Standards Of People Research Articles

The Effect of Service Failure on Customer Switching Intention in the Tourism Industry

As people's standard of living has increased, tourism's is taking a greater share in peoples' consumption. The tourism market continues to expand; however, customers' complaints became more frequent, travel agencies and tourists had more disputes, and there have been increased service failures of travel agencies. Therefore, how to reduce customers switching intention became one of the critical issues. This study investigates the effect of service failures on customers switching intention and personality traits. The results showed that travel agencies notify customers reservation cannot be made due to insufficient number of participants before departure have no effect on the customer switching intention. Service failure on the journey about important attractions unable to visit or must cancel the attractions journey or tour guide provides poor service effect on the customer switching intention.

Research on Food Vehicle Routing Problem Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm

The study proposed an improved genetic algorithm to solve this food logistics routing problem. the rationality of the model was validated and the effectiveness of the algorithm. Research conclusion can provide reference for the research on food logistics distribution business in the pursuit of minimizing total cost to optimize route choice, vehicle size and departure time. It also has great application value. With the boom of economics, people's standards of living are increasing, so we are paying more and more attention to the fresh food quality problem.

Advances in exploring the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of cardiac diseases in China.

Cardiovascular disease has become the most serious health threat and represents the major cause of morbidity and mortality in China, as in other industrialized nations. During the past few decades, China's economic boom has tremendously improved people's standard of living but has also changed their lifestyle, increasing the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, the so-called 'disease of modern civilization'. This new trend has attracted a significant amount of research. Many of the studies conducted by Chinese investigators are orientated towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease. At the molecular level, the long-standing consensus is that cardiovascular disease is associated with a sequence mutation (genetic anomaly) and expression deregulation (epigenetic disorder) of protein-coding genes. However, new research data have established the non-protein-coding genes microRNAs (miRNAs) as a central regulator of the pathogenesis of cardiac disease and a potential new therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease. These small non-coding RNAs have also been subjected to extensive, rigorous investigations by Chinese researchers. Over the years, a large body of studies on miRNAs in cardiovascular disease has been conducted by Chinese investigators, yielding fruitful research results and a better understanding of miRNAs as a new level of molecular mechanisms for the pathogenesis of cardiac disease. In this review, we briefly summarize the current status of research in the field of miRNAs and cardiovascular disease in China, highlighting the advances made in elucidating the role of miRNAs in various cardiac conditions, including cardiac arrhythmia, myocardial ischaemia, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We have also examined the potential of miRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

TIPOLOGI DAN POLA PENANGANAN PERMUKIMAN KUMUH DI KOTA BONTANG (The Typology and Patterns of Slum Improvement Management in Bontang City)

Started as a fishing settlement area in Bontang Kuala Village, the City of Bontang has been growing very rapidly. However, despite this growth people's standard of living has been decreasing in terms of environmental quality, income as well as sheltering with the emergence of slum areas. These conditions greatly affect the physical, social, cultural and economic aspects of life. The management of slum areas in Bontang City becomes strategic because slums are integrated with the rest of the city including the downtown area and urban growth centers, as well as with the other areas in the vicinity, such as industrial, commercial, warehousing, and office areas. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the characteristics of the slum areas. The identification methods do not discriminate the distribution of slum areas. The criteria used include non-economic vitality, regional economic vitality, land ownership status, infrastructure and facility conditions, local government’s commitment, and handling priorities. Environmental assessment of the slums was done by assigning a weighting system to each of the above criteria. The determination of the weights of the criteria is relative and depends on the individual and group preferences in looking at the influence of each criterion. The improvement or treatment patterns appropriate to be applied in Bontang City should be in accordance with the site characteristics. Locations with high-scale slum category (HS) requires the curative pattern while those with moderate category (MS) should take reductive treatment, and slum areas with low-scale category (LS) will require preventive treatment.

