Dangerous People Research Articles

Environmental Impact and Sustainable Solutions for Pharmaceutical Waste Management: An Empirical Investigation

The expansion of the pharmaceutical industry has raised concerns about the environmental repercussions stemming from pharmaceutical waste. Inadequate management of waste and disposal have caused hazardous chemicals to be released into the environment, putting the wildlife and people in danger. This summary delves into the environmental consequences of pharmaceutical waste and highlights sustainable solutions for efficient waste management. Pharmaceutical waste encompasses expired or unused medications, packaging materials, and by-products from manufacturing processes. It contains biologically active compounds that can persist in the environment for extended periods. These materials have been found in lakes, soil, and animals, and can cause an imbalance in the ecology and can damage different marine species. To make matters worse, incorrect disposal of pharmaceutical drugs can pollute drinking water, thus posing a serious risk to people's health. Addressing these pressing issues necessitates the implementation of sustainable solutions for pharmaceutical waste management. This abstract explores various approaches, including source reduction, proper disposal practices, and the adoption of advanced treatment technologies. Source reduction involves minimizing the generation of pharmaceutical waste by implementing measures such as improved inventory management and the development of eco-friendly manufacturing processes. Less waste generated can help the environment. The right way to discard medicines is to drop them off at designated areas or take advantage of return programs. These initiatives aim to prevent inappropriate disposal of pharmaceuticals in household waste or by flushing them down the toilet. By establishing dedicated channels for disposal, the risks of environmental contamination can be significantly reduced. Additionally, the exploration of advanced treatment technologies, such as incineration, chemical treatment, and biodegradation, is crucial for effective pharmaceutical waste management. These technologies aim to eliminate or neutralize hazardous compounds present in pharmaceutical waste, thereby minimizing the environmental impact.

Impact of Parental Bonding on Alexithymia and Psychological Distress among Pakistani Adolescents

Aim: This study explored the relationship between parental bonding, alexithymia, and psychological distress among Pakistani adolescents.
 Methods: This was a quantitative research and data was obtained from a sample of 350 adolescents from different school colleges and universities of Pakistan. The cross-sectional research design was used in the current study. Three scales; Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to measure the variables. Pearson- product moment correlation and regression analysis were computed using SPSS version 21.
 Results: The study found a positive relationship between parental bonding (authoritarianism, protectiveness), alexithymia and psychological distress among adolescents.
 Conclusion: Poor parental bonding leads to alexithymia and psychological distress among Pakistani adolescents. This information is steady with the possibility that unfavourable nurturing and over security leads to poor personality traits (alexithymia) and also puts young people in danger for the improvement of psychological distress.
 Recommendations: Future researchers are recommended to incorporate adolescents of broken families to determine the relationship for more appropriate outcomes.

Giving Assimilation for Prisoners in Gorontalo Penitentiary During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic in early 2020 was a problem in Indonesia. To protect prisoners during a pandemic, it is necessary to make regulations related to assimilation programs for prisoners. This research combines normative and empirical research by studying norms relating to the terms and procedures for granting assimilation to inmates during a pandemic and looking directly at the implementation of assimilation during a pandemic in Class IIA Gorontalo Prison. The results of the study show that the assimilation program for prisoners is regulated in two ministerial regulations in the field of Law and Human Rights. It was found that 193 prisoners receiving the assimilation program in 2020, 100 people in 2021, and 77 people in 2022. Obstacles faced by Class IIA Gorontalo Prison in implementing the granting of assimilation and integration rights are internal constraints related to clients, human resources, social assistants and prison officers, as well as the implementation system. External barriers are related to the culture of the Gorontalo people who still tend to have a negative stigma against convicts and choose to give social punishment by staying away from convicts because they are considered dangerous people.

Detection and Counter Measure of Packet Misrouting by GPS-Free Positioning of Ad-Hoc Nodes

The ad-hoc networks are a developing area of research with a large and wide variety of applications and related requirements. The nodes participating in an ad-hoc network use different routing protocols to send their packets from one node to another. But most of the time, the ad-hoc network is not suitable for urgent needs. For this, an ad-hoc network GPS-free positioning system can be used in emergency situations to save people in danger. Nodes participating in an ad-hoc network choose the best route from various nodes near them to send information through the complex system. For this, we have used trust dynamic source routing (TDSR) in our research work to determine and design the best route to transmit information, and we designed this system with the aim of being able to be used in emergencies. We have compared our proposed routing protocols with dynamic source routing (DSR) and found out that TDSR is working excellent.

