People's Republic Research Articles

Hearts in their hands-Physicians' gestures embodying shared professional knowledge around the world.

The biomedical approach to medical knowledge is widely accepted around the world. This article considers whether the incorporated aspects of physician-patient interaction have become similarly common across the globe by comparing the gestures that physicians use in their interactions with patients. Up to this point, there has been little research on physicians' use of gestures in health-care settings. We explore how-in four university hospitals in Turkey, the People's Republic of China, The Netherlands and Germany-physicians use gesture in their discussions with simulated patients about the condition of heart failure. Our analysis confirms the importance of gestures for organising both the personal interaction and the knowledge transfer between physician and patient. From the perspective of global comparison, it is notable that physicians in all four hospitals used similar gestures. This demonstrates the globality of biomedical knowledge in an embodied mode. Physicians used gestures for a range of purposes, including to convey the idea of an 'anatomical map' and for constructing visual models of (patho-)physiological processes. Since biomedical language is rife with metaphor, it was not surprising that we also identified an accompanying metaphorical gesture which has a similar form in the various locations that were part of the study.

Trilingualism, Education and Ethnic Language Subjectivities

ABSTRACT This study investigates the subjectivities of tertiary students in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR) of the People's Republic of China. Specifically, we investigate self-reported language practices and attitudes in relation to identities in a language ecology with three prominent languages (Zhuang, Standard Chinese [Putonghua], and English). This mixed methods study shows that despite the population size and some educational support, Zhuang language vitality is challenged through subjectivities linked to promotion of Putonghua and Zhuang specific factors (e.g. script and dialectal variations). In addition, the data show multiple interpretations of what mother tongue might mean to people in this region, including those of Zhuang ethnicity. The study leads to insights on multilingualism in this region. It also suggests that a language ecology approach is useful for understanding subjectivities as multifaceted, with multiple influences, helping us better understand why implementation of national policies or community supports on their own are insufficient for language maintenance efforts.

Economic Cooperation of Krasnoyarsk Krai (Territory) with Chinese Regions at the Beginning of the XXI Century (Based on Records of the Krasnoyarsk Krai State Archive)

The article deals with the development of economic cooperation between Krasnoyarsk Krai (Territory) and the regions of China in the first decade of the XXI century. The relevance of the study is in the need to draw on the historical experience of Russia-China relations for the successful development of economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China at the present stage. Currently, China is a priority strategic partner for Russia and a key focus of its foreign policy. Problems of interregional cooperation are in the focus of the study. Krasnoyarsk Krai has been cooperating most closely in economic sphere with three provinces of Northeast China, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, developing cooperation with southern regions of China. At the beginning of the 21st century, Russia's regions developed international cooperation, building on the experience of the previous decade, but in a new historical context. The authors, for the first time ever, introduce the records that they discovered at the Krasnoyarsk Krai State Archive. These documents show the mutual interest of Russian and Chinese regions in developing cooperation in different sectors of the economy and reflect the problems that hampered the development of economic cooperation, the case of Krasnoyarsk Krai in the first decade of the XXI century.

Care as Critique of Care: Public Services, Social Security and Ritual Responsiveness

AbstractSocialist governance and popular sovereignty require state administration of care. In the People's Republic of China (PRC) today, such state care is provided in the form of public services and in the guarantee of social security. Ideally, different levels of government should foster relations of care in local communities and remain responsive to “the people.” Local self-government, relations of mutual support and ritual communities, however, reveal the deficits of state care. Much like general philosophies of care, such local ethics of care propose universal benchmarks against which social practice can be measured. This article outlines the main contours of state care in the post-Mao Zedong PRC, and contrasts its findings with empirical research on public services, social security and ritual responsiveness. Mutual help, neighbourhood communities and ritual practice, in particular, provide alternative models of care. As such, they can be extended and universalized, and offer possibilities for a critique of care.