AHP를 활용한 노인요양공동생활가정의 치유환경 요소 분석

Population of senior citizens in Korea has been on the increase rapidly through decrease in population by falling birth rate and extension the average life span by development of medical technology and improving people's standard of living. AHP questionnaire techniques were utilized to measure the relative importance of the therapeutic environment elements in Gyeonggi province. The purpose of this study is to identify therapeutic environment elements which can improve quality of elderly's life by classifying elements according to two aspects on the basis of preceding studies. The results of this study were as follows; First, all therapeutic elements were put together on the basis of two preceding studies based on the two aspects. Second, in PEI, building interior was relatively estimated more important than building exterior and the relative importance of building interior elements was estimated in order of importance as follows: program room(0.138), moving space(0.131), bathroom(0.127), toilet(0.125). Relative importance of therapeutic indicator was in order of importance as follows: safety(0.149), continuity of the self(0.133), facilitation of social contact(0.125), privacy(0.111). The derived elements are expected to use as the basic data at the time of planning for group-homes for the elderly with dementia.

Pengayaan Pengetahuan Lokal, Pembangunan Pranata Sosial: Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dalam Kemitraan

For three decades, the management of natural resources has been oriented towards increased production and profit in the national economy or for certain stakeholders, sacrificing conservation and the prosperity of local people. The unavoidable results are the deterioration of natural resources, ecological pollution, and a decline in the people's ways and standards of living. This paper attempts to show that the sustainable management of natural resources can only be achieved if the state surrenders its domination and delegate rights to the local people as active actors. Besides the stories of how rich local knowledge, are some studies point out that local people have limited knowledge of the ecosystem, which carries the implication of weaknesses in natural resource management. Other cases focus on how the social institution (rules, conventions and control mechanisms) needed to overcome the problems of resource management has not been internalized, or has either been marginalized, or substituted by ineffective government institutions. The cases of rice farmers in Lampung and fish farmers in South Sulawesi as illustrated in this paper will show that special attention should be given to the enrichment of local knowledge, along with the creation, establishment and development of social institutions. For the sustainable management of natural resources in this country, it is important to consider the local people's rights of managing resources on their own, and the need for facilitation on the basis of partnership.

Application and Research on Ergonomics and Kansei Engineering in Human-Computer Interface Design

This article aims to analyze the interaction and human-computer interaction interface, and relying on Kansei engineering theory, make the analysis for the design of man-machine interface and how to better. This paper puts forward three aspects to consider ergonomics to embody the role of user interface design, fully confirms the "people-oriented" is the source of product design and user experience, can be solved by the met in the design field, in order to improve and optimize the machine and user interface of human-computer interaction, the better and more efficient. In the course of development of the society, human and social relations more closely, technology is also more and more intense challenge for human. [1] For the design of user interface, the material is caused by mechanical industrial production in large quantities of. Industrial production continued to stimulate the generation and development of the industrial society, social mass production technology as the center gradually as a measure of social progress bar. The quantity and quality of material satisfaction as the industrialized society, fully reflect the people's standard of living and the pursuit of the standard, but the contrary is immaterial society "emotion and experience", the quality of this factor to measure a person's life, the designer must break the existing way of thinking and logic to solve design practice from different social and cultural background, so the ergonomics and perceptual study very good application in. [2] 1 Study of human-machine interface Good design products as local a holographic system, a product includes all the information of our goods in society. [3] A design of excellent products, is the inevitable product, environmental, economic, technological, cultural and other factors the ingenious fusion and balance. Human computer interaction is no exception, it is on the needle and the computer how to effectively link as a starting point. [4] The perfect computer technology humanization only maximum achieve human-computer interaction harmony. In the interface design, to achieve the most convenient and efficient user experience, we should make full use of people easy memory and understanding of graphics and accurate small amounts of text, with different color and picture effect, only in this way in the process of operating the computer and the computer feedback and people, in order to achieve the full interaction. [5]

