Death In People Research Articles

The effect of implementation of family-centered empowerment model on the self-esteem of the old people with hypertension.

Introduction:Noncommunicable diseases are recognized as the major cause of old people's death. One of the models concerning the family health level is the family-centered empowerment model (FCEM) which has been designed with the aim of promoting the health level and self-esteem of the patients and their family members.Purpose:This study was carried out to investigate about the effect of implementation of FCEM on the self-esteem of old people with high blood pressure.Settings and Design:This was a clinical trial study which focused on 62 old adults with high blood pressure in 1392. After cluster sampling, samples were divided randomly into test group and control group.Methods:FCEM was used for the test group; whereas, for the control group, common health cares and one educational session were performed. Study materials were checklist of demographic information, and a researcher-made questioner to evaluate the level of self-esteem. Posttest was given 1-weak after the intervention and was followed-up 1½ months later.Statistical Tests:T-test, analysis of variance, and SPSS 20 were used to analyze the date.Finding:Before the intervention, the mean scores of self-esteem in both the test group and the control group were the same (t = 0.55) (P > 0.05). However, 1-week after the intervention (t = 6.38) and 1½ months later, meaningful differences were observed in the test group (P < 0.001).Conclusion:Implementation of FCEM has a positive effect on the high self-esteem of the old people with high blood pressure.

Enabling Cloud Computing in Emergency Management Systems

Emergencies, including both natural and man--made disasters, increasingly pose an immediate threat to life, health, property, and environment. For example, Hurricane Katrina, the deadliest and most destructive Atlantic tropical cyclone of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, led to at least 1,883 people's death and an estimated loss of -- 108 billion property. To reduce the damage by emergencies, a wide range of cutting-edge technologies on medicine and information are used in all phases of emergency management. This article proposes a cloud-based emergency management system for environmental and structural monitoring that utilizes the powerful computing and storage capability of datacenters to analyze the mass data collected by the wireless intelligent sensor network deployed in civil environment. The system also benefits from smartphone and social network platform to setup the spatial and population models, which enables faster evacuation and better resource allocation.

APPLYING OF GAS ANALYSIS IN DIAGNOSIS OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES

Bronchopulmonary system diseases are on the first place among the causes of people's death. Most of methods for lung diseases diagnosis are invasive or not suitable for children and patients with severe disease. One of the promising methods of clinical diagnosis and disease activity monitoring of bronchopulmonary system is analyzing of human breath. Directly exhaled breath or exhaled breath condensate are using for human breaths analyzing. Analysis of human breath can apply for diagnostic, long monitoring and evaluation of efficacy of the treatment bronchopulmonary diseases. Differential diagnostic between chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma is complicated because they have differences in pathogenesis. Analysis of human breath allows to explore features of COPD and bronchial asthma and to improve differential diagnostic of these diseases. Human breaths analyzing can apply for diagnostic dangerous diseases, such as tuberculosis, lung cancer. The analysis of breath air by spectroscopy methods is new noninvasive way for diagnosis of bronchopulmonary diseases.

The possibility of a tsunami on Lake Baikal

Based on the general physical nature of tsunami generation, it is established that it is an attribute of seismically hazardous areas and regions adjacent to large water reservoirs and is threatening to the popula� tion and infrastructure of the coastal zones. The main preconditions and possibilities for the occurrence of tsunami on Lake Baikal are considered: the information on earthquakes in the Baikal hollow during the instrumental-historical period (1724-2011) is generalized in the map of epicenters of shocks of magnitude M ≥ 5 and histograms of the distribution of numbers of shocks with respect to magnitude. It is shown that the tsunami waves start forming on Baikal if the earthquake magnitude M is ≈5, but since a system of tsunami monitoring on Baikal is absent, it can be observed only during the strongest earthquakes of M > 7. The cata� strophic Tsagan earthquake (1861, M ≈ 7.5) is given as an example. It happened near the eastern coast of Lake Baikal and caused a tsunami with people's deaths.