A Bibliometric Analysis Study on Percutaneous Diskectomy

Abstract
 Objective: Percutaneous discectomy is an important issue in the field of neurosurgery. However, the outputs of scientific publications on this subject are not known. The goal of this study was to add to the body of knowledge by performing a bibliometric analysis of the original scientific studies on percutaneous discectomy that have been published since 1970.
 Material and Method: The literature review was done using the Web of Science database. All articles and citations related to percutaneous discectomy containing the keywords Mesh were searched in the "title" section of the search engine. The articles produced by the countries and their developments was analyzed. The Vosviewer program was utilized to map the coauthorship, keywords, etc. of the articles.
 Results: There was 619 articles between 1983-2021. The first articles were published in 1983 (3 articles). Nearly 73% of the articles have been published since 2000. The leading country on percutaneous discectomy was the People's Republic of China (n=264, 42.649%). Corresponding authors from China, South Korea, the United States of America (USA), Japan and Germany were the most productive authors. The publications from China had 2237 citations (8.47 per article), the publications from South Korea had 3483 citations (34.49 per article). Wooridul Spine Hospital (South Korea) was the mostly publishing affiliation.
 Conclusion: Future research on percutaneous discectomy will be able to benefit from the data collected in this bibliometric study. The majority of the publications originated from China, followed by South Korea and the USA. The number of publications from other countries around the world was very limited. These numbers need to be increased.

Extraction, structural characterization, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides derived from Arctium lappa L.

Arctium lappa L. root has high nutritional and medicinal values and has been identified as a healthy food raw material by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. In the present study, an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-(NH4)2SO4 was used to extract Arctium lappa L. polysaccharides (ALPs) from the Arctium lappa L. roots, the optimal extraction conditions of crude ALPs were optimized by using the single-factor experiment and response surface methodology. The structure and composition of ALPs were determined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At the same time, the antioxidant activity of ALPs was investigated by in vitro antioxidant experiment. The optimized extraction parameters for extraction ALPs were as follows: the PEG relative molecular weight of 6,000, a quality fraction of PEG 25%, a quality fraction of (NH4)2SO4 18%, and an extraction temperature of 80°C. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of ALPs could reach 28.83%. FTIR, SEM and HPLC results showed that ALPs were typical acidic heteropolysaccharides and had uneven particle size distribution, an irregular shape, and a rough surface. The ALPs were chiefly composed of glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 70.19:10.95:11.16:6.90. In addition, the ALPs had intense antioxidant activity in vitro with IC50 values in the ·OH radical (1.732 mg/ml), DPPH radical (0.29 mg/ml), and superoxide anion (0.15 mg/ml) scavenging abilities. The results showed that ATPS was an efficient method to extract polysaccharides and could be used for the extraction of other polysaccharides. These results indicated that ALPs had great prospects as a functional food and could be exploited in multiple fields.

Analysis of the Scope of the Right of Daily Family Agent in The Civil Code of the People 's Republic of China in the Context of live Reward Case

The Article 1060 of the Civil Code of the People 's Republic of China clearly stipulates that “civil legal acts performed by one of the spouses due to the needs of daily life of the family shall be valid for both spouses.’’ The system of daily family agency stipulated in this article is intended to maintain the stability of marriage and family and protect the interests of bona fide counterparts. However, due to the lack of clear provisions on the scope of daily family agency, the phenomenon of different judgments in the same case in judicial practice has been caused in China. In this paper, the author takes the typical case of one using the common property of the couple to reward and the other party 's requesting for return as the starting point, from the perspective of legal interpretation, on the basis of clarifying the concept of daily family agency, defines the specific scope of “family daily life needs” in The Article 1060 of the Civil Code of the People 's Republic of China. Through the study, the author concludes that whether an act belongs to “the right of daily family agency’’ should meet the necessity of purpose and the appropriateness of means in essence, and also require generality and repeatability in form.