Forgotten Victims: Understanding the Victimisation Vulnerability of the Homeless

Having undergone a radical political transformation from apartheid to democracy, South Africa is commonly seen as having one of the most intriguing transformation stories in the world. Furthermore, it is often suggested that the aftershock of apartheid has forced many individuals to the periphery of society. The homeless form part of those burdened by the past and as a result are often confronted by adversity. Existing literature as well as various victimological perspectives indicate that the homeless are prone to high rates of violence and victimisation. As a result of their exposure and high levels of vulnerability, the homeless often find themselves in unfavourable conditions, often typified by inherently dangerous people, places and situations. A study exploring the experiences of victimisation of the homeless - guided by a qualitative methodological approach - identified various victimogenic risk factors such as childhood adversity, a devalued social status, the use/abuse of alcohol and narcotics, and conditions associated with psychological and physical well-being, which could potentially prove useful in explaining the victimisation vulnerability of members of this vulnerable population. It is therefore important to assess these factors, to generate a better understanding of this complex phenomenon, thereby increasing the level of sensitivity around the plight of the homeless victim – which will in turn not only acknowledge their role as victims but also better inform and improve the victim assistance measures created and offered.

Software Approach to BMI and Obesity Determination using Facial Extraction Techniques

The focus on COVID-19 pandemic has led doctors to reduce consultation and restrict hospital visitations by patients, a decision that has resulted in the increased cases of obesity coupled with restrictions on movement and exercises. Obesity places the health of people in danger, since it is associated with poor mental health, reduce quality of life, increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke and introduces certain types of cancer. The aim of this study therefore is to design and develop a face-to-BMI mobile application that enable people to learn about their Body Mass Index (BMI), get their obesity status, as well as receive doctor recommendations (or counsel) from the comfort of their homes using their mobile devices. The design science research methodology was used in the design and development of the mobile application for obesity assessment. A mobile phone is required to take the face photo of the users after which the algorithm will perform face detection, looking for all possible facial features such as the width-to-upper facial height ratio (WHR), cheek-to-jaw width (WJWR), perimeter of area ratio (PAR), lower face to face height ratio (FW/FH), mean of eyebrow height (MEH) using facial measurements such as the iris, mouth corners, eyebrows, and nostril. The algorithm then performs Active Shape Model (ASM) fitting. The mobile app was tested with five (5) participants and the results have shown significant improvement in obesity detection and ease of use

Delay in Regular Visits of Chronic Disease Patients and Its Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Chronic patients need regular follow-ups. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these regular visits can be affected. The delay of chronic patients and its contributing factors in their periodic visits during the COVID-19 pandemic are examined here. This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and June 2021, in Fars, Iran. Two hundred and eighty-six households with at least one chronic patient were recruited. Then, several trained questioners called the studied households and asked about the studied variables. The dependent variable was the number of delays in regular visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results were analyzed through Poisson regression by SPSS Statistics version 22 and GraphPad Prism software version 9. A significance level of 0.05 was considered for this study. Out of 286 households 113 (73.4%) fathers, 138 (70.1%) mothers, and 17 (58.6%) children in the households reported delayed referral. In fathers, referring to the health center was significantly associated with a decrease in the number of delays (P=0.033). The higher age of the householder (P=0.005), the higher number of children (P=0.043), and having a family physician (P=0.007) in the mothers' group, also the number of children in households (P=0.001) in the children group were significantly associated with increasing the number of delays. COVID-19 pandemic not only creates direct harmful effects but also adversely affects people in danger of chronic diseases. Delays in follow-ups are taken into account as a major challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic. This issue is not limited to rural or urban residency.

A View from Northern Mexico: Abortions before Roe v. Wade.