El suicidio en la juventud: una mirada desde la teoría de las representaciones sociales

IntroductionSuicide is among the three main causes of young people's death in the world and Colombia. That is why suicide has been considered here from the social representations theory. A qualitative and interpretative perspective took into account several phenomenon's’ dimensions by means of the progressive significant axes construction. The main contribution of this study is a theoretical explanation of suicide meaning at levels such as cognitive, symbolic and practical that can be seen from young people's perspectives that may have had or not suicide tentative. ObjectiveThis research aimed to make a theoretical re-construction of suicide phenomenon based on SR theory with young students from Surcolombiana University of Neiva and National University of Bogotá. MethodsThe study is a qualitative and interpretative one which used the methodological design of the Grounded Theory. Instruments used were: associations’ net, focal groups, interviews in depth, fill in the blanks techniques, draws and graphic supports. Resultsas results of this research is noteworthy that SR of youth about suicide got into groups according to psychic disturbance, existential drama and vital dilemma. ConclusionThis theoretical re-construction shows how necessary a change is regarding young and adults relationships in Colombia. The change demands young people's rights to be respected so that they are able mainly to express their feelings. This way it would be possible to influence the future construction of such a group in a positive way.

Obituaries Online: New Connections with the Living—and the Dead

This study examines online obituary pages at nine major U.S. daily newspapers seeking to understand how these sites use new technologies, and how they publicly portray people's lives and deaths. These mainstream dailies provide a forum, and potentially large audiences, for mourners who send messages to the dead, express emotion, and tell stories. They also facilitate connections between readers and build new kindsof virtual communities. This represents a departure from traditional obituary content. Indeed, the "cyber obit" now allows the bereaved to help frame the death stories and build the memorials, liberated from the linear, non-interactive formats of the past. This study builds on work of bereavement scholars as well as literature in journalism and mass communication.

Elderly People's Death and Dying Anxiety: A Comparison between Elderly Living within the Community and in Nursing Homes in Israel

Due to our fear of extinction or annihilation, there is a great deal of preoccupation with the subject of death, through which we attempt to learn to feel more at ease with the concept, and allowing us to cope with our fear of death. The study assumptions seek to emphasize the correlations between: a) demographic characteristics and anxiety of death and dying; b) innerpersonality characteristics and death and dying anxiety variable; and c) intrapersonal characteristics and death and dying anxiety. The study sample comprised 217 participants, of which 119 elderly participants lived within the community and 98 lived in nursing homes. The study's data was collected via face-to-face interviews. Findings indicate that elderly people with a high level of self-evaluation and sense of mastery will experience lower levels of death and dying anxiety. It appears that death and dying anxiety is present regardless of the type of residential arrangement. Policy makers in the field of geriatrics ought to focus on finding ways to increase satisfaction with life, a variable shown to be related to reduction of the psychological distress associated with the end of life.

The Effects of Group Art Therapy on the Elderly People's Ego Integrity and Death Anxiety

The Effects of Group Art Therapy on the Elderly People's Ego Integrity and Death Anxiety

Too distant shores: the Strait of Gibraltar and the space of exception

Focusing on The Sheep and the Whale (Le mouton et la baleine, 2001) by Moroccan-Canadian playwright Ahmed Ghazali, this essay examines political and ethical issues concerning human migration from Africa to Europe. The play's representation of human rights abuses in the Strait of Gibraltar and the dilemmas facing illegal migrants, refugees and asylum seekers will be situated in relation to current debates about the state of exception and the new forms of neo-liberal governmentality employed under the conditions of globalisation. In one way, Ghazali's drama pays homage to those trying to enter Fortress Europe – and specifically to the nameless young African bodies washed up on the shores of southern Spain. It attempts, in part, to exorcise the unspoken violence of these people's deaths in what has become a vast African cemetery, while prompting us to ask what can be done in order to reduce the death toll in the Gibraltar Strait.

Natural Background Radioactive Carbon and the Natural Death Rate of People

A brief analysis of the known data on the potential danger of radiocarbon incorporation into DNA structure shows that the great genetic importance of transmutational transformations of DNA-incorporated 14C is theoretically and experimentally proved. This effect exists both in huge and small radiation doses (similar to doses of 14C natural background radiation). Therefore, the human death rate can be assumed to be dependent on natural and anthropogenous fluctuations of atmospheric 14C. Calculation methods of the age parameter dynamics of the natural human death rate are offered. It is shown that when calculating the parameters of the natural death rate, the use of Gompertz's formula is reasonable provided that the data on the general death rate are taken for the age interval "60 to 85 years." The ratios reflecting the regular and casual errors of the parameters R and a of Gompertz's equation, caused by people's casual deaths, were determined. A comparison of the historical dynamics of people's natural death rates in the last 150 years with the variations of 14C of the natural background during the same period showed that these are coordinated phenomena, the strong correlation of which indicates the possibility of their functional dependence. The 14C-concentration increase in an organism is the result of its increase in the surrounding biospheric composition, causing an increase in the natural death rate and vice versa: The increase of a person's life expectancy is caused by a decrease of 14C concentration.

