Different Groups Of People Research Articles

Gender-Ethnicity Intersectionality in Climate Change Adaptation in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh

Climate change effects are not uniform and have disproportionate impacts among different groups of people within communities. It is therefore important to understand the underlying issues of intersectionality for climate change adaptation and human well-being. This paper aims to measure human capabilities and freedom of choice by analyzing perceived climate change impacts and current climate change adaptation ability among ethnic and non-ethnic communities in Bangladesh. This study applies a range of participatory rural appraisal tools and key informant interviews to assess impacts of climate change when considering gender and ethnicity. Women in the coastal regions have less access to resources and services because of social capital and cultural practices and this directly or indirectly influences their adaptation to climate change. Women have limited or no participation in decision-making processes at family or community levels and this impacts their vulnerability and well-being. In consequence, women’s capabilities must be focused on moderating their vulnerability and risk, and developing effective adaptation to the adverse impacts of climate change and natural hazards.

Mental Health Literacy and Stigma in a Municipality in the North of Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Portugal has Europe's second-highest prevalence of psychiatric illnesses, and this is the reason why mental health literacy (MHL) and stigma should be addressed. This study aimed to investigate the mental health literacy and stigma levels among different groups of people from Póvoa de Varzim, a municipality in the north of Portugal. Students, retired people, and professionals (education, social, and healthcare fields) were recruited using a convenience sample from June to November 2022. Participants' MHL levels were evaluated using the Mental Health Promoting Knowledge Scale (MHPK), Mental Health Literacy Measure (MHLM) and Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS). Stigma levels were evaluated using Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness (CAMI) and the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale (RIBS). A total of 928 questionnaires were filed. The respondents included 65.70% of women, a mean age of 43.63 (±26.71) years and 9.87 (±4.39) years of school education. MHL increased with age, education level and was higher in women (p < 0.001). A higher level of MHL was seen in health professionals (p < 0.001). Findings revealed that older people stigmatized people with mental illness more (p < 0.001), and the female gender stigmatize less (p < 0.001). In addition, results showed that stigma decreased with higher mental health literacy (r between 0.11 and 0.38; p < 0.001). To conclude, specific campaigns that promote mental health literacy should be tailored to specific profiles within this population to address those that have more stigma.

From stereotype to reality: A pilot study on the use of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and STEAM in design education in Taiwan

Currently, STEAM interventions in design education are a relatively new phenomenon. A design education system derives from three major ideas from the Bauhaus: (1) art and technology: a new unity; (2) human-centered design; and (3) interdisciplinarity, which is the essence and connotation of STEAM. In the transition from STEM to STEAM, the concept and mindset of art connect the four disciplines within STEM, elevating these tools and methods into a strategy. It is urgently necessary for design educators to restructure their curriculum using STEAM models and thought. However, there is no evidence that the integration of these disciplines will improve design education for the public. Consequently, this study examines the perception of educators and the public regarding the use of STEAM in design education. Using expert interviews, six design schools were selected as samples, and questionnaires were used to collect and analyze the views of different groups of people. According to the results, the expert group scored fairly high; and other groups will form stereotypes based on the characteristics of the school, resulting in a polarized assessment of STEAM. All groups displayed cognitive differences in many aspects. It is evident from this study that the STEAM model should be incorporated into design education; however, it is necessary to determine objectively the relationship between the five attributes and their relative importance within different design fields. Under the premise of complying with policies, regulations, and the actual situation of the school, the design of the curriculum planning needs to be adjusted and supplemented in a timely manner according to the STEAM model. Specifically, it cannot be arranged arbitrarily for STEAM, but it should also let students understand what STEAM is about so that they can understand why these courses exist. Furthermore, researchers should examine the effectiveness of these courses over time by conducting a phased retrospective.

