Kazakhstani Research Articles

GET-RICH-QUICK SCHEMES’ IMPACT ON PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF STOCK MARKET INVESTMENT IN KAZAKHSTAN

At this moment, only 1% of people in Kazakhstan invest in the stock market. Apart from the lack of financial education, the increasing number of seemingly legitimate fraudulent financial schemes influence the public’s perception of the stock market. This research investigates the public perceptions of investment fraud, the difference between stock market investment and financial schemes, and the consequences of confusing the two concepts. Through a survey and an interview, the research yields qualitative and quantitative data. Although the majority of the people (75%) are aware that the stock market is not a scam, a higher majority (89%) believe it is risky. Fraudsters often capitalize on the victims’ ignorance. Often get-rich-schemes are unlicensed, unregulated, and lacks transparency while offering a high amount of returns for a small investment. Therefore, raising the public's awareness will encourage them to engage in stock market investing and avoid being scammed.

Ұлы Отан соғысы жылдарындағы Жамбыл облысы

The Great Patriotic War is one of the bloodiest massacres in the history of mankind. Every year, the number of living witnesses of the war — veterans and home front workers, frontline soldiers — decreases. In order to preserve the memory about the feat of soldiers who died on the bloody front for future generations, it is becoming more and more relevant to study the topic of war and give a reliable historical assessment of the feats of Kazakhstanis shown at the front. Current issues concerning the history of the war require revision, because so many millions of people died in this war, and on the home front thousands of people worked selflessly for the benefit of the war. Present times require to rethink the tragic pages of history of the people of Kazakhstan who survived this tragic period, and to give a true assessment of their heroism. Since independence, many of the data from the Archive Fund have entered scientific circulation and been published, but an extensive set of unpublished historical data has been formed. However, the quantitative data related to the soldiers in the war still needs to be clarified. Zhambyl soldiers also took part in the war, there are wounded, dead, heroically distinguished, as well as missing. A number of military formations formed on the Kazakh land went to war, and their deeds, on the home front and battle front and were an integral part of the history of the war. Therefore, it is necessary to study the history of the war and the fate of people, including the history of the military life of the Zhambyl people. This article offers a study about their feats based on data on the participation of Zhambyl residents in military operations during the Great Patriotic War.

Principles and Historical Factors of Consent in Forming the Unity of the People of Kazakhstan

In the modern world, it is difficult to find a problem that is more urgent than the achievement of agreement between different cultural and civilizational paradigms and coordination of actions. The article provides for the analysis of the theoretical concept of consent in the historical development of Kazakhstan, taking into account the strategies of the global dialogue of cultures and the explication of this concept in the Kazakh public space. The formation of the Kazakh concept of consent and its main principles in the history of Kazakhstan is revealed.

Abay's teaching "Tolyk adam" and modern tendencies in solving the problem of the whole man

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that under the conditions of the need for accelerated modernization of almost all spheres of activity for countries in transition, which includes the Republic of Kazakhstan, the factor of consolidation of the people of Kazakhstan is of great importance. An important factor of consolidation in the countries of the catch-up type, in which all types of initiatives come mainly from the power elites, is the factor of spiritual leaders, national samples-ideals uniting the citizens of Kazakhstan. The great Kazakh poet, thinker, philosopher Abay Kunanbayev can be such a spiritual leader, a national example-ideal, uniting the multi-ethnic and multi-confessional people of Kazakhstan. The purpose and novelty of this study is to identify the relevance, modernity and relevance of the philosophical content of Abay's teaching "tolyk adam" (whole man) to modern trends in addressing the fundamental philosophical problem of wholeness, the wholeness principle and based on these trends the new understanding of the phenomenon of spirituality, which is the essence of the modern understanding of the whole man. The author, based on the thesis that the basis of the Kazakh type of philosophizing are ethical approaches to solving the problems of the essence of man, the essence of being, defines the ethical basis of Abay's teachings "tolyk adam" on the example of his poems and prose ("Words of Edification"). The author shows that, according to Abay, the whole man is a man realized in intersubjective being, the object of which is intersubjective being, it is a man aspiring to knowledge, moral and purposeful in his cognitive and spiritual intensions. Strong intensions to the problems of spirituality, according to Abai, constitute in his ideas the core of the whole man. And this approach is very modern and relevant in the context of the problems of globalization and modernization in the spiritual sphere. Abay's teaching "tolyk adam" is not only the quintessence of Abay's grasp of the thought of his modern era, but also a philosophical teaching that is relevant to modern new approaches to the fundamental problems of modernity.