Radiocarbon Mechanism of Aging

A hypothetical mechanism of 14C-generated influence on a person's rate of aging is offered. The mathematical description and the following approbation of the radiocarbon mechanism of aging made it possible to coordinate the Gompertz and Strehler-Mildvan laws and predict the existence of one more, till-now unknown, interrelation of the parameters of people's natural death rate. A review of the death rate statistics of the populations of western European countries as well as the United States and Australia for the 19th and 20th centuries gave a positive result. It had been assumed that a person's organism has a "discrimination mechanism" aimed at limiting 14C incorporation into DNA structure and that the efficiency of this mechanism is different for different populations of people. It follows from the results of the research that the activity of such a discrimination function of an organism tends to sharply increase in proportion to an increase of 14C concentration in one's surrounding biosphere.

Attempted suicide in Hanoi, Vietnam

Attempted suicide is a key predictor of suicide, which is among the dominant causes of young people's deaths worldwide. Very little is known about the characteristics of suicide attempters in Asia, especially in Vietnam. Medical records of 509 patients (515 attempted-suicide events) admitted to Bach Mai General Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam from 1 January 1999 to 30 April 2001 were analysed according to the criteria of the WHO Multicentre Study of Attempted Suicide. The suicide attempters' mean age was 28.3+/-12.9 years. Nearly half (48.7%) were aged 15-24. The female-to-male ratio of patients living in urban areas (2.1:1) was higher than in rural areas (1.2:1). In urban areas, students (32 %) and homeworkers (28%) and, in rural areas, farmers (56 %) and students (17%) were the salient occupational categories. Acute life stressors were the main causes (73.8%) of suicide attempts. Only in some 6% of cases had a psychiatric illness been diagnosed before the suicide attempts. As a means of attempting suicide, intoxication with analgesics and antipyretics (e. g. paracetamol) with low medical lethality scores was a frequent method among the urban patients, the majority of whom (81%) consequently stayed in hospital less than 24 h. Pesticide and rat poison, more commonly (57.2%) used by attempters in rural areas, had higher medical lethality scores and also necessitated more prolonged hospital treatment. Some suicide-preventive strategies used in the West for young people may be applicable in Vietnam. Reducing access to pesticides and rat poison is comparable to western efforts to make paracetamol or firearms less freely available. Skills in resolving family and other conflicts can be taught in schools according to WHO's suicide-prevention resources for teachers.