Analysis on the Path of Anti monopoly Regulation in the Field of Platform Economy

In the context of the digital economy, the Internet platform economy has gradually matured and developed, gradually flooding the domestic and foreign markets with its intelligence and efficiency. Various platforms such as e-commerce platforms, social platforms, mobile payment platforms, etc. have been integrated into our lives. At the same time, competition in this field is also gradually intensifying. In order to gain competitive advantage, the abuse of market dominance such as big data killing on the platform and restricted trading in one of two options has become increasingly fierce, seriously damaging the network market environment and social public interests, as well as the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and businesses within the platform. This article is mainly based on the "Anti monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China", the "Anti monopoly Guide in the Field of Platform Economy", as well as relevant laws and regulations and relevant cases at home and abroad, providing a certain reference for the maintenance of order in the field of platform economy and the optimization of the platform market environment.

Current health resources required for the management of ankylosing spondylitis in developing areas of China.

Current health resources required for the management of ankylosing spondylitis in developing areas of China.

Role of the sporting and educational organizations at Galychyna in the formation of national self-consciousness and legal culture during the first half of the 20th century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze, study and determine the role of sports and educational organizations and movements of Galychyna in the establishment and further formation of national legal consciousness, as well as the legal culture of the local population. Method. The methodological basis of scientific research was a system of general scientific, special scientific and philosophical methods. Analytical method in combination with the comparative approach was among the main ones, which made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of the influence of sports and educational organizations on the legal awareness and legal culture of the local population during the considered historical period. Results. It was established that a number of political mottos were claimed in the programs and statutes of sports and educational organizations. Thus, the program of «Sokil» organization stated the achievement of the peoples’ «freedom». The struggle for the declaration of an independent state was a key ideology postulated by «Plast». The members of «Sich» popularized the democratic values and wish for freedom dated back to the times of the Cossacks. The influence of the mentioned organizations on the legal awareness and legal culture of the local population of Galychyna was realized through the popularization of historical and legal traditions, in particular the ideas of freedom-loving times of Zaporizhzhya Sich, preservation and propagation of national symbols – coat of arms and flag, emphasizing of the moral and ethical and Christian values. This principle was implemented by «Sokil» and «Plast», approval of statutory ideas and involvement of participants in the liberation struggles and development of the West Ukrainian People's Republic, and in the interwar years – political activity under the frame of legal political parties; spreading the ideas of a healthy lifestyle, physical and military training of young generation. Scientific novelty. A hypothesis about the direct influence of the activity of sports and educational organizations and movements on the formation of national legal awareness and legal culture of the local population, both on purpose (membership and activity within the framework of movements and organizations) and indirectly (educational and legal educational work) is well substantiated. Practical significance. The achieved results can be used in the process of further historical and legal research, preparation of dedicated special courses, as well as in the study of the history of the state and law of Ukraine, the history of education about the state and law.

Integration of multiomics with precision nutrition for gestational diabetes: Study protocol for the Westlake Precision Birth Cohort

Integration of multiomics with precision nutrition for gestational diabetes: Study protocol for the Westlake Precision Birth Cohort

Managerial and Engineering Solutions in the Contemporary Construction of China

Introduction. The construction industry trends are developing towards the growth of the share of unique buildings and structures. However finding the managerial and engineering solutions for implementation of such projects becomes a problem due to the lack of experience in construction of such facilities. This situation leads to the problems caused by the breach of the construction deadlines, increase of the project cost and deterioration of the quality of performed works. The purpose of this research was to study the contemporary construction experience of the People's Republic of China taking construction of a unique bridge structure as an example.Materials and Methods. The analysis methods were used in the research to analyse the information obtained in the frame of studying the organisation of construction of the bridge structure load-bearing part. Key points affecting the efficiency and quality of construction were highlighted.Results. As a result of the research it was determined that in construction of the unique facilities the primary attention should be paid to the construction preparation stage, including consideration of possibility of additional funding. The implementation of the project-based approach to the development of complex investment and construction projects is a prerequisite for the successful completion of construction. The introduction of a weekly-daily planning system allows monitoring and taking timely actions to eliminate the problems arising during construction. Training and retraining of management personnel and specialists allow making qualified decisions as the project progresses.Discussion and Conclusions. This study has not only theoretical but also practical significance. The methods and technical solutions accepted in construction of a unique bridge structure in China can be used in other regions of the PRC and in the Russian Federation. These approaches will help to successfully implement the complex investment and construction projects with proper quality, in due time and within the allocated budget.

