Indonesia's Role In Conflict Resolution In Afghanistan Through Soft Power

Indonesia has been elected for the fourth time to become a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Indonesia with its free and active foreign policy is entrusted with this position. Indonesia will serve during the 2019-2020 period. Indonesia has done a lot for world peace in accordance with the 1945 Constitution and with its free and active political principles. The author wants to see the role of Indonesia in its membership in the UNSC in helping to bring about peace in conflicting countries, in this case Afghanistan. However, the long conflict between the United States and the Taliban can be contained and resolved properly. The UN Security Council has the responsibility for this, and Indonesia takes part in it. How Indonesia makes policies and takes a role as a member of the International Organization Agency, who has this sizeable responsibility. By using the theory of Conflict Resolution and international organizations as an analysis tool, the author will discuss Indonesia's role as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council in resolving the conflict in Afghanistan in 2019-2020.
 Keywords: Role, conflict, Peace

This article discusses Indonesia's gastrodiplomacy role in strengthening its position within BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) through a soft power approach. It explores how Indonesia leverages its rich culinary heritage as a diplomatic tool to enhance its influence on the international stage. Gastrodiplomacy is outlined as a strategy involving the promotion of local cuisines and culinary traditions to foster stronger ties with BRICS member states. In this context, BRICS is identified as a strategic opportunity for Indonesia to expand market access and enhance economic cooperation. The article also analyzes Indonesia's gastrodiplomacy practices, such as participating in international culinary festivals and promoting local food products, along with their impact on the nation's image. From a soft power perspective, the article concludes that gastrodiplomacy is an effective instrument for Indonesia to build broader diplomatic networks and solidify its position in the multipolar economic era.

Peace in the Central Asia region is a very dynamic situation and changes rapidly from time to time based on the important role of each country in the region. Various conflicts of interest occur in Afghanistan, ranging from the internal conflict in Afghanistan itself and external conflicts involving many countries including the United States, Israel, Russia, and so on. Indonesia, as one of the countries with the largest number of Muslims, also has a major concern for peace in the Central Asia region, especially Afghanistan. This study aims to analyze Indonesia's role in achieving peace in the Central Asia Region, especially in the Afghanistan conflict area. The approach used is the System Dynamic method approach. This method is expected to be able to provide scientific contributions in analyzing Indonesia's role in peace in the Afghanistan region so that it becomes the main basis and consideration in making important decisions and policies towards peace in Afghanistan. The results achieved in this study are several analyzes of the role of Indonesia which is very dynamic based on a systemic concept that produces a dynamic causal loop diagram system that reflects the dynamic efforts by Indonesia to participate in maintaining peace in Afghanistan, under the politics of a free and active Indonesian state.
 Keywords: Indonesia’s Important Role, Peace Afghanistan, System Dynamic Concept Approach.

This article explores the shifting global dynamics, focusing on the rise of East Asia, particularly China, and its impact on the Asia Pacific region. The South China Sea (SCS) emerges as a critical area with territorial disputes, notably China's assertive claims and the U.S.'s involvement, leading to heightened tensions. Indonesia's strategic position becomes pivotal in navigating these geopolitical shifts. The analysis emphasizes Indonesia's role in promoting a peaceful SCS region through its free and active policy and ASEAN membership. The Kantian Triangle, rooted in Liberalism theory, serves as a conceptual framework, highlighting the importance of democracy, economic interdependence, and international organizations in conflict resolution. Indonesia's engagement in regional organizations, especially ASEAN, is crucial for resolving SCS conflicts. The ASEAN Outlook On The Indo-Pacific (AOIP) reflects a commitment to inclusive cooperation, prioritizing shared interests. The article underscores Indonesia's efforts to balance relations with the U.S. and China through economic cooperation, contributing to regional stability. Indonesia's economic ties with both nations, guided by the principles of the Kantian Triangle, aim to foster cooperation and reduce the potential for conflict in the SCS. In conclusion, Indonesia's strategic positioning and active diplomatic role positions it as a key mediator, contributing to lasting peace in the SCS amidst the competition between major powers.