Harvest of despair: life and death in Ukraine under Nazi rule

Karel C. Berkhoff. Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine Under Nazi Rule. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004. 463pp.This is a fascinating and much-needed study of people's life in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, an administrative unit that at its largest included the larger part of German-occupied Ukraine-Volhynia, all of Right-Bank Ukraine, Kyiv and Poltava oblasts on the Left Bank, and Mykolaiv, Kherson, Zaporizhzhia, and Dnipropetrovs'k oblasts in southern Ukraine. Over one hundred pages of notes referring to numerous secondary sources and archival documents from various depositories in Ukraine, Russia, Germany and the United States emphasize how well researched this study is.Earlier classic works, like Alexander Dallin's German Rule in Russia, examined the Nazi occupation of the Soviet Union from a history from above perspective, focusing on the power struggle between Erich Koch and Alfred Rosenberg and the continuous infighting between other German officials and institutions. Harvest of Despair, by contrast, looks at the events through the eyes of those on the receiving end, the civilian population of Ukraine. This Alltagsgeschichte approach is the main merit of the book.The study is structured thematically, covering different aspects of people's life, death and survival in Reichskommissariat Ukraine. Chapter I describes the German advance into Ukraine and the Soviet retreat. Having committed mass atrocities and employed a scorched-earth policy, the retreating Soviet authorities behaved as a native government, but as a conqueror that had to leave. One of the most important reasons explaining the rapid German advance into Ukraine was the massive desertion and unwillingness to fight for the collective farm regime. Initially, the majority of Ukrainians, especially peasants, welcomed the Germans. People thought that it was not possible to live worse than under the Soviets. The next chapter portrays the establishment of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine and the radically racist ethos of the reichskommissar Erich Koch and his entourage, which permeated all levels of Nazi civil administration and set the ground for further brutalization of German policy.Chapters 3 and 4 deal with the genocide of the Jews and the mass murder of Soviet POWs. The vast majority of the local population did interfere to help the Jews. While traditional anti-Semitism partially accounts for such a response, the fear of denunciation and the death penalty played a major role. Those who denounced hiding Jews very often did so to obtain property or reward or to prove their reliability to the authorities rather than because of anti-Jewish sentiments.The starvation of the Soviet POWs was a result of Nazi racist beliefs. The German military command obstructed aid from the local population that could have spared the lives hundreds of thousands of POWs. The mass starvation happened despite the excellent Ukrainian harvest of 1941.Chapter 5 analyzes life in the countryside. Hoping to get their land back, initially the overwhelming majority of peasants were pleased with the arrival of the Germans. Peasants' living standards generally improved during the occupation. But, with the collective system largely left intact and increasing abuse and violence, they began to consider their situation at least as bad as under the Soviet system.The next two chapters deal with the situation in the cities. Conditions of life significantly deteriorated for all city dwellers except the small group of entrepreneurs. Scholars, who were considered useless by the Nazis, were left to starve. …

Demographic and socioeconomic impact of AIDS: taking stock of the empirical evidence.

Since 1998, a large amount of new evidence has become available from specialist community-based studies, national surveys and censuses. Various analytical techniques have been developed that allow us to use these data in new ways. In addition to demographers and epidemiologists, social scientists and economists are now starting to look at empirical evidence on the effects of HIV, at the family, community and national level. Although modelling was the primary basis for an assessment of the size and future of the epidemic in the past, increasingly use is made of real data to inform policy and to evaluate national responses to the epidemic. In this context it is timely and appropriate to re-visit this problem area, to summarize our wider knowledge of the demographic and social impacts of the epidemic, and to broaden the range of effects that we scrutinize critically to include macro and microeconomic impacts. These impacts of AIDS are having an increased impact on policy making: the health services are stretched; the education system is losing teachers; and numbers of orphans are growing. Policy needs to be advised by good data and rigorous analysis. A scientific meeting on the Demographic and Socioeconomic Impact of AIDS was held in Durban, South

Mortality and morality: ageing and the ethics of care

This paper focuses on the circumstances of death and dying in old age. It considers the ways in which social policies and social gerontology reflect the values of independence, autonomy and citizenship, and it considers the implication of these values for older people who are dependent on others for care and support at the end-of-life. It discusses the complexity of the relationship between ageing and dying, by exploring recent research from the fields of social gerontology and the sociology of death and dying. Arguing that a long-term perspective is required to understand fully the circumstances of older people's deaths, it analyses the third age/fourth age dichotomy as a conceptual model. The task of developing knowledge about the links between ageing and dying requires consideration of moral and ethical principles. The article examines the conceptual frameworks developed by feminists who argue for an ethics of care as a central analytic referent in social policy. The feminist ethics-of-care approach provides a powerful critique of the moral framework of independence and autonomy as characterised in contemporary policies and practices. Feminist ethicists argue that the inter-relatedness of human beings and the importance of the social context have been overlooked in the preoccupation with individual rights – as reflected more generally in policies and social life. It is argued in the paper that the need for care at the end-of-life highlights these shortcomings. The feminist ethics of care has considerable potential to illuminate our understanding of dependency and care, and to generate both new approaches to policy and practice in health and social care and theoretical perspectives in gerontology.

Reconstructing relationships among mortality, status, and gender at the Medieval Gilbertine Priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate, York.

