People's Commissariat Research Articles

Межзаводское кооперирование при производстве танка Т-34 на заводе «Красное Сормово» в 1941 году: планы и реальность

The cooperation of “Krasnoe Sormovo” plant with other plants of Gorky region during production of T-34 tank has been considered in the article. In summer of 1941, after beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet leadership began to create a tank industry at the eastern industrial bases of the USSR. The State Defense Committee ordered the creation of a tank production in Gorky region. Machine-building Plant No. 112 (Krasnoe Sormovo) began the assembling of medium tanks. Metallurgical enterprises of Gorky region produced armor for the tanks, Gorky Automobile Plant manufactured engines and other machine-building plants of the region produced various units. The process of organizing tank production at plant No. 112 during the Great Patriotic War is broadly covered in historiography, but the problems of external cooperation of tank construction have been studied poorly. The factories participated in the cooperation during production of T-34 tank have been revealed on the basis of the archival documents of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod region and the State SocioPolitical Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod region. In the process of studying archival materials, we found that by the end of 1941 the production center for manufacturing T-34 medium tanks was established on the territory of Gorky region. This center consisted of factories of the People's Commissariat of the Tank Industry of the USSR and other factories. In Gorky region cooperative relations were established for the supply of components of the tank. However, the task set in July 1941 to create a completely independent tank production center in the Gorky region turned out to be unrealizable. The search for manufacturers of some of the most important units for the T-34 was completed for a long time. The regional industry was unable to fully provide the tank production of plant No. 112 with armor and engines. All the war years the Sormovsky plant directly depended on the supply of these products from other regions of the USSR.

АГРОИНЖЕНЕРНАЯ НАУКА В СССР В 1920-1941 ГОДЫ

In tsarist Russia, there was no single organizational structure for agricultural science. The Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture, funding individual researchers, stations, as well as higher educational institutions where scientific research was conducted, led the scientific work. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the stages of development of agricultural engineering science in the USSR in the period 1920-1941. (Materials and methods) Studied archival materials and research literature on this topic. The article shows the need to create an All-Russian Institute of Agriculture. The Scientific and Automotive Laboratory was organized, which later became the base for research institutes - the Scientific Automotive Institute, later renamed the Research Automotive and Tractor Institute, working in the field of automotive industry, tractor construction, automotive engines, technology and organization of automobile and tractor production. The article formulates the most important tasks of the formation of agroengineering science at the initial stage. (Results and discussion) In 1920-1941, specialized agricultural engineering research and training institutes were established, which took an active part in the formation of the Soviet tractor and automobile industry and the training of qualified personnel. The most important thing for the development of agricultural science was the formation of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin by the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of May 25, 1929. (Conclusions) In the pre-war period, a strong foundation of agricultural engineering science was laid. The first laws and regulations on the mechanization of agriculture and agricultural engineering were adopted. The first research institutes in the field of agricultural mechanization and agricultural engineering were organized. The first domestic tractors, grain harvesters and the most important agricultural machines were developed and put into production. The foundations of the theory were formed, the first fundamental scientific works and textbooks on agricultural machines, the processes of mechanization and electrification of agriculture were published.

Coverage of the activities of the police in the journals of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Bashkir ASSR in the 1920s

Coverage of the activities of the police in the journals of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Bashkir ASSR in the 1920s

Історія та сьогодення Дослідної станції помології ім. Л.П. Симиренка Інституту садівництва НААН України