Immortal-time bias in older vs younger age groups: a simulation study with application to a population-based cohort of patients with colon cancer

BackgroundIn observational studies, the risk of immortal-time bias (ITB) increases with the likelihood of early death, itself increasing with age. We investigated how age impacts the magnitude of ITB when estimating the effect of surgery on 1-year overall survival (OS) in patients with Stage IV colon cancer aged 50–74 and 75–84 in England.MethodsUsing simulations, we compared estimates from a time-fixed exposure model to three statistical methods addressing ITB: time-varying exposure, delayed entry and landmark methods. We then estimated the effect of surgery on OS using a population-based cohort of patients from the CORECT-R resource and conducted the analysis using the emulated target trial framework.ResultsIn simulations, the magnitude of ITB was larger among older patients when their probability of early death increased or treatment was delayed. The bias was corrected using the methods addressing ITB. When applied to CORECT-R data, these methods yielded a smaller effect of surgery than the time-fixed exposure approach but effects were similar in both age groups.ConclusionITB must be addressed in all longitudinal studies, particularly, when investigating the effect of exposure on an outcome in different groups of people (e.g., age groups) with different distributions of exposure and outcomes.

Multiculturalism from Below: Indigeneity and the Struggle for Recognition in Thailand

This article highlights the political work Indigenous activists in Thailand carried out in recent years in claiming Indigenous status and pressing for legal and political recognition by the Thai state. I frame this work as a form of “multiculturalism from below” geared more toward inclusion and accommodation than sovereignty and decolonization. This makes the movement distinct from many other parts of the Indigenous world. I further frame the activists’ movement as a form of “governmentality from below” in that they are adopting a highly conscious strategy of self-surveying and self-enumeration that aims to define and render visible Thailand’s diversity while legitimizing their cultural claims and performances of Indigeneity. This case drives home the point that Indigeneity is a highly malleable concept that, while usable by different groups of people in different moments, brings with it constraints and possibilities reflecting the nature of relations between those groups and the state.

Research on the Influence of Social Media Platforms on Consumers’ Purchase Intention

Since the increasing importance of social media online advertisement, the area has existed a large amount of research. The majority of the paper focuses on the effectiveness and content of online advertisements. However, the relationship between social media platforms and the effectiveness of online advertisement seems to be less concentrated in this area. This paper seeks to solve this issue in the online advertisement by providing a methodology and a way to measure and analyze the data. The methodology used in this paper is a survey. This paper focuses on two particular platforms, Bilibili and WeChat, and the comparison is made in three specific kinds of products, including electronic devices, food, and clothes. Assuming Bilibili and WeChat target different groups of people in different areas, this paper further provides suggestions to the enterprise. This paper also includes some suggestions for increasing the social media platform performance and boosting the consumers’ purchase intention.

Human populations are not biologically and genetically discrete.

Human populations are not biologically and genetically discrete.

COVID-19 and culture

Abstract The USA has been particularly hard hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and a wide spatial variation can be seen in its spread and mortality. This raises the question of why some regions are more resilient to the pandemic than others? We hypothesize that the individualism–collectivism cleavage explains the disparity in COVID-19 cases observed across sub-national units in the USA. Cultural disparity among different groups of people leads to differences in how they perceive health crises and thereby shapes the way they respond to pandemics. A heightened sense of obligation and responsibility increases in-group sociability and interdependence and raises the perceived vulnerability towards disease transmission among collectivistic individuals, and this leads to greater adherence to containment measures and social distancing rules. Our results provide evidence that more individualistic states tend to have more COVID-19 cases across the USA.

Investigating the Relationship between the Traffic Load in the Place of Residence and Noise Sensitivity and Aggression in Housewives: A Case Study in Yazd City

Background and aim: Exposure to noise causes auditory and psychological effects in humans. Among the sources of sound generation are the means of transportation, which can cause anger and aggression. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between living in different places in terms of traffic and noise sensitivity with aggression in housewives in Yazd city.&#x0D; Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019-2020 among housewives in Yazd city. First, the city of Yazd was divided into three areas with high, medium and low traffic using GIS software, and 100 people from each area, were included in the study in a stratified random manner. Information was collected using Weinstein's bass and Perry questionnaires and sensitivity to sound. Finally, the data was statistically analyzed using SPSS version 24 and R version 4.0.2.&#x0D; Findings: Findings revealed that those who lived in high traffic have a higher aggression score (P-Value=0.009), while no significant difference was observed in the noise sensitivity score among people of different groups (P value=0.071). In addition, a direct and significant relationship was observed between aggression and sensitivity to sound (r=0.28 and P value&lt;0.001). Only two variables of noise sensitivity and place of residence were included in the regression model and (R Square) was equal to 0.096.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results showed that the two factors of traffic load and noise sensitivity have a direct and significant relationship with aggression score among housewives in Yazd city. It is also suggested to use different sound insulation and barriers in buildings.