Upcycling waste plastics into carbon nanomaterials: A review

ABSTRACTPolymer production and utilization are currently widespread and have greatly improved people's standards of living. However, due to their stable and nonbiodegradable nature, postconsumer polymers pose challenging issues to the environment and ecosystems. Efforts are being made not only to contain the generation of polymer wastes and associated littering but, also, to find ways of utilizing them sustainably. Aside from mechanical recycling, which turns postconsumer polymers into new polymer products, and thermal recycling, which releases the thermal energy contained within waste plastics through combustion, chemical recycling converts waste polymers into feedstock for chemicals/materials/fuels production. This manuscript reviews prior work on a special application of the particular chemical recycling route that converts polymers into carbon‐based nanomaterials. These materials feature extraordinary physical and chemical properties with tremendous applications potential. However, their production processes are both resource‐ and energy‐intensive. Yet, by taking advantage of the high carbon content of waste polymers, as well as of their high energy content, a cost‐effective, environmentally‐friendly, and self‐sustaining production of carbon nanomaterials can be achieved. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39931.

Evaluation of Economic Development Process on Environmental Pollution Status in Hanoi, Vietnam

After 20 years of innovation, the economy of Vietnam has achieved high growths with lots of advantages for the country’s industrialization and modernization process. The country has gradually reduced poverty, created more jobs, improved people's life standards and narrowed down the economic gap between its own and that of other countries in the world. However, economy growths have at the same time caused big pressure on the quality of the environment, especially in big cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city. The environmental problems such as water pollution, air and solid waste are becoming more and more serious. This paper presents discussions on the following issues in the case of Hanoi: (1) an analysis of the economy development from 2008 up to present; (2) the influences of industrialization- modernization-urbanization process on environmental quality; (3) an analysis of the environmental pollution; and (4) a proposal of the possible measures to protect living environment towards a sustainable development.

Landscape characteristic aesthetic structure: Construction of urban landscape characteristic time-spatial pattern based on aesthetic subjects☆

The paper presents means and models of city-landscape characteristic structure construction on the aspect of landscape aesthetics subjects, which is called the landscape characteristic aesthetic structure and in short as LCAS. In this paper, the steps of LCAS research are as follows:Describes the concepts of the landscape characteristic aesthetic structure (LCAS), and expounds the LCAS properties: systematic quality, temporal and spatial quality, and virtual existence.Learns from typology research methods, discusses the elements and types needed in a landscape characteristic aesthetic system, and constructs research method for LCAS pattern. As for the temporal dimension, the dynamic evolution and interaction expressed in LCAS between the “tradition” and “modernity” landscapes conflict. As for the spatial dimension, this paper explores the LCAS patterns in macroscopic scope of city group, the middle scope of single cities and the microcosmic scope of urban spaces with questionnaires and examples research.Uses pattern language to express different LCAS types in the temporal and spatial system.We develop the patterns of various LCAS types with graphical patterned representation, as well as construct the LCAS research method and theory which is based on the general people's aesthetic standards and sensibilities to build city characteristics and urban landscapes as a guidance.

Research on the Application of Geographic Information System in Tourism Management

The 21st century is the era of information economy. With economic development and social progress, people's material and cultural standard of living continues to improve and leisure time continues to increase, tourism has become increasingly popular as a kind of leisure way. The geographic information system applied to tourism management is the preferred platform of tourism information. On the basis of introducing the concepts of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Travel Geographic Information System (TGIS), this paper illustrates the role that the geographic information system plays in tourism management. Tourism has a strong geographical attributes. And GIS itself is information system offering services to geographic research and decision-making, which can play a role in tourism management. In particular, possessing the functions, such as data collection, storage, processing, spatial analysis and so on, GIS directly provides services for tourism management. The roles of GIS in tourism management are mainly in the following areas: conducting tourism information management; being able to produce a comprehensive thematic map. The paper analyzes the existing problems of GIS applications in tourism management. Take a panoramic view of the current technology and management system, the key technology and problems to establish TGIS are: the construction of tourism geographic information database; the establishment of data structure and the data model; the design of Tourism Geographic Information Database System. The essay also proposes the development prospects of the combination of GIS with new information technologies. GIS applied in Tourism Management has played a significant role. At the same time, it should be noted that information technology continuously changes, GIS applied in tourism management also need to improve according to the development of information technology to adapt to the information technology development. Looking the prospects of GIS applied in tourism management, the following areas need to be improved: RS, GPS as supplementary means applied to GIS data collection and update to enhance information collection ability of the system; combining the multimedia and virtual technology with GIS to enhance the attractiveness of the system for tourists; Combining the expert system technology with GIS to enhance the capacity of the system to solve travel problems.

