Anxiety In People Research Articles

Mental health screening in Cystic Fibrosis as an intervention: Patient and caregiver feedback on improving these processes

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a progressive, multisystem genetic disease affecting more than 70,000 individuals worldwide, marked by recurrent pulmonary infections and long-term lung damage [1]. Despite treatment advances that have increased average life expectancy, living with CF entails a high burden of daily treatments and pulmonary and digestive symptoms [2,3]. Elevated depression and anxiety in people with CF (pwCF) and their primary caregivers occur at rates 2–3 times that of the general population [4], and are associated with negative health outcomes, worse treatment adherence, earlier mortality and greater healthcare utilization [5–13].

Phenomenology of anxiety in people living with mild to moderate dementia: A conceptual meta-ethnographic review.

This conceptual review aims to integrate findings from published qualitative studies focusing on individual experiences of people living with dementia to generate a better understanding and conceptualisation of anxiety in dementia, including its subclinical manifestations. The review aims to inform the clinical practice to facilitate the development of targeted psychological interventions and provision of holistic support to people living with dementia. The review was conducted according to the guide for reporting meta-ethnographic qualitative syntheses eMERGe and the PRISMA guidelines. The search yielded a total of 2947 studies, out of which 13 were included in the final qualitative synthesis. The interpretive synthesis identified common experiences of people living with mild to moderate dementia, characterised by clusters of themes around worry, emotional experiences, and behavioural reactions in response to the diagnosis of dementia and its symptoms. These represent the components of a conceptual framework of anxiety in mild to moderate dementia, where anxiety is triggered by negative appraisals of living with an irreversible neurodegenerative disease. Stemming from these appraisals of dementia progression and its impact on the person's overall future, the content of worrisome thoughts and concerns include the loss of self and identity, losing independence and the ability to perform previous activities, concerns about being a burden to loved ones, and worry about the impact on interpersonal relationships. This conceptualisation of anxiety in dementia, including its subclinical manifestations facilitates the development of psychological interventions and provision of holistic support to people living with dementia.

Quality of Life and Conformity to Gender Norms in Women Receiving Assisted Reproductive Technologies as a Potential Indicator of Mental Health.

The prevalence of depression, stress, or anxiety in people receiving assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has been demonstrated. However, knowledge about the influence of gender norms on quality of life (QofL) during infertility treatment is limited. The main objective of this study was to confirm that patients undergoing ART present a vulnerable mental state, which may be an indicator of risk. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental cross-sectional study was carried out in the Assisted Reproduction Unit of the Hospital Politécnico Universitario de la Fe (Spain) in which a total of 438 women participated: 256 in pre-treatment and 182 in treatment. Two questionnaires were administered, FertiQol and CFNI-23, assessing self-perceived QofL and conformity to gender norms, respectively. The results showed significant differences between the pre-treatment and treatment groups on the FertiQol and its subscales. Significant associations were also found between the CFNI-23 factors and the FertiQol subscales. The results suggest that gender norms and ART interfere with women’s mental health and QofL and should be considered as possible risk indicators by professionals preventively before the prenatal or perinatal stages. Future research should design prospective studies aimed at estimating the impact of clinical and sociodemographic variables on women and other groups receiving ART.

How Social Media Influences Public Attitudes to COVID-19 Governance Policy: An Analysis Based on Cognitive-Affective Model.

IntroductionBased on the cognitive-affective model, this paper examines how social media affects the public cognitive and affective factors, further influence their attitudes towards COVID-19 governance policy.MethodsThrough an online survey, we measured individual COVID-19 policy attitude, social media use and other related factors of 1222 respondents from 12 countries, and based on this, we carried out regression and mediation analysis on the data to obtain the research results.ResultsFrom the perspective of cognitive factors, the public perception of the severity of the COVID-19 itself does not significantly affect their attitudes towards governance policy. On the contrary, the evaluation on government governance performance, risks and governance anticipations have more significant impacts. Among the affective factors, personal anxiety and patriotism significantly affect the formation of public attitudes, personal anxiety is positively correlated, and patriotism is negatively correlated. It is important to note that nationalism has no significant influence on public attitudes to COVID-19 policy on a global scale.Conclusion(1) Social media influences the public COVID-19 policy attitudes through their moderating effect on affective and cognitive factors. (2) The impact of social media on affective pathways is more significant than that on cognitive pathways. (3) The positive moderating effect of social media on patriotism obscures the tendency of strict governance of COVID-19 caused by aggravating people’s anxiety.