Public perception on Law of Sedition in the light of Freedom of Expression guaranteed by the Constitution of India – An Empirical Analysis

More than a century in India, the controversial Law of Sedition Sec. 124A of IPC has been debated vociferously by a gamut of people like Legislators, Law enforcement officers, Activists, Sections of media, Political parties and Advocacy organizations. These debates have been happening between two set of people, who asks for abrogation of this provision of sedition law and people who supports in retention of this contentious provision of Law. Simultaneously, along with these raging debates, courts also have pronounced a mixture of judgments that validated the constitutional integrity, amending the scope of application of section 124 A of IPC. In a thriving democracy like India, it becomes imperative to understand the will of people in choosing between right of expression guaranteed by our constitution and safety of our nation.&#x0D; In this paper, researchers have attempted to gauge the public opinion towards the Law on Sedition through a survey using a structured questionnaire, as a tool to collect responses. It’s a known fact for everyone that how much significant is to know the will of people in a large functioning democratic country like India. In most of the available literature on this subject of Sedition Law Sec. 124A of IPC, it’s always researcher who forms or holds one opinion then strives to find supporting evidence to strengthen their opinion. Therefore, a research gap exists, that’s to find the will of people through a systematic response system. So, one of the large questions before the researchers is to find out the perception of people in choosing between unrestricted rights of speech or protecting integrity and security of nation. Sedition laws are certainly important to preserve peace and security of nation, however at the same time application of this sec.124A IPC has been extremely questioned, because of misuse by successive governments irrespective of the parties that governed it.&#x0D; In the main article the authors try to interpret the responses collected from different groups of people on Sedition Law and also will analyse the live FIR executed on Law of Sedition.

Inconsistent Association between Perceived Air Quality and Self-Reported Respiratory Symptoms: A Pilot Study and Implications for Environmental Health Studies.

As public awareness of air quality issues becomes heightened, people's perception of air quality is drawing increasing academic interest. However, data about people's perceived environment need scrutiny before being used in environmental health studies. In this research, we examine the associations between people's perceptions of air quality and their self-reported respiratory health symptoms. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were estimated and the associations were tested at the 95% confidence level. Using data collected from participants in two representative communities in Hong Kong, the results indicate a weak but significant association between people's perceived air quality and their self-reported frequency of respiratory symptoms. However, there are disparities in such an association between different genders, age groups, household income levels, education levels, marital statuses, and geographic contexts. The most striking disparities are between genders and geographic contexts. Multiple significant associations were observed for male participants (correlation coefficients: 0.169~0.205, p-values: 0.021~0.049), while none was observed for female participants. Besides, multiple significant associations were observed in the old town (correlation coefficients: 0.164~0.270, p-values: 0.003~0.048), while none was observed in the new town. The results have significant implications for environmental health research using social media data, whose reliability depends on the association between people's perceived or actual environments and their health outcomes. Since inconsistent associations exist between different groups of people, researchers need to scrutinize social media data before using them in health studies.

Neighborhood Environment and Affective Walking Experience: Cluster Analysis Results of a Virtual-Environment-Based Conjoint Experiment.

There is empirical evidence that neighborhood environment characteristics influence individuals' self-reported affective walking experiences. However, much of the research investigates residents' affective walking experiences at the neighborhood level using revealed-preference methodologies, making it difficult to identify the separate impacts of characteristics. In addition, empirical studies have not shown enough evidence that individuals from different sociodemographic backgrounds have distinct affective walking experiences. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to explain how different groups of people perceive the characteristics of a neighborhood differently. To do this, this study conducts a conjoint experiment employing videos of virtual environments involving a sample of 295 respondents. Using a latent-class regression model and a multinomial logit model, we are able to determine how individuals and groups perceive neighborhood characteristics differently based on their different emotions. The results somewhat confirmed the findings of the empirical research, indicating that land use mix, connectivity, road size, open space, and greenery are related to a positive walking experience. The level of affective walking experience that individuals associate with neighborhood environmental characteristics is, however, considerably variable. Therefore, our results show that open space and road width are crucial for a walkable neighborhood since they are most helpful to individuals' subjective well-being.