Can More Efficient IT Be Worse for the Environment?

Understanding the role that energy efficiency can play in enabling IT to serve sustainability is critical, both to the computing industry and to the global ecosystem. The information and communication technology sector accounts for 2-2.5 percent of global CO2 emissions and is growing rapidly. Making IT more efficient can also contribute to unsustainable economic growth and related environmentally harmful activities. Many factors influence whether a given effort to increase energy efficiency aligns with sustainability. Our objective here is not to undermine efficiency efforts. Efficiency tends to foster economic growth, which is a policy goal for all industrialized nations and often increases people's standard of living. However, many computing professionals seek to improve efficiency because they believe it is a reliable way to reduce humanity's environmental impact. Unfortunately there is no clear consensus on this relationship in the environmental science and economics literature.Identifying which particular energy efficiencies can be sustainability-directed is currently very difficult. In pursuing sustainability through efficiency, we must first determine the conditions under which efficiency aligns with sustainability and undertake only the efforts that satisfy those conditions.

Afforestation of rural land in greece: a multinomial logistic regression analysis of driving factors

This article deals with the importance of European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development through the implementation of afforestation schemes in rural communities. The main aim of the article is to investigate the spatial patterns of afforestation in Greece, the driving factors behind these patterns as well as the degree of the success of the EU policy for forest expansion through afforestation of arable land. Therefore, the focus is on providing a concrete appraisal regarding the contribution of EU 2080/92 and 1257/99 Regulations to the improvement of regional forest status by means of increasing forest areas and improving the local people's standard of living. The study area covers the entire Greek territory which consists of 51 administrative prefectures. Methodologically speaking, the empirical analysis is based on a multinomial logistic regression model targeted at providing a thorough understanding of the major driving factors that influence rural communities' response to the regulations. The environmental importance of arable land afforestation is highlighted as well as the extent to which the regulations has met the initial expectations. Keywords: afforestation, EU Regulation 2080/92, EU Regulation 1257/99, forest resources, Greece, multifunctional agriculture, multinomial logistic regression, rural development, rural land, spatial analysis. In recent decades, land use patterns have undergone tremendous transformations of such a magnitude that have attracted considerable attention within the scientific community. At present, an international multidisciplinary debate is in progress among scientists, experts, policy makers, non-governmental organisations and various economic and institutional players with some interest at or involvement in land use allocation. In some respects, this is due to the fact that the magnitude and pace of land change have risen considerably, affecting almost all fundamental components of the system created from both natural and anthropogenic communities. The most affected uses of land seem to be agricultural and forest uses. Rural areas in the EU make up 80% of the territory and have approximately 25% of the population. These areas have undergone major adjustments resulting from agricultural policies and other driving forces such as policy decisions about tourism, transportation networks and forestry. Implications have been great and pressuring, especially those concerning forests and soil, ranging from biotic diversity threats, desertification and forest and open land 'squeeze' to increased vulnerability to human settlements as well as local water and food shortage. Therefore, there is a pressuring need for designing and applying integrated, sustainable and realistic forest policies tightly connected to the requirements for improving the local people's quality of life. The declining economic viability of rural areas not only in Greece but also in other Mediterranean countries has forced the decision makers to develop policies targeted at delivering support to the rural communities to invert the current situation. Multifunctional forestry is perceived as a means of rural development. It is also considered to be an important vehicle for diversifying the countryside through the restoration of existing woodlands and the establishment of new forests on suitable land including former agricultural land (1, 2). In this way, it is possible to strengthen the livelihood base and the quality of life in rural areas. Afforestation of marginal agricultural land through the EU Regulations 2080/92 and 1257/99 is a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) target focused on (a) decreasing agricultural goods production

