Forgotten Victims: Understanding the Victimisation Vulnerability of the Homeless

Abstract

Having undergone a radical political transformation from apartheid to democracy, South Africa is commonly seen as having one of the most intriguing transformation stories in the world. Furthermore, it is often suggested that the aftershock of apartheid has forced many individuals to the periphery of society. The homeless form part of those burdened by the past and as a result are often confronted by adversity. Existing literature as well as various victimological perspectives indicate that the homeless are prone to high rates of violence and victimisation. As a result of their exposure and high levels of vulnerability, the homeless often find themselves in unfavourable conditions, often typified by inherently dangerous people, places and situations. A study exploring the experiences of victimisation of the homeless - guided by a qualitative methodological approach - identified various victimogenic risk factors such as childhood adversity, a devalued social status, the use/abuse of alcohol and narcotics, and conditions associated with psychological and physical well-being, which could potentially prove useful in explaining the victimisation vulnerability of members of this vulnerable population. It is therefore important to assess these factors, to generate a better understanding of this complex phenomenon, thereby increasing the level of sensitivity around the plight of the homeless victim – which will in turn not only acknowledge their role as victims but also better inform and improve the victim assistance measures created and offered.