Anxiety in adults with allergic rhinitis during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A Canadian perspective

BackgroundDespite the symptom overlap between allergic rhinitis (AR) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pandemic-time anxiety in people with AR remains an area of limited study. ObjectiveTo assess the AR-anxiety relationship in the unique context of the COVID-19 pandemic from a Canadian perspective. MethodsThe COVID-19 Associated Anxiety in patients with Asthma and AR Experiencing Symptoms survey was distributed on the “Qualtrics XM” platform, with 835 adult participants responding to the first iteration from April to August 2020. Anxiety was assessed on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 (GAD-7), and AR burden of disease was assessed on the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ). All analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 27. ResultsHigh levels of anxiety were found, with 28.0% of the AR group and 27.5% of the control group meeting the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder. After controlling for covariates, AR status had no significant predictive effect on GAD-7 in a hierarchal multiple regression model (ΔR2 = .00, P = .69). In the AR subgroup, there were significant positive correlations between anxiety and burden of disease for the total RQLQ score and all 7 domain scores (P < .001 for all), with the non-nose or eye symptom domain having the strongest correlation (r = .63). After controlling for covariates, total RQLQ score had a predictive effect on GAD-7 in a hierarchal multiple regression model (ΔR2 = .049, P < .001). ConclusionHigh levels of anxiety exist during the COVID-19 pandemic regardless of AR status, indicating the importance of early anxiety screening in all patients. This study also highlights the importance of non-nose or eye symptoms in AR management.

ANXIETY SENSITIVITY BIAS AND COLLECTIVE ACTION PARADOX IN EPIDEMIC PREVENTION AND RESPONSE IN WESTERN COUNTRIES — AN ANALYSIS BASED ON INCOMPLETE INFORMATION LEARNING MODEL

BackgroundIn order to cope with the public health crisis caused by the 2019 coronavirus disease epidemic, a prominent feature of Western society is that residents are unwilling to take the initiative to wear masks for protection. The cultural tradition and social psychological explanation of this phenomenon is that most people are unwilling to wear masks because the masks in western society have the symbol of uncleanness and weakness. This explanation of cultural tradition and social psychology makes some sense. However, social behavior is also influenced by the government. Why don't Western governments adopt mandatory policies to correct the negative impact of current social psychology from the perspective of ensuring public safety? One popular explanation is that western countries have politicized the 2019 coronavirus epidemic, so they are unwilling to take correct measures to deal with the epidemic. But this irrational explanation is incredible. The managerial man hypothesis is only an ideal abstract concept, but individuals in society may occasionally make irrational behavior because of psychological resistance. But in general, the behavior of institutions and governments is more rational than that of individuals. It is incredible that many Western governments violate the principle of rationality on such a large scale. At the same time, in the face of the COVID-19, a global health emergency, the anxiety sensitivity of people in western countries is also worth paying attention to.Subjects and MethodsBy constructing a learning model under the condition of incomplete information, this paper explains how residents and the government obtain information, and how social values determine the optimal choice of the government in coordinating social collective action. This paper also uses anxiety sensitivity Index-3, which is an evaluation tool developed by Taylor and others based on previous studies. It covers three specific dimensions of anxiety sensitivity construct, involving attention to individual cognition, society and body. Six items in each of the three subscales were scored by Likert level 5 (0 = very few, 1 = less, 2 = medium, 3 = more, 4 = very many), and the total score was used to represent the individual's anxiety sensitivity level [15]. It can also analyze three special factors: social attention, cognitive attention and physical attention. When researchers want to use special factors such as social attention, cognitive attention and physical attention to predict external variables, they can independently explain the prediction results without considering the influence of public factors.ResultsUnder the Bayesian information acquisition rule, when the whole society does not pay attention to cooperative behavior, the seemingly irrational behavior of Western governments reflects the trap of “white lie” and “rational inaction” to deal with the impact of social systemic risk. Results: Our results showed that although anxiety was positively correlated with government media information, it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Among the psychological anxiety of the masses, debilitating anxiety dominated, and the results were statistically significant (P < 0.01). This means that debilitating anxiety can be used as an indicator to measure the level of people's anxiety. Our results show that environmental anxiety is negatively correlated with information. The Pearson correlation in the high anxiety group was significantly higher than that in the low anxiety group. This shows that students with less media influence are more likely to be anxious than those with more media influence.ConclusionSocial values affect social psychology, and social psychology affects the effect of government governance. The values and social psychology that bring long-term success to society may also lead to disaster management to deal with sudden crises. The strong individualistic values in western society are conducive to innovative activities in the period of social stability, but not conducive to highly coordinated social collective action in the period of social crisis. In order to avoid these governance traps, in the long run, we can improve the level of trust and cooperation in society by strengthening social capital; In the short term, the prejudice of social psychology against science and technology and scientific researchers must be eliminated. It has better fitting in the Chinese version of anxiety sensitivity Index-3, which is also of great significance for accurately understanding the structure of anxiety sensitivity.AcknowledgementsThis study was supported by the Youth Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education, China (Grant No.18YJC790131), Zhejiang Public Welfare Technology Application Research Funding Project, China (Grant No. LGF22G010002) and Applied Economics Base Project of Zhejiang Wanli University, China (Grant No.SZ10000018).