Efficacy, Effectiveness, and Safety of Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Immunocompromised Patients

The varicella-zoster is a dangerous virus that has the potential to lead to many fatal conditions. People with low immune systems tend to be affected by this virus and they are more prone to HZ and its complications. This virus can't be treated with an antiviral drug as they may not respond to them. It's important to note that the live attenuated vaccine and the adjuvant recombinant subunit vaccine have different characteristics and recommended uses for individuals with compromised immune systems. This paper aims to assess these vaccines' efficacy, effectiveness, and safety in such individuals. However, autoimmune therapy may create more side effects which can be more in the injection use. In conclusion, vaccination is a measure against HZ and its complications for people with compromised immune systems. The RZV vaccine is widely regarded as the choice because it has shown effectiveness and is considered safe, for different groups of people, with weakened immune systems. For people, with slight immune-compromised, the ZVL vaccine might be a choice. However, it's crucial to assess each situation on a basis.

��ֲ������ ��������� ϲ���Ȫ����� �� ���������� ���������� ��в����� ������� ���ϲ������

This article aims to consider examples of organisations that follow the concept of social marketing, to analyse the relevance of applying the principles, methods and tools of social marketing to solve social problems, and determining the effect of applying the concept of socially responsible marketing at the enterprise. The theoretical, methodological, and practical basis of the research was the fundamental marketing provisions and scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on social marketing. During the processing and analysis of information, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis were used. Social marketing methods and tools are more trusted than commercial ones, as it affects a larger part of the population; promotes active behaviour change over a certain period of time; stimulates behaviour change with limited resources and develops creative ideas. Social marketing focuses on human benefit rather than on increasing economic opportunities. It is important to meet the social needs and interests of customers and society, so the concept of social marketing creates a marketing strategy that offers consumers the value of improving the well-being of all segments of the population. It is a more complex version of corporate social responsibility and marketing strategy. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is to further deepen the theoretical provisions, to develop scientific and methodological principles and practical recommendations regarding the application of tools, methods and principles of social marketing in the enterprise. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the use of social marketing in an enterprise helps to create a positive image of the company among consumers, which will increase sales due to the formation of a holistic perception of the company by different groups of people. The concept of social marketing focuses on social responsibility and is closely linked to long-term development. Social marketing is a market activity whose priority is to improve the lives of individuals, social groups, and society as a whole. Key words: business project, environmental friendliness, public interests, product competitiveness, social marketing concept, brand loyalty, social marketing initiatives, socially responsible marketing.

Цифровая грамотность в информационном пространстве в условиях современности

From online political campaigns to social Internet clubs, the environment of mass participation in Kazakhstan is becoming increasingly mediated by digital technologies or tools. In this article, the authors argue that digital literacy, or the ability to use electronic tools to extract, evaluate and create information, has become necessary for participation in various mass events and social activity in Kazakhstan, including those activities that relate to the sphere of social membership, civic, political and online participation. Using data from a nationally representative survey, several findings were illustrated that point to the power of digital literacy skills in empowering the public to participate in social networks, political activities and online social activism. In the course of the work, the following research questions arose – to what extent is digital literacy a predictor of mass participation? Due to the rapid development of technology, it is becoming increasingly difficult to pinpoint changes in technology and how they are used by different groups of people. The results obtained are of particular interest and can be used in research on digital literacy problems. The factual material that has entered scientific circulation, conclusions, assessments, and suggestions of the authors allow them to be used when creating general works on the issues under study

Effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in different populations

Moderate exercise can improve the health level and cognitive function of individuals. Previous studies have shown that the improvement effect will vary with age and population, and the sensitivity of cognitive function to exercise in different groups is different. This paper will summarize the differences and similarities of exercise intervention effects and the mechanism behind it from four groups of people who have been paid a lot of attention by researchers, including children, adolescents, the elderly and patients with cognitive deficits, in order to find out suitable exercise ways for different groups of people to improve their cognitive function and provide help.