The paper is devoted to the centenary of the L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology foundation. The authors have depicted the main stages of the institution formation and development and elucidated its principal scientific achievements. The history of the station began with the creation of the greatest in Russian Empire nursery farm by the outstanding Ukrainian pomologist Levko Platonovych Symyrenko near Mliiv (the now Cherkasy region). As early as in 1912 the cultivars of different plants numbered almost to 3 thousand here. On November 25, 1920 according to the decision of the Board of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR the Mliiv Horticultural and Truck Gardening Research Station was created on the basis of the above mentioned nursery. Its first director was L.P. Symyrenko’s son Volodymyr Levkovych, who embodied the creative ideas of the great-grandfather, grandfather and father, realized the cause of several generations of the Symyrenkos. He was a real founder of the Ukrainian horticulture, namely: created and developed all the attributes of Ukrainian pomology, systems of research institutions and state nurseries and the State "Pomological Book". V.L. Symyrenko, professors L.M. Ro and V.P. Popov, research worker M.A. Grossheim and others were major organizers of the station. With their direct participation the departments of horticulture, vegetable growing, entomology, agricultural meteorology, phytopathology, technical processing of fruits and small fruits, agrochemistry ets. were founded and functioned by 1927 already. In 1958 the station was named after L.P. Symyrenko. In the April of 1989 on the initiative of its then director M.M. Artemenko and with the support of the scientific collective it was reorganized as the Mliiv L.P. Symyrenko Research Institute of Horticulture of the Lisosteppe of Ukraine, in 1992 in accordance with tho order of the Presidium of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences (UAAS) renamed as Mliiv L.P. Symyrenko Institute of Horticulture of UAAS and in 2006 as L.P. Symyrenko Institute of Pomology of UAAS. In 2017 it was reorganized as the L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences (NAAS). Today, it is one of the leading scientific institutions of the NAAS system in the horticultural branch. The scientific and research works are carried out in conformity with the four scientific and technical programmes of NAAS: “Genetical Resources of Plants”, “Horticulture and Small-Fruit Growing”, “Plant Protection” and “Agrarian Economics”. The main direction of the institution research activity is the elaboration of the scientific basis of the preservation and spread of the genetic versatility of the fruit, small fruit, nuciferous and minor crops. At present more than 3,000 varieties of fruit, small fruit, nuciferous and ornamental crops are studied in the collectional plantations. That is the valuable genetic fund of Ukraine. Today 72 varieties bred by the Mliiv Research Station have been entered into the State Register of the Plant Cultivars Favourable for the Spread in Ukraine.

Эволюция государственной политики в отношении трудового дезертирства в 1944–1945 годах

The object of scientific research was the evolution of legislation and its law enforcement practice with respect to the deserters from military industrial enterprises at the final stage of World War II. This evolution formally suggested an obvious change of emphasis in the penal policy of labour mobility control: from toughening law enforcement practices to realization of large-scale amnesties of workers who arbitrarily left their places of work.On the basis of the local archival materials the author analyzes practical implementation of innovations reflected in the Decree of the Government of the USSR of June 29, 1944 (change in the procedure for searching and punishing deserters; bringing economic leaders to criminal and party responsibility for non-compliance with the norms of the Decree of December 26, 1941; preventive measures aimed at improvement of working and living conditions). However, attempts of systemic improvement of existing legislation and its enforcement practices faced with certain institutional constraints existed due to the nomenclature organization of power and the supply and demand correlation in the labour market. The author sees the reasons for the amnesties in 1944‒1945 in the low efficiency of toughening punitive measures, excessively high administrative expenses in the process of the Decree of December 26, 1941 realization. It is mentioned that holding the amnesty did not change the substance of the legislation on criminal prosecution for unauthorized abandonment of the workplace of workbut was only the reaction of the state which defended the departmentinterests of the military industry people's commissariats concerning the provision of enterprises with labor force, the reaction to the poorly effective search for labor deserters.

«Покушение на Советскую власть»: Казанские левые эсеры о декрете ВЦИК и СНК от 11 июня 1918 года

«Покушение на Советскую власть»: Казанские левые эсеры о декрете ВЦИК и СНК от 11 июня 1918 года