Methodological bases of the three-link model criminal proceedings (based on materials of the r epublic of Kazakhstan)

In his address to the people of Kazakhstan “Kazakhstan in the New Reality: Time for Action” dated 1 September 2020, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan K.-Zh. Tokayev charged all branches of the state power to introduce a three-link model of the criminal process with a clear division of powers, based on maintaining a balance in the system of checks and balances, and creating effective filters at each stage. The implementation of this instruction requires the authorized bodies to solve a set of tasks, which, taken together, should create the right conditions for the effective functioning of the system: “police officer – prosecutor – court”. The experience of the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is seen as the basis for such a model. The main advantage of such model, as the President of RK K.-J.K. Tokayev states, is to weaken the prosecution and to prevent illegal interference in criminal proceedings. The purpose of the study is to establish methodological foundations for the introduction of the European model of criminal proceedings in the criminal process of Kazakhstan. The idea of the research: the national model of criminal proceedings should be close to the European model, but not be a copy of it.  Scientific Significance of the work: formulation of scientific prerequisites for legitimate adaptation of the Kazakhstani model of criminal proceedings to the European model. Practical significance: formulation of proposals for amendments and additions to the current Criminal Procedure Code of the RK. Methodology of research: a set of methods of logical-legal analysis of law norms, comparativism, dialectical approach to processes of transformation of legal phenomena into legal phenomena. Value of the conducted research: filling of certain gaps in the methodology of research of problems in the sphere of criminal procedural law. The results of the study has a practical orientation and can be used in the law-making activities related to the improvement of norms of the current Criminal Procedure Code of RK. Keywords: three-link model of criminal procedure, methodology, constitutional law, human rights protection in criminal proceedings.

Kazakhstan's universities in world rankings: trends, driving forces and problems

The promotion of Kazakhstani higher education institutions (HEI) in world university rankings is one of the priorities of the public policy in the field of higher education. The corresponding target indicators are reflected both in the President’s adresses to the people of Kazakhstan and in the state programs for the development of education and science. This strategy of the state is aimed at improving the quality of educational services in higher education and transforming Kazakhstani HEI into research universities, which in the future should become hubs for an innovative, knowledge-based economy. This article analyzes the indicators for assessing universities in the world rankings QS, THE, positions and scores of Kazakhstani universities. The strategic documents of several universities of Kazakhstan, as well as internal mechanisms aimed at achieving target indicators for advancement in world rankings, are considered. It was found that Kazakhstani universities are gaining higher scores on indicators related to academic and reputation activities. The level of funding, attracting young talents and leading scientists, including foreign ones, publication activity in the world’s leading journals are the main factors in promoting the university in world rankings, directly and indirectly influencing its position. Key words: world university rankings, Kazakhstani HEI, target indicators, internal rating systems.

Survey on the current situation of teaching spoken Chinese as a foreign language in Kazakhstan: a case study of the international Kazakh-Chinese language college in Almaty

Oral communicative competence is the core ability for second language learners to conduct daily communication. In order to get close to the current situation of spoken Chinese teaching in the classrooms of indigenous Kazakhstan people, this survey takes the Chinese classroom of the International Kazakh-Chinese Language College as a case study. Mainly using interviews and naturalistic observation of classroom, this study examined not only the teaching practices but also the concepts and attitudes of the teachers and students in the school regarding the teaching of spoken Chinese and the development of oral communicative competence. The paper discussed several defects of the spoken Chinese teaching in the school in four dimensions: teacher quality, textbook resources, teaching methods, as well as testing and assessment. According to the general situation of Chinese language teaching in Kazakhstan, the reasons for these problems are analyzed in the context and suggestions for improvement are put forward. Key words: Kazakhstan, Chinese language, oral teaching in classroom

Modeling the dynamical ethnic processes in multinational society

PurposeThe problem of ethnic conflicts and unrest is at the forefront in a diverse world today. This paper aims to identify ways of resolving social conflicts and establishing a balanced way of taking into account the diverse interests of a multinational society.Design/methodology/approachModeling of dynamical ethnic processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan was based on the Parson's sociological scheme and the Nash equilibrium theory. The model consists of differential equations describing the development of four ethnic subsystems: political system, economic system, societal community and Institute of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan. This model allows investigating how the interests of various ethnic groups change over time and identifying the states of equilibrium in which the interests of all groups are satisfied.FindingsThe results of computer simulation showed that one of the solutions to the problem of social stability is establishing social equilibrium. For this, the Institute of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan (APK Institute) must take changes that occur within ethnic groups into account. The proposed model can reveal states of equilibrium with respect to positive and negative dynamic processes that exist between different ethnic groups.Originality/valueThe proposed model can be used to predict changes in social behavior and find balance between ethnic subsystems in the research on ethnic processes in multinational countries to early detect conflicts of interest and crisis situations. Future studies will benefit from expanding the range of subsystems that can affect alterations in the ethnic community.