In recent years, a number of foreign policy concepts declared the importance of using the instruments of "soft power" to promote the national interests of a country. Soft power is the ability through political values, culture and foreign policy to influence others by forming attractiveness [18]. Germany is generally recognized as the leader in the resources of "soft power." The article discusses what kind of resources are deployed by Germany to increase its "soft power" in the Muslim direction of foreign policy. The Muslim world has its own specifics, which complicate the use of instruments of "soft power." Countries with large Muslim population are difficult to influence, as they differ from Europe in the civilizational respect, have their own customs and traditions which they strictly follow because of the nature of Muslim religion. The author notes that in the Muslim direction of foreign policy the problem for Germany lies in the fact that the formation of its attractiveness resulted in a significant flow of immigration of Muslims in the country. A part of immigrant Muslims tries to live isolated from European society, professes radical currents ofIslam and participates in military conflicts abroad, participation in which in the role of active player is ruled out by Germany. Failure to integrate them into German society and the lack of progress in the formation of its positive image in the Muslim countries resulted, on the one hand, in the split of German society, on the other hand, in the threat of absorption by foreign civilization, as it is observed now in Germany the presence of "soft power" of Muslim countries, which use its former and current citizens to influence German political course. The article was written within the constructivist methodology, which consider the "soft power" as a way of construction of social reality with the use of tangible and intangible resources for the formation of an attractive image of Germany in world politics.

Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine and Israel are areas that never subside from conflict. One of Indonesia's foreign policy policies is free and active politics and Indonesia's role in the international arena as stated in the Preamble the 1945 Constitution is to participate in maintaining world peace, the embodiment of this policy is Indonesia's active role in implementing Global Governance under the umbrella of the United Nations. One of these active roles is that Indonesia is a member of the UN Security Council. Indonesia plays a role in the Unifil Garuda contingent as a manifestation of the implementation of world peace. The Garuda contingent, apart from having be equipped with military tactical skills for war, must also be equipped with cross-cultural understaffing as a form of soft diplomacy where Indonesia must be able know the local wisdom of the Lebanese people and be able convey Indonesian interests in Lebanon. Related institutions have not been optimal in seeing cross cultural understanding as a force that must be prepared. This research uses descriptive method, according Lukman Yudho Prakoso the phenomena that occur by formulating them through sentences. The conclusion of this paper is the need for a more optimal effort from the relevant institutions further enhance cross-cultural understanding efforts understand the socio-cultural conditions of the Lebanese people and introduce the socio-cultural conditions of Indonesia.

Why has an increase in personal piety among Indonesia's Muslims not translated into electoral gains for Islamic political parties? To help explain this conundrum, this article focuses on the role of Indonesia's mass Islamic social organisations, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah. Using a political economy lens, it argues that control over state resources and the provision of social welfare facilities have helped political parties maintain power over the years and that NU and Muhammadiyah have at times played important mediating roles in this process. Extending this analysis into Indonesia's contemporary politics, it then proposes that since 2004 in particular, the health and education facilities provided by NU and Muhammadiyah are becoming less important to ordinary people in relation to the services provided by the state. It concludes that this trend has weakened the ability of these organisations to channel public support to political parties/candidates and is one reason why Islamic parties have not been able to capitalise on increased religiosity in the social sphere.

This study examined the relationships between forgiveness, conflict resolution, and marital satisfaction using a sample of 300 married individuals. Correlation, regression, and mediation analyses were conducted to assess the predictive role of forgiveness and conflict resolution in marital satisfaction. The findings revealed that forgiveness and conflict resolution significantly predicted marital satisfaction, accounting for 96% of the variance (R² = .960, p < .001). Forgiveness demonstrated a stronger effect (B = 0.805, p < .001) than conflict resolution (B = 0.363, p < .001). Mediation analysis indicated that conflict resolution partially mediated the relationship between forgiveness and marital satisfaction (indirect effect = 0.292, p < .001), suggesting that while forgiveness directly enhances marital satisfaction, its effect is also facilitated through improved conflict resolution. These findings highlight the importance of fostering forgiveness and effective conflict resolution strategies to promote marital satisfaction.

Religion is two blades which one side can be a tool to legitimize stabbing humans, but on the other hand can be a source of hope. Religion in the Afghanistan conflict is not only a justification for jihadist acts, but also a hidden cause of conflict between religious communities there which gave birth to ethnic and religious group disintegration. This is compounded by the absence of structural institutions that accommodate national unity. The difficulty of reconciliation carried out by state actors and international organizations in the resolution of the Afghanistan conflict has led to the use of second-track diplomacy to help resolve this never-ending revolution. The appointment of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) which is a religious-based civil society organization as a mediator by Indonesia in supporting reconciliation efforts is the turning point of the conflict transformation effort in Afghanistan. NU has a vision to create positive peace that aims to mitigate religious teachings in contributing to the conflict and eliminate the justification of religion as a tool to perpetuate civil conflict. In the context of public diplomacy, NU uses a model of religious diplomacy that can be defined as "the use of religion to communicate with the global public as a way to overcome the Afghan conflict”. This paper seeks to explain how NU uses religious diplomacy in conflict transformation efforts in Afghanistan.