Кадровый состав лагерных судов 1944-1956 гг. в СССР: проблемы эволюции

The problem of existence of the camp (penitentiary) justice in the USSR remains practically unexplored. Neither has not been studied the development of its personnel. The article is to highlight the stages of the personnel potential formation of camp courts and to determine the significance of the elections of 1948–49 to the camp courts. The article is based on an analysis of previously unpublished documents stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archives of Socio-Political History. The work is based on the use of historical, genetic, and systemic methods. For the first time, the dynamics of the development of personnel in the penitentiary justice has been revealed. There are two main stages. At the first stage, in 1944–48, the increase in formal indicators (legal education, age, work experience) was slow. The judges were selected and appointed by the People's Commissariat (Ministry) of Justice. The turning point was the election of judges of the penitentiary justice held in 1948–49. During the campaign, no more than 30% of staff by was renewed. Therefore, at the second stage, in 1949–54, the formal indicators of judges increased significantly. This, in its turn, influenced the quality of the hearings. In the early 1950s the formal indicators of the quality of the work of these bodies grew. By 1953 camp courts had higher formal cadre rates than people's courts. At the same time, the rates were lower than the indicators of supreme, regional, regional courts and other special courts. The new system for selection of personnel for penitentiary courts created new difficulties. For example, the Ministry of Justice was unable to make prompt appointments of judges on vacant positions. There was no consistent personnel reserve. Therefore, bypassing all existing norms, the practice of appointing trainee judges appeared. The sources of staff renewal in penitentiary courts remained stable during all studied period. These included other bodies of Soviet justice, such as people's courts, prosecution agencies. In penitentiary courts, the percentage of young staff with higher education was practically absent or insignificant. This ensured reception of trained staff, but led to a shortage of staff in donor bodies. Simultaneously with the election of judges of the camp courts in 1948–49, elections of people's assessors for these bodies took place. Among them, guards and camp workers predominated. Therefore, the camp courts were dependent on the penitentiary administration or were loyal to it.

Борьба с пожарами на Харьковщине в годы военного коммунизма (1919–1921)

The aim of the article is to analyze the development of firefighting in Kharkiv and Kharkiv province during the war communism. The author explores the features of complex processes of fire prevention and firefighting in the Kharkiv region in 1919-1921. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historical-systemic) methods with the principles of historicism, scientificity and systematics. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the peculiarities of fire fighting in one of the largest and most significant for the Soviet government in the studied period of the domestic regions - in the Kharkiv region. Conclusions. After the arrival of the Bolsheviks in Kharkiv in 1919, given the large number of fires that regularly occurred in the Kharkiv region, a number of measures were taken to improve the situation in the firefighting sphere in the region. Resolutions were adopted on the procedure for installing temporary portable furnaces in residential premises, special fire control commissions were created to check the state of fire safety in residential buildings, non-residential buildings and enterprises, etc. These measures were not always effective, due to lack of funds, qualified specialists, problems in the sectoral subordination of firefighting, especially in 1919 – the first half of 1920. However, during the second half of 1920- 1921, the situation in the firefighting sector began to improve: firefighting was transferred to the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, the situation with financing and logistics of firefighters gradually began to improve, Ukrainian courses for firefighters were opened in Kharkiv. Thus, the fight against fires in Kharkiv during the war communism had difficult periods, especially at the beginning, but gradually the situation in firefighting improved, largely due to the enthusiasm of ordinary firefighters and strict regulation of fire by the authorities.

О работе промышленных предприятий Ленинграда в 1941 году

Before the Great Patriotic War (GPW) at least 1/3 of cumulative total yield of Leningrad factories was the products of ―defense‖ or ―special‖ function, i.e. military ones. A significant proportion of civilian products could also be used for the army, navy or the NKVD troop’s demands. Pre-war production planning provided for the all-round increase in the output of military products.In this regard, the city's enterprises experienced an acute shortage of production and office premises, electricity and personnel. Plants and factories operated with external raw materials and fuel which made them critically dependent on the functioning of the logistics chains connecting Leningrad with the regions of the USSR. The main criterion of evaluating the work of an industrial enterprise was the amount of output and the mandatory fulfillment or over-fulfillment of production plan. At the factories the problems of quality were ignored and this led to the necessity of conducting periodic campaigns of "struggle for quality" by senior management. However, such campaigns turned to be useless and did not result in the required demands due to the initially defective system of goal-setting in industry. The peculiarities of conducting economic activities in wartime, on the one hand, deepened the previous problems, on the other hand, made the processes of deploying new industries more dynamicby reducing the number of management links and lengthening work shifts,. The main role in setting production tasks to the enterprises was transferred from the specialized People's Commissariats to the City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party and the Military Council of the Front; factories were often forced to execute three parallel production plans. The establishment of the blockade regime focused the industry of Leningrad almost exclusively on the interests of the Leningrad Front. Mobilization into the army and recruitment into the people's militia deprived enterprises of the number of qualified personnel; at first, the replacement of experienced workers by housewives and adolescents could not be considered complete and equivalent. In September – October 1941 the reserves of fuelwere exhausted in the city and this led to a fuel and energy crisis in November – December 1941 and an almost complete shutdown of heavy and light industry enterprises in the first quarter of 1942. The factors which influenced the manufacturing processes of Leningrad industrial enterprises in the pre-war, war and blockade periods of 1941 have been considered in the present article.