A View from Northern Mexico: Abortions before Roe v. Wade Lina-Maria Murillo (bio) On October 31, 1968, Accion: Diaro Independiente’s front page seared with the headline “Murió una Norteamericana al provocarle un aborto,” a North American woman dies after an abortion. Alongside the headline, the newspaper published a picture of the eighteen-year-old woman, Jo Anne Homann. Lying on a steel counter at the local mortuary, Homann’s long dark hair adrift on the mortician’s table, eyes closed, pale youthful face turning, her features revealed the onset of rigor mortis, her mouth slightly agape.1 Mexican newspapers in Nogales, Sonora, offered neither Homann nor her family any privacy or decorum in its reporting. Anonymity and privacy worked along a complicated continuum in Mexico. Doctors, attorneys, and abortion referral services sought to protect the identity of people providing and seeking services. Mexican news media and law enforcement demanded the opposite. Mexican authorities and politicians pushed back against racialist images of Mexico as a sanctuary for “back alley” abortionists by exposing those who sought abortions and those who provided them. No person’s identity was above publicity. The death of Jo Anne Homann, from Hemet, California, brought this issue into stark relief.2 Early reports printed the macabre picture of Homann’s corpse lying “on a cold slab” in the Nogales funeral home, as other news media printed her full name and home address.3 Meanwhile, journalists sought to present law enforcement efforts in the best light possible, stating that Mexican officials counted on the “support [End Page 30] of the brave police offers from the United States, [and] agents from the Department of Investigations, directed by Chief Rafael Torres Montaño, [who were able] to identify the deceased.”4 Highlighting the collaboration of transborder law enforcement efforts to end the scourge of illegal abortion provision in the region, Mexican newspapers made clear the local Mexican government’s position that it was neither lenient nor negligent in its stance on abortion in the borderlands. The history of abortion before Roe has been central to the history of reproduction in the twentieth-century United States. Roe v. Wade became a watershed moment in U.S.-centered reproductive rights legislation. This U.S.-centric view, however, has for too long obscured how criminalization in the United States pushed abortion across national borders before the landmark ruling.5 In other places, I have argued that U.S.-based activists and doctors deployed the back-alley butcher myth to refer to Mexican abortion providers, racializing Mexico as an inherently dangerous place and Mexican providers as innately dangerous people. This tactic hastened U.S. courts’ liberalization of abortion laws in places like California and New Mexico, setting the foundations for Roe, in the name of protecting U.S. women from potential butchery in Mexico.6 In this essay, I examine the view from Mexico of Mexican providers and of U.S. women crossing the border for abortions. While historians have studied at length the stigma women confronted in a U.S. context before Roe, there remains a dearth of information about the ways in which Mexican and other borderland periodicals described those in search of reproductive health care in Mexico.7 Given the rhetoric of danger and filth associated with medical care in Mexico, stories like the one of Jo Anne Homann reinforced narratives of Mexico as a dangerous place to seek [End Page 31] abortion care or any kind of health care. Mexicans, however, held their own strong views about the thousands of American women seeking abortions in Mexican clinics and those who provided the procedure. Assessing Mexicans’ perspective helps us view Mexico not merely as a passive extension of the U.S. reproductive landscape but as an important and active player in reproductive health care in the borderlands. In addition, the underground abortion business changed “traditional” streams of migration as mostly American women traveled south beyond U.S. borders for access to reproductive services in the 1950s and 1960s. While scholars of abortion history have foregrounded the denial of human rights of those forced to migrate for reproductive health care, the politics of specific borders should not go unrecognized in such...

The cultural construction of the feminine through Disney�s films

The question of gender roles in Disney�s films has been one of the relevant issues in their industry. Disney has for a long time been at battle with the public for being accused of depicting their characters, specifically females, in stereotypical ways. Gender roles can affect viewers in the manner they see themselves with the others around them. The roles of men and women pictured in Disney�s films have mirrored the cultural perspective and beliefs of social norms and expectations on gender roles and identity. This study tries to figure out the roles of the princesses and the female villains in Disney's films with regard to the cultural construction of the feminine. This study applied qualitative� descriptive� method with several steps taken during the data analysis. Finally,� the� analysis� was� informally presented� through� a descriptive representation in words. The findings demonstrate that despite displaying the characteristics of strength and power, female villains are frequently portrayed as ugly, overweight, or nonsymmetrical. On the other hand, the princesses are shown to be very beautiful, which helps them succeed in life. The portrayal of the female villains also promotes the notion that powerful women are the most dangerous people in the world. In general, Disney has not yet achieved gender equation between villains and princesses. There is little room for girls to choose between being a wicked villain and a pretty princess.