Value Orientations of Modern Kazakhstanis

Background & Objective: Values are a good indicator for tracking social and individual changes due to historical, social and personal events. Therefore, it is important to explore the values of modern Kazakhstanis and determine the dialectical relationship of integrity, stability, and dynamics in the invariance of the system of value orientations during socio-economic, political, religious, aesthetic, and cultural-historical changes in post-Soviet society. Comprehending the problem of transformation and transmission of values will allow us to consider the underlying psychological processes influencing the formation of personal values. This research aimed to study the value orientations of modern Kazakhstanis of the post-Soviet period in the context of gender and age factors. Methods: The study involved 305 respondents, of which 192 were women and 113 were men, while the age of 202 respondents ranged from 18 to 25 years, and that of 103 respondents ranged from 50 to 65 years. For the study of value orientations, the “Modified Questionnaire of Values” (PVQ-R) by S. Schwartz was used. Results: In the system of value orientations of Kazakhstanis, an internal conflict can be traced between personal and social focus, and between self-determination and self-affirmation. Two generations are differentiated by the following values: the value of Achievement, Social complexity, and Control of fate. The two sexes are differentiated by values such as Social cynicism, Control of fate, Stimulation, Personal Security, Modesty, Universalism-Tolerance, Benevolence-Care and Benevolence-Sense of duty. Conclusion: Despite the late deep transformations of Kazakhstani society, the value orientations of modern Kazakhstanis tend to preserve the basic value component, which is a mechanism of transferring the stable elements of the value system of a highly collective culture from generation to generation. The value orientations of Kazakhstani people of both young and older generations are realized through mechanisms of growth and development, and self-defense.

Towards local sustainability: Social capital as a community insurance in Kazakhstan

This article focuses on how social capital, in the form of trust, reciprocal relations, and networks, has contributed to the sustainability of local communities in Kazakhstan in the face of various political and socioeconomic challenges. Drawing on qualitative data, we provide historical evidence of the persistence of locally derived social capital and investigate the ways in which it contributed to local sustainability in Kazakhstan. We first discuss how people in Kazakhstan have historically built and developed networks, reciprocal relations, and mutual trust under different political and economic institutions, for example, in the form of reciprocal labor aid as part of nomadic culture (e.g., “Asar”) and collective funds (e.g., “Kotel”) during Soviet times. We then offer an in-depth understanding of social capital as a form of insurance for local communities, and how it facilitates socioeconomic interactions in contemporary Kazakh society. This study contributes to the understanding of this traditional sense of trust and communal cooperation, as well as its viability in the context of a market economy.

ASSESSMENT OF PERCEPTION OF CHINA IN THE KAZAKHSTANI SOCIETY: MYTHS AND REALITY

The article examines the image of China in Kazakhstani society, analyzes the perception and attitude of Kazakhstan’s population towards China. Based on the results of a survey of Kazakhstan’s population (N = 2,594) and an expert survey (N = 23), the authors identify the principal stereotypes about China in the mass perception of Kazakhstanis. Also, the authors assess the level of awareness of the population about China and its projects and the perception by the Kazakhstani people of the economic, political and socio-cultural influence of Kazakhstan’s eastern neighbor. In addition, the article examines the attitude of Kazakhstanis to bilateral cooperation between Kazakhstan and China and the manifestations of Sinophobia in Kazakhstani society and identifies the main factors of anti-Chinese sentiments in society. The article also presents the authors’ original model of the China Perception Index in Kazakhstan, which consists of four parameters that reveal the level of cultural, economic and political perception of the country’s eastern neighbor. The results of the study establish that the general attitude of the Kazakhstani society towards China is neutral. The main factor that influences the perception of China is the degree of the Chinese investors’ presence in the region. The study proves the correlation between the duration of the presence of Chinese investors and the scale of business, on the one hand, and the level of perception, on the other: the longer the history of presence in the region, the less positive the attitude of the population towards China. Along with this, the study demonstrates a positive relationship between educational achievements and the China Perception Index. Thus, Kazakhstani citizens with an academic degree (Index = 0.24) have a significantly more positive attitude towards China, compared to those with a secondary technical and vocational education (Index = 0.09).