THE CHANGES OF SOCIAL EMOTION AND BEHAVIOR IN LETTERS IN THE QING DYNASTY AND ITS ACADEMIC CONNOTATION

BackgroundThe functions and characteristics of letters used for information exchange determine that they have occupied a place in the ancient academic history since their birth. As the academic summary period of the Qing Dynasty, the content of the letter turned to theory. Scholars exchange academic and textual research on classics and history through letters. And this research is helpful to analyze the regulation of information on modern people's emotional anxiety.Research Objects and MethodsThis paper mainly selects 6862 academic letters from the Qing Dynasty in the 18th century, of which 3060 involve textual research. According to the specific vocabulary categories and materials involved, it is divided into 8 sub categories for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results show that through examples, lists and textual research, the main materials of academic letters in the Qianjia period highlight the academic value of analyzing letters in the Qing Dynasty from the aspects of corpus, philology, linguistics and history. The data of this paper mainly comes from the letters from 1700 to 1800 in the collection of poetry and prose of the Qing Dynasty. The standard of material selection is whether literature, language and textual research are involved. At the same time, the communication anxiety scale is also used. The Interaction Anxiety Scale (IAS) [17] compiled by Leary is used. There are 15 questions, a single dimension, and a 5-level score. From 1 to 5, it means “very inconsistent” to “very consistent”. The higher the score, the greater the degree of social anxiety.ResultsThe Qing Dynasty Correspondence corpus has objectivity, authenticity, richness and particularity; It embodies the value of text collation in philology; In linguistics, it embodies the value of the combination of theory and textual research practice, and the combination of point and aspect; In history, it embodies the value of mutual proof of historical facts. The practice of letter vocabulary textual research can be combined with the achievements of modern language research to provide information supplement for language research. The exegetical achievements of academic letters in the Qing Dynasty are an important part of the achievements of traditional linguistics. Among them, the most discussive and characteristic is the textual research on Jingchu vocabulary and its related problems. Collating and studying the contents of lexical textual research involved in Qianjia academic letters can not only provide theories and methods for the comprehensive study of lexicology, but also provide reference for the textual research of letters in the Qing Dynasty and other periods. At the same time, the social anxiety of letters was the independent variable, and aggression and depression were the dependent variables. When the self-efficacy of managing depression / pain was the mediating variable, the total effects of mediating effect were 40.61% and 34.06% respectively; When the self-efficacy of managing anger / anger was the mediating variable, the total mediating effect was 55.77% and 31.81% respectively.Conclusionthe letters of the Qing Dynasty in the 18th century can make up for the lack of monographs and historical materials and return the literature to its original truth; It helps to outline the trend of Confucianism in the Qing Dynasty, improve the academic pedigree of people in the Qing Dynasty, provide necessary language support for the research of academic history, cultural history and other disciplines, and promote the in-depth development of literature collation and collation. To sum up, the emotional regulation of ancient people through ancient letters is also conducive to the mental health of contemporary people.AcknowledgementsSupported by The arrangement and research of the vocabulary interpretive materials in the Academic letters of scholars in Qing Dynasty (21BYY144).