The complexities of urban informality: A multi-dimensional analysis of residents' perceptions of life, inequality, and access in an Iranian informal settlement

Informal settlements constitute a prominent form of urbanization across the world. The rapid growth of Yazd presents an example of informal urbanization in Iran at the nexus of development, poverty, and inequality. While scholarship on urban informality is abundant, a lacuna exists in the literature on systematic quantitative research on informality among urban residents. The present study investigates residents' perceptions regarding informality and captures their responses before and after the expansion of an informal settlement in Yazd. Through this quantitative research, we aim to articulate and highlight specific domains of informality, offering a framework assessing the complexities of informality that extend beyond only Iranian informal settlements. This paper analyzes the status of urban informality and migration in terms of their social, economic, physical, environmental, and urban management characteristics in “Airport Neighborhood”, a prominent Yazd neighborhood. This paper seeks to add theoretical and empirical depth to the categorization of distinct yet overlapping domains of informality. Our quantitative approach to migration and informality informs our central research question: How does the complexity of informality affect different groups of people living in one informal settlement? We find that recent migrants to the settlement are less involved in urban governance, women experience improved work opportunities after moving to the informal settlement but remain marginalized, and insufficient and poorly maintained infrastructure operates as a significant barrier to socio-economic stability and mobility. We also find that urban settlement results in increased debt among residents in Airport Neighborhood, and that youth unemployment is a significant issue that did not improve for recent migrants to the neighborhood despite young people citing employment as a key motivating factor for migration. Our empirical work highlights the theoretical complexity of informality, as subgroups of people face varying challenges that correlate with their age, gender, and time spent in a particular informal settlement.

In Their Own Words: Forgotten Women Pilots of Early Aviation by Fred Erisman

Reviewed by: In Their Own Words: Forgotten Women Pilots of Early Aviation by Fred Erisman Caroline Tapp (bio) In Their Own Words: Forgotten Women Pilots of Early Aviation By Fred Erisman. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 2021. Pp. 242. In a succinct work capturing the rise and decline of the golden age of American aviation through the lives and writings of eight women pilots, Fred Erisman's In Their Own Words offers an engaging reassessment of the era of early flight. In six chapter case studies, Erisman presents the stories of eight women fliers by mining their published books, memoirs, and hundreds of magazines and newspapers. Intertwining biography, cultural history, and literary analysis, Erisman delves into the lives of Harriet Quimby, Ruth Law, Katherine and Marjorie Stinson, Amelia Earhart, Louise Thaden, Ruth Nichols, and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Tracing their stories chronologically from 1910 through World War II, he connects the experiences of these early aviators to major themes in American society, including the women's movement, the world wars, westward expansion, and the space race. In doing so, Erisman underscores the power of personal voice in the progress narrative of aviation in American life. At a quick glance, the work's organization suggests a standard biographical approach, yet the themes presented within each chapter offer a compelling analysis of the relationship between feminism, technological advancement, and American culture. As Erisman argues, early women fliers simultaneously excelled in piloting various aircraft while defending their ability to do so to the public. Through a careful analysis of the women's viewpoints and experiences, he reminds readers that men were not the only ones to promote the value of aviation. In centering women not as passive participants but as pilots and promotional voices for the value of a new technology, he shows that the aircraft serves a dual purpose in the history of both technological development and the broader social and political contexts of the United States. Erisman's rhetorical analysis reveals valuable insights throughout, including the example of Louise Thaden's differentiation between flying and flight (ch. 4). Thaden viewed technological change and innovation affecting the practical ability to pilot an aircraft as "flying." "Flight," however, remained the pure essence of discovery intuitive to humanity. This slight yet vital differentiation in word choice highlights one of Erisman's buried claims regarding early aviation's potential as a democratic enterprise. Whether commenting on women's rights (ch. 2), aerial war (ch. 4), or the individual ownership of airplanes (ch. 5), these women reveal aviation as integral to American society. Ultimately, Erisman suggests that the end of World War II and the lack of a widely accepted and publicly identifiable spokesperson for women in aviation led to the decline of women pilots and democratic dreams of flight. Though their vision went unfulfilled, these women's writings capture the potential of access and opportunity that encompassed American aviation's golden age. [End Page 273] Erisman's work serves as a complement to existing works on women in early aviation, including those by Claudia Oakes, Deborah Douglas, and Henry Holden. Throughout the book, he expands on the work of Joseph Corn to compare women fliers' words with the theories of the "winged gospel." While previous cultural histories tend to recognize the American public as the gatekeeper of women's validity in pursuing flight, this account recenters public correspondence not about women but by women. For historians of technology, this work underscores the power of written sources to elucidate the interactions with and impact of technology on different groups of people. It highlights important themes such as access, ability, and public reception of operators of technology. While Erisman directly addresses the omission of the African American flying community as a result of few writings by women of color, an intersectional analysis would only add to the work's value as a social and cultural history, particularly when engaging themes of democracy and freedom. As the Federal Aviation Administration and other organizations take seriously the cultural barriers impacting the aviation industry, Erisman's book reminds historians and the general public that women pilots have long recognized culture's role as a presumed segregating force in technological mastery. It...