INFLUENCE OF ENGLISH BORROWINGS ON THE CULTURE AND SPEECH OF KAZAKHSTANI YOUTH

Being a living structure, the language is constantly evolving, including with the help of borrowings. It is impossible to stop this process. It is easier for young people to express their thoughts and feelings in a foreign language, rather than using fixed expressions in their native language. All this is happening as a result of increased information flows, the emergence of the global computer network – “the Internet”, the development of the world economic market, international tourism, and cultural ties. Today, the study of borrowings as manifestations of the interaction of different languages with each other is not the last among the problems of modern linguistics, and therefore, the attention of domestic and foreign researchers is directed to this issue. English plays a big role in the life of young people of Kazakhstan, who actively use foreign words in everyday life. In their opinion, it sounds beautiful and fashionable.The borrowing and use of words of foreign origin is a consequence of linguistic contacts influenced not only by historical and cultural factors, but also by the growing influence of the mass media.This article is dedicated to finding the peculiarities of the influence of English borrowings on the culture and speech of Kazakhstani youth.Being a living structure, the language is constantly evolving, including with the help of borrowings. It is impossible to stop this process. It is easier for young people to express their thoughts and feelings in a foreign language, rather than using fixed expressions in their native language. All this is happening as a result of increased information flows, the emergence of the global computer network – “the Internet”, the development of the world economic market, international tourism, and cultural ties. Today, the study of borrowings as manifestations of the interaction of different languages with each other is not the last among the problems of modern linguistics, and therefore, the attention of domestic and foreign researchers is directed to this issue. English plays a big role in the life of young people of Kazakhstan, who actively use foreign words in everyday life. In their opinion, it sounds beautiful and fashionable.The borrowing and use of words of foreign origin is a consequence of linguistic contacts influenced not only by historical and cultural factors, but also by the growing influence of the mass media.This article is dedicated to finding the peculiarities of the influence of English borrowings on the culture and speech of Kazakhstani youth.

Problem of labor migration of youth in Kazakhstan

The purpose of the study is to analyze the issues of labor migration of young people in Kazakhstan. The article identifies the main causes of labor migration of young people to other countries, proves that improvements of the labor market of young people, the problem of labor migration of young people should not remain without the attention of the state. The information source of the study was taken as a basis for the analysis of data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. To solve the tasks, systematic and logical approaches, methods of analysis, deduction, and induction to form a general idea of the state of youth migration in the Kazakhstan labor market were used. The categories of migration and its economic content are considered, which allows to characterize the essence of labor migration. The scientific and practical significance of the study is that the conclusions obtained in the course of the study are applicable to the problem of labor migration of young people and its solution, make a significant contribution to the development of the labor market economy. The article analyzes the problems of youth labor migration in Kazakhstan, identifies the main causes of youth labor migration to other countries, and suggests the need for a state solution to the problem of youth labor migration in improving the youth labor market.

Stratification of Youth Employment and Departure Abroad with the Purpose of Work: Kazakhstan and Neighboring Countries

Recently, especially given the consequences of COVID-19, external migration processes have become more intense. In Kazakhstan and other neighboring post-Soviet countries, a certain social imbalance is associated with the protracted transition period from the Soviet past to the social order and economy of the future. A widening gap exists between the countries of this region associated with geopolitics; for example, states have to choose the Western or Eastern geopolitical vector of development. Russia has a dramatic effect on the development, economy, and migration of neighboring states with a weaker economy. In this regard, the research focuses on the study of key drivers, factors, and reasons affecting this imbalance in the context of the social strata of Kazakhstan. Based on economic and statistical analysis methods, the study analyzes the current migration situation in Kazakhstan and the CIS region, assesses the level of adaptation of citizens of Kazakhstan to the changing environment and globalization that affects the young population; the mechanism of the influence of regional vectors of geopolitics on Kazakhstan is also determined. Apart from this, the current work examines the propensity of young people to migrate abroad (expressed using an integrated indicator) and provides a regression analysis of factors affecting its level. This allowed assessing the degree of influence of the youth unemployment rate and the general welfare of the country on the inclination to go overseas to find a better job. The paper concludes by arguing that the level of unemployment among the young population has a significant impact on its tendency to migrate. In particular, in Kazakhstan, migration abroad is primarily connected with the possibility to get better career prospects and living conditions provided by the host countries.The research results could be used to manage socio-political and socio-economic issues related to the migration of young people in Kazakhstan and neighboring countries and conduct further research related to analyzing macroeconomic indicators and other factors affecting migration processes.