80 ЛЕТ ЗНАМЕНАТЕЛЬНОМУ СОБЫТИЮ ПЕРИОДА ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ 1941-1945 ГГ.

The article provides data on the issuance of the order of the People's Commissar of Defense No. 281 on August 23, 1941, which stipulated the possibility of rewarding junior and middle medical personnel for good combat work during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. in connection with the provision of medical assistance to the wounded and sick on the battlefield.

«Повесть слишком многословна»: М. Горький и несостоявшийся писатель Марк Волгин (сюжет романа «Эмигранты» и судьба его автора)

The article is devoted to the plot of Mark Volgin’s novel “Emigrants”. Letters of the writer Olga Nikolaevna Nikiforova and her mother, Lyudmila Alekseevna Nikiforova, to M. Gorky were found in the Gorky Archive of the Institute of World Literature. They asked the writer to read the manuscript “Emigrants” signed with the pseudonym Mark Volgin and give a review. The manuscript was sent from Harbin in July-August 1935. Gorky read the novel and wrote an answer in October. Gorky’s letter about the novel reached the addressees only in early 1936. We learn about the content of the novel from the letters of L. A. and O. Nikiforov and the letter of the Deputy People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs B. S. Stomonyakov. Mark Volgin’s political novel depicted the whole essence of emigrant life. The novel interested the Harbin Consul M. M. Slavutsky and M. Gorky. Gorky advised Nikiforova to work on it seri-ously. The manuscript of the novel “Emigrants” has not been preserved in Gorky’s Archive. The fate of two more copies of the manuscript is unknown. New, previously unpublished let-ters of Gorky’s correspondents are being introduced into scientific circulation.

Development of Public Finances in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Period (to the 90th Anniversary of BSU)

The article discusses the creation and development of the federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education «Baikal State University» as the successor of the Siberian Financial and Economic Institute, formed on the basis of the financial department of the Faculty of Economics of Irkutsk State University and a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of August 11, 1930 No. 305 and the order of the People's Commissariat of Finance of the USSR, since it came under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Finance of the USSR. The article outlines the timeline of the formation of its structural divisions (faculties and departments), the formation of the scientific school of financial research in the regions of Siberia, and in the Irkutsk region, including, in the light of the transformation of the geopolitical conditions of the socio-economic development of Russia and in connection with the need to train financial specialists and economists. We characterized the main stages of the development of scientific research at the university including scientific topics in the field of financial research, the formation of the research school and opening of candidate and doctoral dissertation councils. The article provides a comparative analysis of the economic indicators of the leading countries of the world and discusses a special role money and finance play in their economic development. The authors put forward recommendations for enhancing scientific research by the BSU faculty and strengthening the role of the state in regulating the real sector of the economy and investment processes.

РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ЛОГОПЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ДІТЯМ ІЗ ПОРУШЕННЯМИ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