Analyze the Association of Depression and Anxiety in Patients with and without Pandemic Disease Covid-19

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety in people with and without COVID-19. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration: Sahara Medical College / Sughra Shafi Medical Complex Narowal. Feb-2021-Aug 2021 Methods: In this study, 178 cases of both sexes had age 15-55 years were presented. After obtaining written consent, the patient's complete demographic information—including age, sex, and BMI—was collected. Two groups of patients were split evenly. Group M contained 89 COVID-19 patients, while group N contained 89 cases but did not contain COVID-19. Both groups' rates of depression and anxiety were assessed. It was decided to use structural questionnaires. SPSS 18.0 was used to analyze all the data. Results: Among 178 cases, 104 (58.4%) were males and 74 (41.6%) were females. Majority of the cases 80 (44.9%) had age 18-30 years, 65 (36.5%) had age 31-40 years and 33 (18.5%) had age &gt;40 years. 120 (67.4%) had BMI &lt;25kg/m2 and 58 (33.6%) had BMI &gt;25kg/m2. We found significantly higher number of depression 48 (53.9%), anxiety 30 (33.7%) and stress 19 (21.3%) in patients of group M as compared to group N found in 24 (26.9%), 18 (16.9%) and 11 (12.4%) with p value &lt;0.005. Conclusion: In this study, we found that, in comparison to non-COVID 19 patients, COVID-19 patients typically experienced significant levels of anxiety and depression. Patients with medical conditions should learn methods for quick identification and treatment of depression and anxiety. Keywords: COVID-19, anxiety, depression, illness

New approach for a mobile device-based vehicle crime reporting and investigating system

Technology has become an important part of our day to day lives. Recent statistics indicate an upward trend in the number of users of Smartphones and the Internet, with the number of active mobile internet users in India alone reaching around 572.2 million. By aligning a solution with the present-day trend, users will not only be able to adopt it faster and easier than before, but also experience it in a familiar and straightforward framework. Through this application, we hope to make handheld devices a means for reporting and investigating vehicle crimes as much as possible without compromising the efficiency, accessibility, or privacy of its users. In addition to improving current record-keeping systems, the use of such digital resources also assists in developing better audit and monitoring systems. This system is also intended to alleviate people's anxieties about long, tedious processes of crime reporting and investigation, as well as provide the authorities with that sensitive data securely and expeditiously. In India, the crime rate rose from 172.3 in 2001 to 314.3 in 2020, with a charge sheet rate of 75.8, implementation of such systems will help to elevate our citizens and lower these figures.

The relationship between information overload and state of anxiety in the period of regular epidemic prevention and control in China: a moderated multiple mediation model.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between information overload and individual state anxiety in the period of regular epidemic prevention and control and mediating effect of risk perception and positive coping styles. Further, we explored the moderating role of resilience. 847 Chinese participated in and completed measures of information overload, risk perception, positive coping styles, state anxiety, and resilience. The results of the analysis showed that information overload significantly predicted the level of individual state anxiety (β = 0.27, p < 0.001). Risk perception partially mediate the relationship between information overload and state anxiety (B = 0.08, 95%CI = [0.05, 0.11]) and positive coping styles also partially mediate the relationship between information overload and state anxiety(B = -0.14, 95%CI = [-0.18, -0.10]). In addition, resilience moderated the mediating effects of risk perception (β = -0.07, p < 0.05) and positive coping styles (β = -0.19, p < 0.001). Resilience also moderated the effect of information overload on state anxiety (β = -0.13, p < 0.001). These results offer positive significance for understanding the internal mechanism of the influence of information overload on individual state anxiety in the epidemic environment and shed light on how to reduce people’s state anxiety during an epidemic.