From Akmolinsk to Nur-Sultan: the Influence of the State Ideology on Developing the Official City Symbols

The article studies the development processes of the official (city) symbols of the current capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan at different stages of the city's history. The influence of the state ideology on development of the symbolic space of Kazakhstani territories is analyzed by the example of this city. The authors show how heraldic symbols were created in various historical periods: during the time the Kazakh zhuzes were part of the Russian Empire, then during the period of the Kazakh SSR in the USSR and, finally, in the years after the emergence of the independent Republic of Kazakhstan. It is noted that the symbolic space of the city of Nur-Sultan changed at different stages of the city's existence and largely depended on the practice of spreading political ideology. Thus, the first stage is analyzed in terms of the influence of the Russian Empire ideology, including the theory of «official nationality», the second stage shows the role of the Soviet propaganda system of Marxist-Leninist ideology, the third stage is assessed in terms of the influence of ideology aimed at consolidating the multinational Kazakhstan people. When N.A. Nazarbayev had come to power the course of the country's long-term development was defined, it was aimed at strengthening the unity of society and creating a new national capital. This strategy was implemented including with the help of a symbolic space — the official city symbols (coat of arms, flag). The authors note that at this stage the symbolism begins to reflect to a greater extent the historical and cultural traditions of the country. At the same time, Nur-Sultan is positioned both as a «national capital» and as a city for all nations living in Kazakhstan.

БИЛИНГВАЛ ТАЪЛИМ –ҚОЗОҒИСТОНДАГИ ЎЗБЕК МАКТАБЛАРИДА

This article refers to the activities of the Assembly of the peoples of Kazakhstan, as well as the blingval and multilingual education circles used in Uzbek schools in Uzbekistan. It was also noted that unity and harmony are now one of the main principles of Kazakhstan's policy, and one of the basic principles of national policy is to ensure interethnic harmony and harmony for such a multinational and multi-confessional country like Kazakhstan.Index Terms:Year of Kazakhstan Assembly of the peoples of Kazakhstan, harmony of the nation, Uzbek schools blinval education, multilingual education, Uzbek cultural centers

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ЭТНОДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ПОСТСОВЕТСКОГО КАЗАХСТАНА И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СОГЛАШЕНИЯ

The article discusses the description of the history of the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan. A large cycle of materials is based on the data from population censuses and materials of Kazakhstani researchers. A special study of the ethno-demographic growth of post-Soviet Kazakhstan was carried out. Ethno-demographic growth is divided into periods based on history. The arrival of many peoples in Kazakhstan and their history, political decisions of independent Kazakhstan on the way to interethnic harmony are considered. The emergence of ethnic groups in Kazakhstan is a great political event. The decline of the Kazakh population and the increase in the number of representatives of other nationalities have led to a change in the ethnodemography of Kazakhstan. The country has created a unique and effective mechanism for implementing national policy, interethnic and interreligious dialogue through the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan. Special attention is paid to the description of the activities of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan. The Institute has come to the conclusion that it ensures the revival of ethnic identity and culture, forms a single political, legal and cultural platform for ethnic processes and contributes to the preservation of peace and harmony in the country. In general, thanks to the work of the Assembly in our country there is a unique model of interethnic and interfaith harmony, a special atmosphere of trust, solidarity, mutual under-standing, where every citizen, regardless of nationality and religion, can fully enjoy the civil rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution, all necessary conditions for the development of traditions. It was noted that the activities of the Assembly contribute to increasing the international prestige of Kazakhstan as a country that effectively solves issues of interethnic relations.

