. To assess farmers’ perceptions and management of viral diseases, a survey was carried out in four agroecological zones of Benin. A total of 144 pepper farmers were interviewed using the snowball method. A total of 52 pepper leaf samples with virus-like symptoms were collected and diagnosed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or PCR. Pepper production systems varied across agroecological zones (P ≤ 0.001) with a predominance of farms practicing monoculture (82%). The majority of farmers (89%) indicated that pests and diseases were the main constraints to increased production. Cucumber mosaic virus (92% of the total samples), Pepper vein yellow virus (52%), and Pepper veinal mottle virus (50%) were the major viruses detected in pepper fields in Benin. There were both single (29%) and mixed (71%) infections of the viruses, suggesting that mixed infections are common for pepper in Benin, confounding efforts to reduce virus infections. Nearly 100% of the farmers surveyed were not aware of these viral diseases. They also could not directly relate symptoms of virus infection to the presence of aphids, whiteflies, or thrips. Farmers relied primarily on synthetic insecticides (93%) to control virus vectors. Interestingly, some farmers applied commercial (12%) and homemade (17%) biopesticides, with neem-based preparations being the most widely used. A total of 15% of farmers used companion cropping with maize, mint or basil and 43% of farmers used crop rotation as a cultural management practice to control viral disease and vector pressure in pepper fields. The implications of this work include the importance of training farmers and extension agents on diagnosis of viruses and their vectors causing viral diseases. This study provides baseline information for the development of host-resistant cultivars and deployment of integrated pest management strategies for pepper in Benin to reduce farmer losses.