Depression and anxiety prevalence in people with cystic fibrosis and their caregivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundPrevalence of depression and anxiety in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) and their caregivers is high, however, results have been inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in PwCF and their caregivers and explore sources of heterogeneity.MethodMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL plus and PsychINFO databases were searched from inception to January 2021. Studies were included if a specific psychometric tool (PT) to assess depression or anxiety (rather than quality of life) was used and did not involve a transitory patient state. Random-effects models were applied due to high anticipated heterogeneity and I2 estimates were calculated. Sources of heterogeneity were explored through subgroup comparisons. The presence of small-study effects was investigated visually using funnel plots and statistically using the Egger test.ResultsA total of 94 articles (48 full-text publications, 46 abstracts) were included. Depression prevalence in adolescents aged 12–18 years (n = 2386), adults (n = 9206) and caregivers (n = 6617) were 18.7% (95% CI 12.8–25.3%, I2 = 89.2%), 27.2% (95% CI 23.6–31%, I2 = 90.4%), and 32.8% (95% CI 27.9–37.9%, I2 = 90.3%), respectively. Anxiety prevalence in adolescents aged 12–18 years (n = 2142) was 26% (95% CI 19.6–33%, I2 = 86.4%), 28.4% (95% CI 25–31.9%, I2 = 85%) for adults (n = 8175), and 38.4% (95% CI 30.8–46.2%, I2 = 94.6%) for caregivers (n = 5931). Prevalence differed by the PT used and study location.DiscussionThis comprehensive analysis found the prevalence of depression and anxiety in PwCF and their caregivers to be high, supporting recommendations for regular screening. Choice of PT significantly influenced prevalence, indicating a need for future studies to identify the optimal PT for each CF population to identify those most at risk.

The Urgency of Spiritual Healing during the Coronavirus Outbreak

Pandemic COVID-19 has led to a sharp decline in the economic aspect, educational activities considered less effective, and difficulty performing worship. As a result, people's anxiety has increased dramatically. This study aims to reveal the urgency of spiritual healing in the life of the community during the Pandemic COVID-19 to answer the challenges of how effective it is in tackling the crucial erosion of spirituality amid society. This article is library-based research, and the data were gathered using documentary approaches. With the descriptive analysis approach, using al-Ghazālī's idea of Ma'rifatullāh, this study found that Ma'rifatullāh, through self-recognition, will lead someone to a more peaceful and calmer situation. Its position as a centre of spiritual healing in Taṣawwuf teachings is very effective in overcoming the crisis experienced by the community during the pandemic. Thus, the anxiety and worldly concerns will transform into peace and tranquillity.Contribution: This article reveals that self-tranquillity and peace are sometimes not dealing with worldly affairs. Instead, it is about spiritual things. However, many tend to forget that the root of their tranquillity is found in the spiritual dimension.

Symptoms of diabetes distress, depression, and anxiety in people with type 2 diabetes: identifying central and bridge symptoms using network analysis

IntroductionPeople with diabetes are vulnerable to diabetes-related distress and are more likely to experience depressive and anxiety symptoms than the general population. Diabetes distress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms also tend to commonly co-occur.ObjectivesThis study aimed to apply network analysis to explore the associations between diabetes distress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms in a cohort of adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsData were from the baseline (2011) assessment of the Evaluation of Diabetes Insulin Treatment (EDIT) study (N = 1,796; 49% female; mean age = 60, SD = 8) from Quebec, Canada. A first network using the 17 items of the diabetes distress scale (DDS-17) was estimated. A second network was estimated using the 17 items of the DDS-17, the 9 depressive items of the PHQ-9, and the 7 anxiety items of the GAD-7. Symptom centrality, network stability, and bridge symptoms were examined.ResultsRegimen-related and physician-related distress symptoms were amongst the most central (highly connected) in the diabetes distress network. Worrying too much (anxiety), Not feeling motivated to keep up diabetes self-management (diabetes distress), and Feeling like a failure (depression) were the most central symptoms in the combined network. Feeling like a failure (depression) was highly connected to diabetes distress symptoms, representing a potential bridge between diabetes distress and depression.ConclusionsIdentifying central and bridge symptoms may provide new insights into diabetes distress, depressive, and anxiety symptom maintenance and comorbidity in people with type 2 diabetes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