The varied relationships among status, gender, and mortality are complex, historically produced phenomena that shape people's lives and deaths in socially meaningful ways. Paleodemographic analysis coupled with acute sensitivity to site-specific context has the potential to move us toward a greater understanding of these experiences in the past. After considering the potential effects of migration and fertility on the age-at-death profiles of adult individuals interred at the Gilbertine Priory of St. Andrew, Fishergate, York (n = 200), it is asserted that these profiles primarily reveal expected and unexpected relationships among status, gender, and mortality in this Medieval context. Collectively, the long lives of religious-status males compared to other composite and gendered status groups suggest that they experienced a relatively comfortable existence despite periodic complaints of destitution. The postulated demographic advantage of high-status males did not materialize in the analysis, and a reevaluation of the skeletal evidence indicates that nearly 20% of these individuals died violently. Unexpectedly, moderate-status females shared a mortality profile similar to that of religious-status males and retained a demographic advantage over all other secular status groups. In contrast to the experiences of moderate-status females, low-status females had, on average, the shortest lives at St. Andrew's. This pattern is intimately linked to their restriction from crucial social and economic resources, and provides further evidence of their marginalization in York's wage-labor economy. Overall, these relationships suggest that traditional, highly stratified and gendered notions of Medieval status and mortality are not adequate for understanding the intricacies of everyday life and death at St. Andrew's.

Hardening of the Attitudes: Americans' Views on the Death Penalty

American support for the death penalty has steadily increased since 1966, when opponents outnumbered supporters, and now in the mid‐1990s is at a near record high. Research over the last 20 years has tended to confirm the hypothesis that most people's death penalty attitudes (pro or con) are based on emotion rather than information or rational argument. People feel strongly about the death penalty, know little about it, and feel no need to know more. Factual information (e.g., about deterrence and discrimination) is generally irrelevant to people's attitudes, and they are aware that this is so. Support for the death penalty has risen for most major felonies. Youth is seen as much less of a mitigating factor than it was 35 years ago, but most people still oppose the execution of the mentally retarded. As crime rates have risen despite repeated promises by politicians to “get tough on crime,” the death penalty has become an increasingly prominent issue in electoral politics, suggesting that public opinion should be an issue of central importance for research. We suggest that future research should focus more explicitly on racial attitudes, on comparisons of the death penalty with specific alternatives, and on the emotional aspects of attitudes toward the death penalty.

Macro model prediction of elderly people's injury and death in road traffic accidents in Croatia

The case of elderly people injured and killed in traffic accidents in Croatia is used to illustrate a prediction method. This method consists of several steps. First, the most important variables are selected. Second, to overcome intercorrelation, new variables are constructed that include the old ones. Third, the new variables and its first derivatives are used in a rank correlation method. The results show good predictive capabilities.

Deaths from Residential Fires among Older People, United States, 1984

Deaths from fires are the fifth leading cause of injury death among people aged 65 years or older. To describe the epidemiology of deaths from residential fires among older people, we analyzed mortality data for 1984 collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. Although older people represented only 12% of the U.S. population in 1984, they accounted for 29% (1,278) of that year's 4,466 residential fire deaths. Conflagrations accounted for 78% of older people's deaths from residential fires; clothing ignitions and other fires accounted for 11% each. Residential fire death rates increased with advancing age. Older black people had death rates 4.6 times the death rates of older white people. Older males had higher death rates than older females. Host, environmental, and behavioral risk factors for residential fire deaths among older people and potential strategies for intervention are discussed. Unless intervention strategies are focused on older people, the residential fire death toll in the U.S. may actually grow as the population of older people increases from 12% of the population in 1984 to about 21% of the population in 2030.

Death cognition among Chinese teenagers: Beliefs about consequences of death

Current knowledge of people's death cognition is not as extensive as that of death attitudes. To fill this gap, two studies were conducted to enhance understanding of what people believe about events after death. In the first phase of Study 1, 285 respondents described what they believed to be the consequences of dying. The statements were edited and compiled into a questionnaire, which was rated by 1185 youths. Following a factor analysis, five components of death cognition were extracted. These were (1) Buddhist and Taoist Belief, (2) Just World Belief, (3) Naturalistic Belief, (4) Immortal Soul Belief, and (5) Protestant Belief. Some of these beliefs were associated with age and/or religious orientation of the school attended. In Study 2, another group ( N = 1625) of teenagers were sampled from the secondary school population in Hong Kong. Their responses to the questionnaire were again subjected to a factor analysis. Results replicated those of Study 1, and indicated that the componential model of death cognition has much generality. Death cognition was found to be somewhat related to the religious orientation of the school attended and the respondent's gender. Academic achievement also appeared to be a correlate. The role of culture in the formation of death cognition was noted.