The South Korea Halloween Crush in CNN News: A NetMiner Analysis

The ultimate goal of this paper is to analyze 40 pieces of CNN news broadcasted from 20th 10 2022 to 17th 12 2022 regarding the South Korea Halloween crush. It must be stressed that one word has the highest frequency (443 tokens) and the highest proportion (0.394) in 40 pieces of CNN news. When it comes to the word cloud of 40 pieces of CNN news, the word person is the biggest in size, which in turn suggests that it is the most significant one. With respect to topics occurred in the CNN news, it is noteworthy that topic 2 was the most occurred one, followed by topic 7, topic 6, and topic 1. It must be emphasized, on the other hand, that the probability for the word Seoul to be the first keyword is the highest (0.136). More importantly, it should be pointed out that the word person was the most occurred one in 40 pieces of CNN news, followed by the word crowd, the word Seoul, the word police, the word Itaewon, and the word crush, in that order. As for the links among the relevant keywords occurred in 40 pieces of CNN news, the keywords accident, call, official, response, report, and government are directly linked to the word emergency. These links seem to show that people in danger requested for rescue.

Fighting for a future free from violence: A framework for real-time detection of “Signal for Help”

In April 2020, by the start of isolation all around the world to counter the spread of COVID-19, an increase in violence against women and kids has been observed such that it has been named The Shadow Pandemic. To fight against this phenomenon, a Canadian foundation proposed the “Signal for Help” gesture to help people in danger to alert others of being in danger, discreetly. Soon, this gesture became famous among people all around the world, and even after COVID-19 isolation, it has been used in public places to alert them of being in danger and abused. However, the problem is that the signal works if people recognize it and know what it means. To address this challenge, we present a workflow for real-time detection of “Signal for Help” based on two lightweight CNN architectures, dedicated to hand palm detection and hand gesture classification, respectively. Moreover, due to the lack of a “Signal for Help” dataset, we create the first video dataset representing the “Signal for Help” hand gesture for detection and classification applications which includes 200 videos. While the hand-detection task is based on a pre-trained network, the classifying network is trained using the publicly available Jesture dataset, including 27 classes, and fine-tuned with the “Signal for Help” dataset through transfer learning. The proposed platform shows an accuracy of 91.25% with a video processing capability of 16 fps executed on a machine with an Intel i9-9900K@3.6 GHz CPU, 31.2 GB memory, and NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti GPU, while it reaches 6 fps when running on Jetson Nano NVIDIA developer kit as an embedded platform. The high performance and small model size of the proposed approach ensure great suitability for resource-limited devices and embedded applications which has been confirmed by implementing the developed framework on the Jetson Nano Developer Kit. A comparison between the developed framework and the state-of-the-art hand detection and classification models shows a negligible reduction in the validation accuracy, around 3%, while the proposed model required 4 times fewer resources for implementation, and inference has a speedup of about 50% on Jetson Nano platform, which make it highly suitable for embedded systems. The developed platform as well as the created dataset are publicly available.

Assessment of role of the trauma centers located along Pakistan national highways in manmade disasters

Due to earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, civil wars, terrorism, etc., disasters are becoming more frequent and lethal on a daily basis throughout the world. One of the manmade disasters is traffic accidents, which result in serious injuries or can be fatal for people, particularly those between the ages of 1 and 44. Road accidents regularly put the lives of 1.25 million people in danger. More than 20 to 50 million people annually experience non-fatal injuries that could result in disability. While responding to a crisis, our main aim is to preserve lives. This is done in two steps: firstly, we manage the life-threatening injuries, and secondly, we work to prevent secondary injuries by dealing with the original injuries effectively. We require trauma centers and emergency medical services that are easily accessible for the avoidance of secondary injuries and their successful recovery. To provide care for patients who have sustained severe injuries, trauma centers offer the required tools, specialized resources, and a trauma team with specialized training. A trauma center may treat all of the same illnesses and injuries that are treated in an emergency room, and it can offer patients with catastrophic injuries prompt multi-disciplinary, all-inclusive emergency medical care. The objective of this study was to assess how trauma centers, particularly those close to highways, contribute to the management of trauma. A quantitative questionnaire was created for this purpose, and the information gathered was then statistically compared, contrasted, and analyzed. The study concludes that trauma management should be provided in close proximity to the site of incidents so that morbidity and mortality can be reduced.

INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE IN PORTUGAL: A LEGAL-ANTHROPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON STATE INTERVENTION IN MINORITY ISSUES

Portugal enacted 1999 the Protection of Children and Young People in Danger Act (PCYPDA), intending to guarantee the children’s well-being and integral development in an ever-evolving plural society, for which the notion of parental care is a contentious matter. In analyzing the PCYPDA two decades later, this analysis notes the substantial case law associated with it that constitutes the so-called Portuguese multicultural jurisprudence (Foblets and Dundes Renteln 2009). Those cases concern mainly state intervention in families with ethnic backgrounds­—Roma and Afro-descendant peoples—and suggest an “intercultural dialogue.” This paper engages with the case law related to the PCYPDA through an anthropologically-informed approach to legal research (Dembour 2020). It addresses the questions of to which extent state intervention is necessary for family matters and the modalities of such intervention. Notably, the PCYPDA had impact on an international level with the case Soares de Melo v Portugal (2016), which condemned Portugal for violating the right to respect for private and family life (Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights) due to the placement of Afro-descendant children for adoption on grounds of the mother’s poverty and refusal to undergo sterilization.

The UN Humanitarian System: Crisis, Opportunities and Russia's Position

The article deals with the problems of formation and functioning of the UN humanitarian system. The author argues that the crisis is not related to the growing gap between funding needs and the amount of donor funds placed at the disposal of the UN, but to the fact that the humanitarian community, which the UN claims to be in charge of, does not represent an integral organism with a clearly defined control center. The Organization's attempts to build a system for coordinating the efforts of the world community to support the affected countries and help people in need and danger ended in failure. At present, the role of the UN is reduced to the performance of two interrelated functions: a channel for bringing donor funds to secondary recipients and a gatekeeper that determines who can be attributed to the humanitarian community, what type of activity deserves to be called humanitarian. In this regard, the author notes, the position of Russia raises questions when strategic planning documents and regulations governing the process of providing humanitarian assistance state that Russia is part of the global humanitarian system. The author suggests that efforts are needed to expose the essence of the existing humanitarian system and offer an alternative that will promote and realize Russia's national interests.

The now and future of social robots as depictions.

The authors at times propose that robots are mere depictions of social agents (a philosophical claim) and at other times that people conceive of social robots as depictions (an empirical psychological claim). We evaluate each claim's accuracy both now and in the future and, in doing so, we introduce two dangerous misperceptions people have, or will have, about social robots.

Analyzing factors contributing to COVID-19 mortality in the United States using artificial intelligence techniques.

Having started since late 2019, COVID-19 has spread through far many nations around the globe. Not being known profoundly, the novel virus of the Coronaviruses family has already caused more than half a million deaths and put the lives of many more people in danger. Policymakers have implemented preventive measures to curb the outbreak of the virus, and health practitioners along with epidemiologists have pointed out many social and hygienic factors associated with the virus incidence and mortality. However, a clearer vision of how the various factors cited hitherto can affect total death in different communities is yet to be analyzed. This study has put this issue forward. Applying artificial intelligence techniques, the relationship between COVID-19 death toll and determinants mentioned as strongly influential in earlier studies was investigated. In the first stage, employing Best-Worst Method, the weight of the primer contributing factor, effectiveness of strategies, was estimated. Then, using an integrated Best-Worst Method-local linear neuro-fuzzy-adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system approach, the relationship between COVID-19 mortality rate and all factors namely effectiveness of strategies, age pyramid, health system status, and community health status was elucidated more specifically.