A comparison of anxiety symptoms and correlates of anxiety in people with progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

BackgroundAnxiety appears to be more prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) than in the general population, though it is unclear if anxiety varies by MS disease course. There are experiences unique to each disease course that might increase the likelihood of anxiety. Additionally, the majority of research in MS has focused on people with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), while the experiences of people with progressive forms of MS are understudied. This study examined anxiety in people with progressive MS (PMS) and examined group differences in anxiety compared to people with RRMS, and assessed unique and common correlates of anxiety in people with PMS and RRMS. MethodsSecondary analysis of data from the fourth survey in a longitudinal study of quality of life in people with physical disabilities. The current study included a subset of participants with MS. Anxiety level was measured by the 4-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System – Anxiety Short Form T-score. T-test and chi-square analyses were used to compare groups. Correlates of anxiety were tested by examining the interaction of MS subtype (PMS and RRMS) and each potential correlate in multiple regression models with bootstrapping. ResultsParticipants were 464 adults with MS (PMS n = 183; RRMS n = 281) who were predominately female, non-Hispanic white, and not employed with a mean age of 56.9 ± 10.3 years and disease duration of 17.5 ± 9.3 years. On average, participants with PMS reported anxiety symptoms (50.6 ± 8.6) that were comparable to those in the United States general population and statistically lower than participants with RRMS (52.8 ± 9.5; p = .01). Across MS courses, common factors associated with greater anxiety symptoms were shorter disease duration, lower household income, greater speech and/or swallowing problems, and current smoking (tobacco), adjusted R2 = .19, F(4, 391) = 22.68, p < .001. There was no evidence of unique correlates of anxiety symptoms in participants with either MS course. ConclusionsIn this community sample, people with MS, regardless of disease course, reported similar levels of anxiety to the United States general population. This is inconsistent with prior literature that largely involves clinical samples, suggesting a need for further research with community samples of individuals with MS. This discrepancy may also be due to measurement differences between studies (e.g., screen versus symptom measures). Participants with RRMS reported greater average anxiety compared to those with PMS. This statistically significant difference was small and not clinically significant, indicating the need for further examination and replication. Overall, the findings highlight the wide heterogeneity of anxiety presentation within people with MS and identify potential factors to improve conceptualization and treatment of anxiety in this population. Further research is needed with community and clinical samples to understand anxiety in MS as well as risk and protective factors to improve conceptualization and treatment of anxiety in this population.

The Effect of Five Finger Therapy on Hypertension Elderly on Anxiety Reduction

Five finger therapy is a relaxation technique using the five fingers technique by relying on positive thoughts to help reduce anxiety in people with chronic hypertension. This study was to determine the level of anxiety before being given five finger therapy pain management and after being given five finger therapy pain management and the effect of giving five finger therapy management to reduce anxiety levels in patients with chronic hypertension. This research is a Quasy Experiment quasi-experimental research with One Group Design Pretest – Posttest design, quantitative research type. The sample of this research is 56 respondents with consecutive sampling technique. the results showed that the majority of respondents experienced a decrease in anxiety levels before and after being given 5-finger therapy. Statistical analysis test using T-test. From the research results obtained p value is 0.000. This value is smaller than 0.05 (p &lt; 0.05). Based on these results, it means that there is an effect of 5 finger therapy management on reducing anxiety in patients with Chronic Hypertension Disease.

