After the end of the First World War, Amanullah Khan came to power with the contribution of the Afghan people and Reza Shah with the help of the British in the two countries of Afghanistan and Iran with a short distance from each other. Each of these kings in the early years of their reigns, trying to stabilize their position, preferred to postpone dealing with their fundamental differences in the borders, which were a legacy of the past, to another time and have good relations with each other. In this way, Amanullah Khan was a guest of Reza Shah on his return from his European trip and visited many cultural institutions and people of Iran, but due to his proximity to Turkey, Reza Shah meet him not closely when Amanullah Khan arrived in Kabul, his idea become change with Reza Shah that he was upset with Iran's government because of this, it caused the decline of Iran-Afghanistan political relations, also on the other hand Afghanistan and Iran are two countries with a common history in the period of Amanullah Khan (1919 – 1929 AD) had many fields to promote and expand of relations. There were still great global powers that always tried to prevent the expansion of political, economic, and cultural relations between the two countries, but the interest and desire of the two nations of Afghanistan and Iran led to the continuation and expansion of special cultural relations with the preservation and spread of the Persian language and literature. Despite many ups and downs of relations between the two countries, cultural relations have always been the area relied upon to improve the relations between the two neighboring countries. Because cultural relations have been expanded at this level, these relations have always been the basis and foundation for the expansion of relations for other sectors, or even the replacement of political relations, which have been the focus of attention.