A stochastic dynamic programming for maintenance planning of an emergency helicopter

Emergency/rescue helicopters are an essential part of the healthcare systems. Every helicopter should be kept in its best possible operational mode to save the life of the people in danger. For achieving this goal, using an optimal maintenance planning is crucial, which involves a periodic decision about repair or replacement of the components in the helicopter. But, in the considered case study, the spare part inventory is limited and cannot be easily replenished. Also, an observation in this case study is that a repaired component may have a shorter probabilistic lifetime (i.e. time to next failure) in contrast to a brand-new one. The best sequence of decisions can be made for each day of a given planning horizon, when different probabilistic trade-offs for every mission hour are taken into account. The problem is formulated in the framework of a stochastic dynamic program (SDP). For obtaining a fast near-optimal policy, an approximate dynamic program (ADP) is developed, which is based on the Monte-Carlo sampling of the possible paths in the corresponding transition graph of the SDP. A numerical experiment shows its gradual convergence toward an optimal policy as it spends more time in the search space of the SDP.

Digital Twin in the Provision of Power Wheelchairs Context: Support for Technical Phases and Conceptual Model

Worldwide, many wheelchair users find it difficult to use or acquire a wheelchair that is appropriate for them, either because they do not have the necessary financial support or because they do not have access to trained healthcare professionals (HCPs), but they are essential for the correct provision of assistive products and user training. Consequently, although wheelchairs are designed to promote the well-being of many users, in many cases, they end up being abandoned or do not provide any benefit, with the chance of causing harm and potentially putting people in danger. This article proposes the creation and use of a Digital Twin (DT) of a Power Wheelchair (PWC) to promote the health of wheelchair users, by facilitating and improving the delivery of remote services by HCPs, as well as to include monitoring services to support timely maintenance. Specifically, a DT is a virtual counterpart that is seamlessly linked to a physical asset, both relying on data and information exchange for mirroring each other. Currently, DT is emerging and being applied to different areas as a promising approach to gather insightful data, which are shared between the physical and virtual worlds and facilitate the means to design, monitor, analyze, optimize, predict, and control physical entities. This article gives an overview of the Digital Twin concept, namely its definition, types, and properties, and seeks to synthesize the technologies and tools frequently used to enable Digital Twins; we also explain how a DT can be used in the technical phases of the PWC provision process and propose a conceptual model highlighting the use of an MDD approach benefiting from a Petri net formalism, which is presented to systematize the development of a PWC DT.

STIGMA TERHADAP REMAJA DENGAN HIV/AIDS DI SYAIR SAHABAT FOUNDATION

This research aims to find about stigma against youth with HIV/AIDS in Syair Sahabat Foundation. The research method used is qualitative. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, documentation and literature study. The subject in this study were the head of Syair Sahabat Fondation, youth with HIV/AIDS and society near Syair Sahabat Foundation. The result in this research are: 1. Society stigma against youth with HIV/AIDS is because they scared of also being infected HIV/AIDS, lack of knowledge about HIV/AIDS, aducational background and society factor. The stigma that occurs is because society think that youth with HIV/AIDS are dangerous people an have different values than normal society and their also have vialated the norms that apply in society. 2. In facing the society stigma, young people with HIV/AIDS feel sad because of discrimination from society, however they still have fighting spirit and motivated to continue their life because they have support from their families.

The effect of neuroscientific evidence on sentencing depends on how one conceives of reasons for incarceration.

Neuroscientific evidence is increasingly utilized in criminal legal proceedings, prompting discussions about how such evidence might influence legal decisions. The effect of neuroscientific testimony on legal decisions remains uncertain, with some studies finding no effect, others reporting that neuroscience has a mitigating impact, and some indicating neuroscience evidence has an aggravating effect. The present study attempts to explain these divergent findings by showing that the effect of neuroscience evidence on sentencing interacts with beliefs about the goals of the criminal legal system. Using a between-subjects design, participants (N = 784) were asked to assume different rationales for imprisonment, before receiving neuroscientific evidence about antisocial behavior and its potential relation to the defendant. Participants recommended a sentence for the defendant prior to and after reading the neuroscientific evidence. Participants who were given the rationale of retribution as the primary goal of imprisonment significantly decreased their sentencing recommendations. When the goal of imprisonment was to protect the public from dangerous people, participants provided longer post-testimony sentences. Lastly, when the goal was to rehabilitate wrongdoers, participants also increased sentences from pre to post. Thus, the impact of neuroscientific evidence is not monolithic, but can lead to either mitigated or aggravated sentences by interacting with penal philosophy.