The integration of cultures: music of the people of Kazakhstan

The article is devoted to the consideration and study of the creativity of the most prominent representatives of the musical art of national ethnic groups, the role of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, the identification of various criteria for the relationship of ethnic groups living in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the peculiarities of their life, way of life, spheres of life, their relationship and views on the modern State, created by the first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Nursultan Nazarbayev. The core of the projects completed in the period from 2012 to 2017 includes not only historical facts and materials found from the State Archives, Central Scientific Library and the National Library of the Republic of Kazakhstan, but also an overview of active participation in many events related to the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, to the 20th and 25th anniversaries of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, associated with the considered ethnocultural centers and representatives of certain ethnic groups. Through the media, participation in international scientific and practical conferences, previously unknown facts of the studied ethnic groups were highlighted, and their relationship with the main population of the republic, their contribution to the multinational culture of Kazakhstan, which in turn confirms the prudent, orderly, and wise policy of Elbasy (The Head of the State). The authors use the following methods in the study: historical-chronological, source study, analytical, comparative, and interviewing. Since 2012, in Kazakh musicology, the musical heritage of ethnic groups inhabiting Kazakhstan has been studied. A unique opportunity for a full-fledged study of their work is presented thanks to the activities of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan and systematic state policy, under the leadership of the First President. In 2017, the second book, entitled "The Historical Significance of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan in Interethnic Cultural Integration", was published, which became a fruitful result of the research project in 2015–2017. This book is a kind of continuation of the series, which began in the previous collective monograph "The Musical Art of the People of Kazakhstan", which was published at the end of 2014 and has undergone extensive testing not only among professionals, but also among fans of the musical culture of multinational Kazakhstan. Such research projects, which were not previously carried out in the domestic humanitarian science, are significant and in demand, since before their appearance in domestic musicology there were only separate reports on the activities of cultural centers, articles in the media and on Internet sites, a brief analysis of the work of specific masters in publications devoted to the study of the history of musical art of numerous national cultures. They give only fragmentary ideas about the art of the ethnic groups in question. The relevance and insufficient elaboration of these problems served as the basis for the study "The historical significance of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan in interethnic cultural integration", carried out by the Department of Musicology of the M. Auezov Institute of Literature and Art of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The implementation of such a complex and significant topic for the national musical art, coverage of the activities of large cultural centers of different ethnic groups, and much more makes it possible to determine the contribution of each of them to the history of Kazakhstan's development and outline ways to preserve the traditional folklore heritage and identity. In this regard, these projects are relevant and socially and politically significant at the state level.

The Tradition “Kyz Uzatu” Among the Turkic Peoples of the City of Turkestan

In Kazakhstan, more than a hundred nationalities live peacefully and preserve their culture, traditions and customs. In this regard, despite the differences in the traditions of the Turkic peoples of Kazakhstan, they also have similarities. This article examines the Kyz uzatu tradition of the Kazakh, Uzbek and Mesket Turks living in the city of Turkestan. For the Turkic society, the family is the most important concept that ensures unity and solidarity, as well as the continuity of generations. In Turkic society, marriage is a condition for creating a family. For this reason, we tried to compare the tradition of bridesmaids among the Turkic peoples, which is the subject of our research. Our research, which used analytical and comparative methods, analyzed a variety of sources related to the topic. The findings have been refined in terms of differences and similarities. As a result of our research, it was noticed that in the culture of the Turkic peoples living in Turkestan, great importance is attached to the “Kyz Uzatu” tradition. Thus, the changes in wedding traditions under the influence of modern technology were demonstrated.

THE ROLE OF AL-FARABI AND ABAY KUNANBAYEV IN THE FORMATION OF THE IDENTITY OF THE KAZAKH PEOPLE IN THE XXI CENTURY

Historical figures, cultural values and historical memory play a huge role in the formation of the identity of every nation.In determining any national identity, every individual tries to find a decent response to the question : "Who are we?". By answering this question, each nation determines its own national identity. For example, French, English, Kazakh national identity, etc. This article focuses on the peculiarities of the formation of modern statehood’s national identity and the role of historical figures on it. At the time of the declaration of independence of any state, to form state institutions and national identity are the most important and honourable tasks which have to be done at first. On the basis of the decree of President Q.Zh Tokayev K. 2020 has been announced for the anniversary of the two most prominient thinkers the 150th anniversary of Abay Kunanbayev, and 1150th years anniversary since the birth of Al-Faraby. The article analyse the role of Al-Farabi and Abay Kunanbayev in the formation of the national identity of the Kazakh people in the XXI century. The purpose of the article is to identify the peculiarities of the formation of national identity through the image of historical intellectual personalities on the example of Kazakhstan. In order to achieve this goal, the article used the method of retrospective analysis. Analyzing the historical role of Al-Farabi and Abay Kunanbayev, defined to what extend influenced the Abay’s, Faraby’s historical role to the formation of the national identity of the people of Kazakhstan in the XXI century.