Adapting to Détente: US Policy on Korean Unification in 1968-1973

The article studies the history of the US foreign policy adaptation to détente that started in the late 1960s. By this time the Americans had strong military and political positions on the Korean peninsula. Washington managed to thwart DPRK attempts in 1966–1969 to destabilize the situation in the South. Americans saw growing inter-Korean contacts as a new challenge. With détente gaining momentum, this led to the obsolescence of some American foreign policy instruments in the region, including the US-controlled UN Commission on the Unification and Rebuilding of Korea. Another challenge for the Americans was the North Koreans' «diplomatic offensive,» which strengthened North Korea's position in the world. It tried to use the accumulated political weight to turn the annual debate on the Korean issue in the UN General Assembly from a formality to something real. At the same time, the military threat posed by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, for example, in the 1973–1975 conflict along the Northern Boundary Line, remained relevant.Nevertheless, in 1968–1973 the Americans succeeded in reshaping their policy toward Korea under conditions of a dramatic improvement in the international situation of the DPRK and settlement of US-Chinese relations. The Americans managed to eliminate the obsolete UN Commission on the Unification and Restoration of Korea with minimal losses. They ensured that the discussion of the Korean question in the United Nations would not have a destructive influence on the internal political life of the South. Under these conditions, the inter-Korean dialogue remained merely a political game of the regimes on the peninsula. Preserving the status quo in the region was the main result of US diplomacy’s manipulative techniques. Such approaches are still relevant for the modern US foreign policy – getting rid of international instruments, which have exhausted their purpose.

Correction

United European Gastroenterology JournalEarly View CORRECTIONOpen Access Correction This article corrects the following: The role of gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis and prognosis Jiaying Zheng, Qianru Sun, Jingwan Zhang, Siew C. Ng, Volume 10Issue 10United European Gastroenterology Journal pages: 1091-1102 First Published online: December 3, 2022 First published: 07 March 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/ueg2.12371AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat In the article entitled “The role of gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis and prognosis,”1 the funding information was missing. The following text should have appeared in the article: This study was (partially) funded by InnoHK, The Government of Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, National Nature Science Foundation of China (82100573) and Croucher Senior Medical Research Fellowship. REFERENCE 1Zheng J, Sun Q, Zhang J, Ng SC. The role of gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis and prognosis. United European Gastroenterol J. 2022; 10(10): 1091– 102. https://doi.org/10.1002/ueg2.12338 Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue ReferencesRelatedInformation

KEDAULATAN DAN YURIDIKSI NEGARA DALAM PRESPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL: SENGKETA PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN NATUNA

ABSTRACT
 
 According to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, humans are social creatures (Zoon Politicon) which means society, that humans need each other, therefore law exists for public order. ? As in the writing of this scientific paper, it is aimed to find out the basis of international law for measuring the territorial borders of a country, in this case the dispute over the dispute over the Natuna territory in the South China Sea. Whereas in writing this scientific paper, normative juridical research methods are used, namely data collection techniques using reference books from competent legal experts and the basics of international law through International Organizational Instruments. From the legal facts found in the historical perspective and international law that the dispute in the waters of the Natuna Islands is a legitimate sovereign territory belonging to the Republic of Indonesia, the People's Republic of China only claims unilaterally without a valid international legal basis.