The scientific article is devoted to the problem of speech therapeutic assistance which must be given to the children with the disorders of the intellectual development in the chronological aspect. Thus, the article comprises the research works of scientists from different fields who dealt with the studying children with the intellectual disorders and with another variants of disorder of their development, starting since the 19th century today: E. Segen, J. Demor, K. Grachova, J. Philipp, P. Honkur, G. Sukhareva, M. Khavatcev, G. Kashem, D. Orlova, V. Lebkovsky, V. Tishenko, etc. The pedagogical approach prevailed within the science during the 19th century (organization of educational system for the children with the intellectual disorders). At the beginning of the 20th century the medical problems of the intellectual mal-development began to be studied actively. Until 1913 it was realized the private treatment-education help to children with the serious problems of development. This help was conducted for high material payments. But the increasing amount of children with the intellectual disorders gave the impulse for the establishment of the state assisting classes. These classes had various schemes of education. 1931st is very important for the history when the People, when People's Commissariat of Education issued an order about the introduction of general compulsory education of “ mentally retarded children and adolescents” who suffer from the speech disorders. Since this period has been started the united, common work doctors, pedagogues and psychologists. Their work was directed on the development of speech activity of children with the disorders of the intellectual development. Since the late 80-s till the beginning of the 20th century there were conducted research woks which were devoted to the peculiarities of the regulatory function of speech during the intellectual disorders. At the beginning of 1990-s V.Tishenko implemented the psycholinguistic approach to the studying of the speech function of children with intellectual disorders. This gave the possibility to separate the intellectual component of the speech activity and to ground the verbal actions and sign operations, which provide the mastering and using of speech. The research work of V.Tishenko confirmed the legitimacy of the separation of the intellectual component within the speech activity. Key words: disorder of intellectual development, history of Speech Therapy, psycholinguistic component, special school.

Trade and economic relations between Russia and the Netherlands: formation and development

Successful development of mutual trade and economic ties between Russia and the Netherlands has been lasting for centuries. In ancient times, when both states were actively developing, vessels loaded with various goods were already cruising between their shores; while national leaders were building bilateral trade policy. The development of cooperation reached its peak during the time of Peter the Great, when the Russian Empire carried out industrialization by entering into a full-scale international industrial cooperation with its historical partner. Participation of the Russian state in the development of trade and economic relations with the Netherlands took different shapes depending on the current needs and capabilities of the country. However, specially authorized envoys who carried out their functions on the territory of the Netherlands played exclusively important role in it, whether they were representatives of the Ministry of Trade and Industry of Tsarist Russia in Rotterdam or the People's Commissariat for Foreign Trade in the pre-war years. October 1945, when the Trade Representation opened its doors in Amsterdam, marked the new chapter in the history of trade relations between two countries. Historical review of the activities conducted by the Trade Mission in one of the world's TOP economically developed countries of the world over the 75-year period is demanded for providing advice in respect to setting up of strategic plans for the development of foreign trade in terms of exports, deepening international industrial cooperation and faster adaptation to the requirements by foreign markets.

Anniversary of Kazan University

(Chronicle) Solemn celebration of the 125th anniversary of V. II Kazan State University. Ulyanov a-Lenin took place during May 15-19. The celebration was attended by representatives of the Government of the RSFSR, the People's Commissariat for Education and the Glavnauk of the RSFSR, the delegation of Leningrad and a number of other cities of the Union, the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan, students of various cities, representatives of party, public, professional organizations and foreign representatives (Japan, Germany, Norway, etc.). May 15 in the evening at. in the assembly hall of the university, a solemn meeting of the guests took place, resulting in an organized noisy demonstration of the students and the mass of the population; thousands of people with banners, orchestras, torches filled the streets and squares surrounding the university.

FORMATION OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE IN KYRGYZSTAN

The article examines the work of the education system for the training of historians in Kyrgyzstan and the activities of historians who have contributed to the formation of historical science. The process of the formation and development of historical science took place on the basis of the challenges of the time in the system of world sciences. As in world history, the formation and development of historical science in Kyrgyzstan consists of several stages and was inextricably linked with the work of the People's Commissariat of Education of the KKAO on the training of scientific personnel in 1925-45. The specialties of Russian history, archeology, ethnography, historiography of historical science were formed precisely during this period. The article analyzes the role of scientific and pedagogical activities of prominent historians V.V. Bartold, A.N. Bernshtam, S.M. Abramzon, M.P. Vyatkin and local scholarly historians B. Dzhamgerchinov, A. Khasanov, S. Ilyasov in the formation of historical science in Kyrgyzstan.