The Vitality of Public Space and the Effects of Environmental Factors in Chinese Suburban Rural Communities Based on Tourists and Residents

The vitality of public space in rural communities is an important symbol of rural revitalization, especially in suburban rural communities. Previous studies focused on rural industries and ignored the effects of the spatial environment on different groups of people. Hence, this study takes the public space of suburban rural communities as an example and uses Global Positioning System (GPS) and cognitive mapping data to establish a new vibrancy assessment system for tourists and residents, respectively. The effects of the public space environment and space vitality in suburban rural communities are revealed through ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The results suggested that: (I) There were pronounced seasonal changes and spatial distribution differences in the space vitality of tourists, while residents were concentrated in fixed public spaces. (II) For tourists, the public space vitality in rural communities was affected by seven factors, including accessibility, seats, green looking ratio, recreational facilities, water area, plant species richness, and plant color composition. Green looking ratio and water area had a negative impact. For residents, the public space vitality in rural communities was affected by five factors, including shelter facilities, seats, accessibility, space type, fitness facilities. Only fitness facilities had a negative effect. Our research proposed a feasible and effective method to assess the vitality of rural public space in rural communities, and the finding from this study provides significant implications for the development and planning of suburban rural communities oriented by vitality.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ВРАХУВАННЯ КООПЕРОВАНОЇ ФОРМИ ЕКСПЛУАТАЦІЇ ПРИ ФОРМУВАННІ СПОРТИВНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ

This article is devoted to the issue of cooperative operation of sports facilities of educational institutions by residents of nearby residential areas. Our interest in this question is based on the problem of low involvement of the population of Ukraine in physical culture and sports, as well as the lack of capacity of the existing network of sports facilities of the country. Considered several scientific papers in which the question of cooperative operation of sports facilities of educational institutions by residents of nearby areas. It is noted that the sports facilities of educational institutions make up a large part of the network of sports facilities of the country. However, most of the existing educational institutions sporting facilities have been built without taking into account the possibility of use by different groups of people. The article considers several characteristic features of such sports facilities that make their use by residents of nearby areas inconvenient. Both the functional aspect (the location of the object in the back of the site; location of sports halls on the upper or basement floors of educational buildings, etc.), and the semantic (expressiveness and informativeness of the environment) and aesthetic aspects are considered. The question of the motivational capacity of higher education institutions' sports complexes is raised. The modern state of a network of sports facilities at higher educational institutions is considered. The question of the negative influence of their obsolete and in need of repair condition on the motivation of visitors and the effectiveness of the process of physical education on their basis is highlighted. Insufficient attention to the issue of cooperative operation of the sports complex of higher educational institutions by other groups of the population is noted. In particular, the question of taking this form of operation into account when calculating the simultaneous capacity of a higher education institution's sports complex remains unclear. This issue requires further study.