0573 Daytime and Nighttime Sleep and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract Introduction Inadequate sleep duration and daytime napping are associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population. People with autoimmune diseases frequently experience poor sleep and depressive and anxious symptoms; however, little is known about how sleep might contribute to depressive and anxious symptoms in this population. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between nighttime sleep and naps and depressive and anxious symptoms in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional feasibility study of adults with IBD (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) ages 18 to 60 years recruited from a single academic IBD center. We measured depressive and anxious symptoms using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures. We elicited nighttime sleep [sleep duration, efficiency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO)] using wrist-worn actigraphs (Philips Spectrum Plus) and elicited naps and perceived sleep quality (analog scale 0-100) with sleep diaries over 10 days. Results We included 35 adults [age M = 37.8 (14.0); female N = 21 (60.0%); Crohn’s disease N = 18 (51.4%); clinical remission N= 22 (63.9%)]. Mean depression (51.4 SD= 9.1) and anxiety (52.6 SD = 9.9) were over the population-based cut-offs. Additionally, nightly sleep duration was short (M = 391.9 minutes SD = 52.5). Sleep efficiency (M = 83.0% SD = 5.5) was low, and WASO (M = 41.8 minutes SD = 19.9) was high. Twenty-one (60%) participants reported taking at least one nap (median = 2, range 1-7) over the 10 days. Depressive and anxious symptoms were higher in people who napped than those who did not nap with a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d = -.309, -.466 respectively). Sleep quality was correlated with symptoms of depression (r = .622, p &amp;lt; .001) and anxiety (r = .638, p &amp;lt; .001). No other sleep characteristics were associated with depressive and anxious symptoms (r &amp;lt; .1, p &amp;gt; .59). Conclusion Health care providers should assess for the presence of depression and anxiety in people with IBD who regularly nap and report poor sleep quality. Future research regarding the treatment of sleep, depression, and anxiety is needed in this population. Support (If Any) American Nurses Foundation

Design for Pandemic Information: Examining the Effect of Graphs on Anxiety and Social Distancing Intentions in the COVID-19.

To increase public awareness and disseminate health information, the WHO and health departments worldwide have been visualizing the latest statistics on the spread of COVID-19 to increase awareness and thus reduce its spread. Within various sources, graphs are frequently used to illustrate COVID-19 datasets. Limited research has provided insights into the effect of different graphs on emotional stress and ineffective behavioral strategies from a cross-cultural perspective. The result of current research suggests a graph with a high proportion size of the colored area (e.g., stacked area graph) might increase people's anxiety and social distancing intentions; people in collectivist culture might have a high level of anxiety and social distancing intentions; the effect of different graphs on social distancing intentions is mediated by anxiety experienced. Theoretical contribution and practical implications on health communication were also discussed in this study.

Examining the Role of Resilience and Hope in Grit in Multiple Sclerosis.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resilience and hope on grit when controlling for demographic covariates, depression, and anxiety in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 348 participants with MS. Descriptive statistics were performed to examine participants' demographic characteristics. A three-step hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the extent to which resilience and hope explain the unique variance in grit while controlling for demographic covariates, depression, and anxiety. Findings suggested that resilience and hope explained a significant amount of variance in grit when controlling for demographic covariates, depression, and anxiety. Furthermore, higher resilience and hope scores were associated with higher grit scores. Given that resilience, hope, and grit are modifiable, rehabilitation and mental health professionals (e.g., psychologists, psychiatrists, rehabilitation counselors) can integrate strength-based interventions into their practices to bolster resilience, hope, and grit in people with MS. Our paper also has implications for interdisciplinary research and clinical practice.

Predicting the role of coping factors on pandemic-related anxiety.

The year 2020 saw the emergence of a worldwide pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus COVID-19. Measures against further spread of the virus were taken nearly everywhere in the world. Many countries also imposed social distancing rules and lockdowns on their population. This situation has caused a lot of fear and insecurity, along with reactance and even unrest in some countries. In this study, we measured the psychological concepts of resilience, reactance, positive schemas, social solidarity, and anxiety among psychiatric patients and in how far these factors influence their psychopathological anxiety during the pandemic. The aim was to better understand in what ways these factors influence pandemic anxiety to be able to reduce its negative psychological effects. Findings show a significant effect of positive schemas and social solidarity on the level of pandemic anxiety in a sample of psychiatric patients, but no correlation between resilience or reactance and pandemic anxiety. Based on these insights, the inclusion of positive schemas and social solidarity for therapy should be considered. Looking deeper into the relation between positive schemas and pandemic anxiety could provide insight into the different ways that schemas influence people’s anxiety and determine whether some of them are particularly important.

Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

Experiencing anxiety and depression is very common in people living with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). There is uncertainty about the best treatment approach. Drug treatments may be ineffective and associated with adverse effects. Guidelines recommend psychological treatments. In this updated systematic review, we investigated the effectiveness of different psychological treatment approaches. Primary objective To assess the clinical effectiveness of psychological interventions in reducing depression and anxiety in people with dementia or MCI. Secondary objectives To determine whether psychological interventions improve individuals' quality of life, cognition, activities of daily living (ADL), and reduce behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, and whether they improve caregiver quality of life or reduce caregiver burden. We searched ALOIS, the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group's register, MEDLINE, Embase, four other databases, and three trials registers on 18 February 2021. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a psychological intervention for depression or anxiety with treatment as usual (TAU) or another control intervention in people with dementia or MCI. A minimum of two authors worked independently to select trials, extract data, and assess studies for risk of bias. We classified the included psychological interventions as cognitive behavioural therapies (cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), behavioural activation (BA), problem-solving therapy (PST)); 'third-wave' therapies (such as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)); supportive and counselling therapies; and interpersonal therapies. We compared each class of intervention with control. We expressed treatment effects as standardised mean differences or risk ratios. Where possible, we pooled data using a fixed-effects model. We used GRADE methods to assess the certainty of the evidence behind each result. We included 29 studies with 2599 participants. They were all published between 1997 and 2020. There were 15 trials of cognitive behavioural therapies (4 CBT, 8 BA, 3 PST), 11 trials of supportive and counselling therapies, three trials of MBCT, and one of interpersonal therapy. The comparison groups received either usual care, attention-control education, or enhanced usual care incorporating an active control condition that was not a specific psychological treatment. There were 24 trials of people with a diagnosis of dementia, and five trials of people with MCI. Most studies were conducted in community settings. We considered none of the studies to be at low risk of bias in all domains. Cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT, BA, PST) Cognitive behavioural therapies are probably slightly better than treatment as usual or active control conditions for reducing depressive symptoms (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.23, 95% CI -0.37 to -0.10; 13 trials, 893 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). They may also increase rates of depression remission at the end of treatment (risk ratio (RR) 1.84, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.88; 2 studies, with one study contributing 2 independent comparisons, 146 participants; low-certainty evidence). We were very uncertain about the effect of cognitive behavioural therapies on anxiety at the end of treatment (SMD -0.03, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.30; 3 trials, 143 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Cognitive behavioural therapies probably improve patient quality of life (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.50; 7 trials, 459 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and activities of daily living at end of treatment compared to treatment as usual or active control (SMD -0.25, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.09; 7 trials, 680 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Supportive and counselling interventions Meta-analysis showed that supportive and counselling interventions may have little or no effect on depressive symptoms in people with dementia compared to usual care at end of treatment (SMD -0.05, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.07; 9 trials, 994 participants; low-certainty evidence). We were very uncertain about the effects of these treatments on anxiety, which was assessed only in one small pilot study. Other interventions There were very few data and very low-certainty evidence on MBCT and interpersonal therapy, so we were unable to draw any conclusions about the effectiveness of these interventions. CBT-based treatments added to usual care probably slightly reduce symptoms of depression for people with dementia and MCI and may increase rates of remission of depression. There may be important effect modifiers (degree of baseline depression, cognitive diagnosis, or content of the intervention). CBT-based treatments probably also have a small positive effect on quality of life and activities of daily living. Supportive and counselling interventions may not improve symptoms of depression in people with dementia. Effects of both types of treatment on anxiety symptoms are very uncertain. We are also uncertain about the effects of other types of psychological treatments, and about persistence of effects over time. To inform clinical guidelines, future studies should assess detailed components of these interventions and their implementation in different patient populations and in different settings.