Indirect impacts of future urban expansion on ecosystem services in the transnational area of China, North Korea, and Russia

AbstractAssessing the indirect impacts of urban expansion on ecosystem services is important for understanding the cascading effect of urbanization on the environment. However, few studies have assessed the indirect impacts of urban expansion on ecosystem services. In this study, the indirect impacts of urban expansion on ecosystem services refer to the impacts of cropland displacement on ecosystem services, which is triggered by urban expansion. Taking the transnational area of Changbai Mountain as a study area, we assessed the indirect impacts of urban expansion on ecosystem services during 2015–2050. We first quantified three key ecosystem services, that is, carbon storage (CS), water retention (WR), and air purification (AP). Then, the future urban expansion and cropland displacement were simulated by using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and the zoned Land Use Scenario Dynamics‐urban (LUSD‐urban) model. Finally, the indirect impacts of urban expansion on ecosystem services were assessed. The results indicated that influenced by the cropland displacement, the CS, WR, and AP will decrease by 0.03%–0.16%, 0.01%–0.06%, and 0.03%–0.16%, respectively. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea's (DPRK) side will be the foremost region of ecosystem service indirect losses. The indirect losses of ecosystem services on the DPRK's side will be significantly higher than those on the Chinese side and Russian side. Meanwhile, on the DPRK's side, the indirect losses of CS and AP will be 1.01–1.74‐times and 1.01–1.67‐times the direct losses of these two ecosystem services, respectively. In addition, cropland displacement will cause significant trade‐offs between food provisioning services and regulation services. To promote sustainable development in this transnational area, we propose to make effective land‐use policies to optimize cropland displacement and take ecosystem services as effective tools to guide land‐use planning.

Current Anesthesia Practices of Pediatric Cardiac Surgeries in Tertiary Maternity and Children's Hospitals in China: A National Survey

To describe the current development of Chinese pediatric cardiac anesthesia practices. Descriptive research study. This study used electronic questionnaires. The authors searched the official website of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China for tertiary maternity and children's hospitals across the country. Tertiary maternity and children's hospitals. All representatives of the invited hospitals were asked to report the official statistics of their hospitals whenever possible. The survey questions were related to the geographic distribution and caseloads of pediatric cardiac surgical resources, technical capacities, anesthetic regimens, monitoring practices, and qualification requirements of anesthesiologists. A total of 130 hospitals were confirmed, using the registration information of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, and 108 hospitals agreed to participate in this study. All enrolled hospitals completed the questionnaires, of which 52 could perform cardiac surgeries and were located in provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities across the country, except for the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Tibet Autonomous Region. The authors found that most hospitals' caseload of pediatric cardiac surgeries was relatively small (<500 cases per year). Hospitals capable of performing high-risk pediatric cardiac surgeries are mainly located in Eastern China. Most hospitals prefer total intravenous anesthesia in cardiac surgeries, and commonly used anesthetics include propofol, sufentanil, rocuronium, and cisatracurium. Except for the basic intraoperative monitoring items (including electrocardiography, invasive blood pressure, central venous pressure, pulse oxygen saturation, intake-output volume, and body temperature), bispectral index and near-infrared spectroscopy are relatively commonly used in some hospitals. Postoperative analgesia for children undergoing cardiac surgeries was provided in 38 hospitals, and an intravenous analgesia pump was the most widely used analgesia measure. In addition, the most frequently mentioned qualification requirements for pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists in these hospitals specializing in cardiac surgeries were a further study in domestic hospitals specializing in cardiac surgeries and the professional titles of the attending doctors. Pediatric cardiac medical resources are mainly concentrated in Eastern China, and most hospitals capable of performing high-risk cardiac surgeries are located in the eastern part of the country. The authors found that pediatric cardiac anesthesia practices varied widely among the hospitals, and the main problem with pediatric cardiac anesthesia in China is that there is no systemic fellowship training curriculum at present; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a fellowship training curriculum to further improve the quality of Chinese pediatric cardiac anesthesia.