The 1965 tragedy that befell the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) left deep wounds on Indonesian society. Reconciliation efforts between these two groups still face various challenges, both from the government and from the people. This research aims to examine the Syarikat Indonesia people's movement, which is one of the reconciliation initiatives between the PKI and NU. This research also wants to know the function of the Company as a social movement that seeks to change society. This research uses qualitative methods that integrate text analysis and interviews with Syarikat members and sympathizers. The data collected was then analyzed using a social movement theoretical framework. This research provides a new contribution by revealing the dynamics and obstacles faced by the Company in carrying out reconciliation. This research also shows how the Syarikat provides an alternative narrative about the events of 1965 that differs from the official state narrative. In addition, this research highlights the role and impact of Syarikat in promoting democratization and social justice in Indonesia.

Indonesia's year for global health diplomacy

This study aims to determine the steps of the Indonesian Government in realizing peace in Afghanistan with a soft power approach and also economic consequences. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data was obtained utilizing observation and literature study. This research was conducted over two years of 2020 and 2021 on Indonesia’s soft power efforts in Afghanistan. This study involved six policy makers in Indonesian foreign policy, especially soft power and soft diplomacy in Afghanistan. Respondents were asked to assess the various strategies Indonesia had undertaken to use soft power in Afghanistan to maintain world peace due to the rise of terrorism issues. The results show that Indonesia has a few strategies through a soft power approach in maintaining peace in Afghanistan. First, the two heads of state held a meeting. Second, the two KBRI institutions discussed with research institutions, Afghan community leaders, and the Indonesian embassy in Indonesia held a meeting with the Afghan scholar movement and the Peace Council. These three strategies can have a good impact on peace in Afghanistan.

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has adversely affected global stability and triggered crises. Indonesia took the initiative to facilitate the peace mission. This study aims to analyze the concept and application of soft power strategies in Indonesia’s diplomacy related to the peace mission in the Russia-Ukraine Conflict. A qualitative explanatory method is used to explain the reasons underlying this move. Data collection was conducted through a literature study, while data analysis used a qualitative approach. Soft Power Theory was used as a theoretical framework to understand how Indonesia uses its power of attraction in diplomacy, while the First Track Diplomacy Concept became the foundation to understand the government’s direct role in resolving conflicts. The results showed that Indonesia used the first line diplomacy instrument as part of its peace mission in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. This is realized through the use of dialogue, negotiation, and cooperation efforts made by both countries. This is in line with Indonesia’s Soft Power goals which seek to improve security in the external environment through the projection of an image as a peaceful and attractive country. KEYWORDS Conflict; Indonesian Diplomacy; Russia-Ukraine; Soft Power

The local wisdom values of the Acehnese have proven to be used as a mechanism in conflict resolution. The problem of conflict is not only the social reality of the people of Aceh, but it has become a problem for the world community. Many conflicts occur in communities that require deep knowledge and broad insight into adat so that they can be resolved through deliberation and consensus. Knowledge of local wisdom and insight into customary-based conflict resolution is not evenly distributed among gampong apparatus, therefore this community service aims to strengthen the role of local wisdom-based conflict resolution to create peace in Gampong Meunasah Mesjid, Muara Dua sub-district, Lhokseumawe City. The method used is strengthening and capacity building. Stages of implementation, problem identification, program implementation in the form of training. So that it is hoped that capacity and knowledge development will be achieved, improvement of the social and cultural values of the community. The benefits and impacts of this training are that the community will gain a strengthened understanding of customary values and local wisdom that can be used as a means of conflict resolution in the national legal system; strengthening understanding of customary values and local wisdom according to Islamic law; the establishment of partnerships, friendship and cooperation between the campus and the community in maintaining peace in the community; preservation and improvement of values and the role of conflict resolution in sociological and cultural contexts in society.

Turkey’s State Crisis: Institutions, Reform and Conflict