Measuring global production involvement: an exploratory study of Hong Kong clothing manufacturers

A country's competitiveness and, in turn, its people's standard of living are linked to the involvement of its commercial sector in international business. The Hong Kong clothing-manufacturing industry is one of the key players in the world's fashion trade. The major objectives of this paper are to study how the manufacturers there are involved in global production and to develop a summary score for measuring the intensity of such involvement. Six modified global production involvement (GPI) indicators were identified from the literature and a logical and systematic approach was designed for the development of the score. Finally, a four-item sub-index, comprising location of offshore manufacturing plants, number of offshore manufacturing plants, length of offshore production experience and ownership of offshore plants, was successfully obtained, expressing the intensity of a firm's investment in global manufacturing facilities. The other two GPI indicators, propensity for offshore production and extent of offshore production networking were stand-alone, implying that the GPI of a firm should be viewed separately from three perspectives. These resulting measures can be used by other researchers to evaluate and compare specific countries' GPI as well as that of individual firms and to provide guidelines for firms to increase such involvement through adjusting the level of these measures.

Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye: When Beaaty Turns Out To Be Hegenomy

The United States of America is a race-conscious society that those who are colored (as opposed to white) have generally been put in inferior positions and treated accordingly. Consequently, apparently White Anglo Saxon Protestants (WAPS)has been inherently put as the dominant group whereas the African American is consciously placed as one of the subordinate ones. Theory of hegemony proposed by Antonio Gramscihas been believed as a means to understand the position of the superior and the inferior groups in the society. Meanwhile, the concept of beauty is an example of cultural institution; hence, the standard of beauty is based on the dominant group e.g. White people, so there is the White beauty standard as a means of hegemonic practice in the American society. This phenomenon is thoughtfully depicted by Toni Morrison in The Bluest Eye. Therefore, this writing aims at describing the phenomena when beauty turns out to be the hegemonic practice of White beauty standard in African American society as it is depicted in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye.lhc study shows that White beauty standard has been the hegemonic practice that is consciously alive in the African Americans as the society members involved in the story. The hegemony itself is from the beauty standards which are standardized using the White people's beauty standards e.g. light skinned, blue eyes, blonde, slimmer body image, etc. The White beauty standard hegemony is not solely the single reason of maintaining domination and power; in fact, society members, and their will and consciousness have also participated in it. Therefore, the implications occur within the society under the hegemonic practices or the hegemonized society, so do the characters in this novel. Those implications are extracted from the characters living in the novel as the characters are the hegemonized subject in practice. It is the fact that White beauty standard hegemony has led to the emergence of intra-racial discrimination happening within the African American society as it is reflected in the literary work due to the characters' efforts to seek for White's approval. The second is the emergence of the self-loathing upon the characters in the novel, and the third is the emergence of the self identity degrading.