Evolution of anti-malaria policies and measures in P.R. China for achieving and sustaining malaria-free.

Malaria is a major public health threat worldwide, and it was also widely prevalent in the history in China, seriously endangering people's health and affecting socioeconomic development. China was certified malaria elimination in 2021 with unremitting efforts since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949. This great achievement has been another milestone in the fight against major infectious diseases following the elimination of smallpox, poliomyelitis, leprosy, filariasis, neonatal tetanus and blinding trachoma in China. This paper briefly introduces the malaria burden dynamics and the corresponding malaria transmission risk stratificantions, as well as systematically reviews the evolution of anti-malaria policies and measures from severe epidemic to elimination in China. Meanwhile, five key lessons in malaria control and elimination in China are also briefly summarized. All of the above provide evidences for promoting global malaria eradication and preventing reestablishment of malaria transmission, finally benefit all individuals still suffering from the scourge of malaria.

Prospects for the Use of Hybrid Thermal Power Plants with Applying Solar Technologies in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Energy Sector

There is an inextricable relationship and interdependence between the conditions of meeting energy consumption demands and environmental pollution. The interaction of these two factors and the development of production forces are gradually drawing attention to the problem of interaction between the thermal power engineering and environment. At the thermal power engineering early development stage, the main manifestation of this attention was the search in the environment for resources necessary to meet the energy consumption demands and stable energy supply to enterprises and residential buildings. In the subsequent, the problem boundaries were extended to the possibilities of a more complete use of natural resources through the search and improvement of processes and technology, extraction and enrichment, processing and combustion of fuel, as well as improvement of thermal power facilities. One of the ways to further develop thermal power plants and reduce their environmental impact is hybridization of solar technologies with conventional power plants. To overcome the limitations of simple cycle power plants, a method for hybridizing conventional power plants with solar technologies and its influence on performance are considered. The solar technologies used in the global energy sector are briefly overviewed. The efficiency of using hybrid power plants is studied with reference to the People's Republic of Bangladesh, which is one of the world’s sunniest and actively developing regions. The state of the republic’s energy sector, climatic features, and the possibility of using solar technologies for local conditions are analyzed. A solar thermal power plant model with a parabolic collector is considered; the efficiency of such power plants is analyzed, and technologies for using a combined-cycle power plant (CCPP) jointly with a solar steam generator for electricity generation are overviewed. The schemes of combined-cycle power plants with a solar steam generator were numerically analyzed. The analysis results have shown that during the summer state peak, the use of the integrated power unit makes it possible to additionally obtain approximately 6.5% of the unit total power output in comparison with a similar classical CCPP, but without using the field of solar collectors and a solar steam generator. The use of one modern GE 9371FB gas turbine unit produced by General Electric makes it possible to increase the net efficiency by 3.9% and bring the combined cycle net efficiency up to 59%. The improvements in the power unit are carried out with the minimal impact on the combined cycle operation due to a limited contribution from the solar energy based steam generation system. The integrated system makes it possible to cut the capital costs for the power plant construction. The combination of a CCPP with a solar installation will open the possibility to construct a highly maneuverable power unit with high efficiency indicators.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Air Transport Industry

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's civil aviation industry has been developing rapidly and occupies an important position in the country's economy and transportation, at the beginning of 2020, the world broke out in a large-scale epidemic -- COVID-19. During this period, all walks of life suffered a huge impact. A large number of enterprises went bankrupt due to high risk and insufficient response capacity. What are the major effects on the financials of company and what are the main reasons that cause this substantial change? With the liberalization of national policies and the transformation of the epidemic, tourism has gradually recovered. Nowadays, this kind of topic becomes more and more popular, some people have become interested in what’s going on of the airline company especially the stocks. To see how the China Southern airline worked and operated to affect the financials during COVID-19, that is the reason why this paper needs financial analyze to tell people.