The Ethnic Aspect in Red Army Recruitment During the Great Patriotic War: A Historical and Statistical Review

Due to the multi-ethnic nature of our state, the ethnic factor has always been important in the recruitment, organization and combat use of the Russian armed forces. The deeper the ethnocultural, especially linguistic differences of the personnel, the more urgent was the need for a special organization of military service of the non-Russian contingent. The article is devoted to the analysis of ethnic processes in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Much attention is given to the dynamics of the quantitative and specific representation of Soviet ethnic groups during the war, the reasons for the reduction or, on the contrary, the expansion of this representation. The research is based on normative and policy documents that regulated mobilization and conscription work, as well as office documents that reflect the execution of state decisions. Among the latter, the author has identified a set of accounting and statistical materials of the central organizational and mobilization institutions of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR. The scientific novelty of the presented research is that for the first time the ethnonational aspect of the history of the red army during the Great Patriotic War was analyzed using quantitative research methods. This made it possible to significantly deepen the understanding of the ethnic processes taking place in the Soviet armed forces.

ACTIVITIES OF THE “COMMISSIONER FOR THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND RELIGIOUS CULTS AT THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE’S COMMISSARS OF THE USSR IN ODESSA” IN 1944-1965 (by materials of the State archives of Odessa region)

The article analyzes the activities of the "Commissioner for the Russian Orthodox Church" and "Correspondence on Religious Cults" at the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR in Odessa region in 1944-1958, found unique photos from both Odessa and Odessa region destroyed, converted and rebuilt churches, chapels, houses of worship.The mechanism of repressive pressure on worshipers and religious communities in the issue of renovation and re-registration of churches, etc. has been studied. The principle of identification and accounting of temple buildings and communities is shown.

M. M. Prishvin and N. A. Semashko: literary image of the “gymnasium friend” in works of the writer

The subject of this article is the analysis of the history of relations between M. M. Prishvin and N. A. Semashko since gymnasium childhood until the last days of life. It is demonstrated that if the biographical material on enduring friendship between Prishvin and Semashko, contained in reminiscences of their contemporaries and works of the writer himself, is given considerable attention, then his diary notes, which significantly transform the representations on true nature of their relations, have not yet become the subject of research. The article employs the method of historical reconstruction of ideological-political context of life of the Soviet society, which gives a better perspective on the peculiarities of artistic interpretation by M. M. Prishvin of the party and state activity of N. A. Semashko. The novelty of this article consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of the new facts from Prishvin’s Diary that consisted of 18 volumes and was published only in post-Soviet time  (1991-2017), which is a testimony that his relations with the People's Commissar of Public Health N, A, Semashko were often tainted with irreconcilable ideological and worldview discrepancies. It is no coincidence that in his autobiographical novel “The Chain of Kashchei”, Prishvin portrayed Semashko not only as an ideological supporter of Leninism, but also a nihilist-Nietzschean Yefim Nesgovorov. Morveover, the history of relations with Semashko sheds light on the reasons of Prishvin's disappointment with the revolutionary ideology of Bolshevism.

SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE ACTIVITY OF RURAL «PROSVITS» OF RIGHT BANK UKRAINE IN 1921-1922: CHARITY

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the practical experience of charitable activities of rural «Prosvits» of the Right Bank of Ukraine in the early 20s of the twentieth century, the main focus of which was to help the starving. The issue of providing such assistance to various categories of the population as a whole has been studied, as well as the work of state structures on the legal regulation of «Prosvits» charity activities. The Soviet regime, being aware of the popular popularity of societies, used their opportunities and resources, shifting to them part of the state social spending. The purpose of the article is to conduct the analysis of the activities of «Prosvits» in the Soviet regime, its significance and results in 1921-1922, coverage of the problems and achievements of educational centers in the context of charitable assistance. Research methods used: comparison, generalization, analysis, synthesis, structural-systemic, synchronous, statistical, historical-comparative, analysis of available sources and scientific literature. It was found that «Prosvits» activities were coordinated by the out-of-school department of public education at the People's Commissariat of Education, which directed their work in the right direction, namely to help the starving, weeks of assistance to war invalids, police, military, etc. Emphasis was placed on helping the starving, identifying specific areas and forms of work to raise funds for the needy. It was established that the charity of the rural «Prosvits» was both voluntary and compulsory. The first was unofficially initiated by the Soviet state, the second by the society itself.