Fields Of Power, Forests Of Discontent: Culture, Conservation, and The State In Mexico

Enduring differences between protected areas and local people have produced few happy compromises, but at the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in the southern Mexican state of Campeche, government agents and thousands of local people collaborated on an expansive program to alleviate these tensions a conservation-development agenda that aimed to improve local people's standard of living while preserving natural resources. Calakmul is home to numerous endangered species and raises a common question: How can environmental managers and citizens reconcile competing ecological desires? For a brief time in the 1990s, collaborations at Calakmul were heralded as a vital example of melding local management, forest and economic development. In Fields of Power, Forests of Discontent, Nora Haenn questions the rise and fall of this conservation program to examine conservation at the intersection of national-international agendas and local political-economic interests. While other assessments of such programs have typically focused on why they do or do not succeed, Haenn instead considers conservation's encounter with people's everyday lives and how those experiences affect environmental management. Haenn explores conservation and development from two perspectives: first regionally, to look at how people used conservation to create a new governing entity on a tropical frontier once weakly under national rule; then locally, focusing on personal histories and aspects of community life that shape people's daily lives, farming practices, and immersion in development programs even though those programs ultimately fail to resolve economic frustrations. She identifies how key political actors, social movements, and identity politics contributed to the instability of the Calakmul alliance. Drawing on extensive interviews with Reserve staff, including its director, she connects regional trends to village life through accounts of disputes at ejido meetings and the failure of ejido development projects. In the face of continued difficulty in creating a popular conservation in Calakmul, Haenn uses lessons from people's lives history, livelihood, village organization, expectations to argue for a sustaining conservation, one that integrates social justice and local political norms with a new, more robust definition of conservation. In this way, Fields of Power, Forests of Discontent goes beyond local ethnography to encourage creative discussion of conservation's impact on both land and people.

Vietnam in 2007: A Profile in Economic and Socio-Political Dynamism

The year 2007 witnessed a continuation of a five-year dynamic momentum evident on several fronts, notably a fast-growing economy and a vivid sociopolitical landscape, coupled with an active diplomacy. People's standard of living has improved and a sense of confidence and hope in a better future has permeated the populace. Viet Nam's scorecard on the diplomatic front continued to show impressive gains. Yet, momentum can be sustained only if limitations in institutions, education, and infrastructure can be addressed effectively.

USE AND MISUSE OF FOREST INCOME BY RURAL COMMUNITIES IN CAMEROON

ABSTRACT Since 1996, Cameroon has been redistributing a share of Annual Forest Royalties (AFF) to villages/communities, with the aim of increasing rural people's standards of living. However, its application has been widely criticized. Our study is based on a sample of nine communities in the Cameroon forest belt. We found that: • a significant part of AFF does not reach communities; • 3 villages out of 9 add other incomes to AFF payments in order to carry out collective investments; and • 3 other villages were able to justify the complete use of their AFF. This relative success in the establishment of a decentralized mechanism for forest income management indicates the need for strengthening the capabilities of communities in order to guarantee endogenous development.

Moral Spillovers: The Effect of Moral Violations on Deviant Behavior

Two experiments investigated whether outcomes that violate people's moral standards increase their deviant behavior (the moral spillover effect). In Study 1, participants read about a legal trial in which the outcome supported, opposed or was unrelated to their moral convictions. Relative to when outcomes supported moral convictions, when outcomes opposed moral convictions people judged the outcome to be less fair, were more angry, were less willing to accept the outcome, and were more likely to take a borrowed pen. In Study 2, participants who recalled another person's moral violation were more likely to cheat on an experimental task relative to angry or neutral condition participants. Taken together, results provide evidence for moral spillover: outcomes that violate moral standards increase deviant behavior.

Quantitative Change of Cultivated Land Based on the Current System of Finance and Taxation

The quantitative change in cultivated land resources is affected by many factors, which include population increase and fixed asset investments. The system of finance and taxation, which is the deep cause affecting the quantitative change in cultivated land resources in China is discussed in this article. From the quantitative and mechanism analysis, the quantitative change in cultivated land resources is affected by the current system of finance and taxation in both a positive and passive manner. As a whole, it is negative as far as protection of cultivated land resources is concerned. The result of the quantitative analysis verifies that the current finance and taxation system has an effect on the quantitative change in cultivated land resources. The article presents some suggestions: add financial budget revenue of the local government, distribute the land transfer rent reasonably, and make use of the land transfer rent to improve people's standard of living,