People Eat Research Articles

Impact of telephone support programme using telemonitoring on stage of change towards healthy eating and active exercise in people with prediabetes

Introduction This study evaluated the impact of a telephone support programme with telemonitoring on changes in healthy eating and active exercise in adults with prediabetes using the stage of change framework. Methods We performed a post hoc analysis using data from the Japan Diabetes Outcome Trial-1. A total of 2607 participants aged 20–65 years with impaired fasting glucose were recruited from the workplace/community in Japan and randomized to a one year telephone support programme intervention arm (n = 1240) or self-directed control arm (n = 1367). Participants in both arms received monthly data feedback from a weight scale and pedometer. The main outcome measure was the stages of change toward healthy eating and active exercise. The secondary outcome was fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Results After the one year intervention, the adjusted odds ratio of progressing to the action/maintenance stage in the intervention vs. control arm for healthy eating was 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.43; p < 0.001), but that for active exercise was 1.07 (95% CI 0.99–1.15; p = 0.062). The intervention decreased FPG levels in participants in the contemplation stage, but not in the precontemplation, preparation and action/maintenance stages. Discussion These findings suggest that the telephone support programme by healthcare providers advanced the stage of changes toward healthy eating in people with prediabetes. In particular, it decreased FPG levels in the contemplation stage.

A cognitive behavioural model of the bidirectional relationship between disordered eating and diabetes self care in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

This qualitative study aimed to develop the first cognitive behavioural therapy model outlining the development and maintenance of disordered eating in type 1 diabetes and report on recovery strategies and resilience factors to improve previous theoretical models of type 1 diabetes and disordered eating. Twenty-three women (n=9 with type 1 diabetes and disordered eating, n=5 with type 1 diabetes recovering from disordered eating, and n=9 with type 1 diabetes without disordered eating) participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using grounded theory and individual cognitive-behavioural formulations were developed for each participant to inform the development/maintenance and resilience models. The development/maintenance model summarises commonly experienced vicious cycles of thoughts, feelings and behaviours in type 1 diabetes and disordered eating. The resilience model summarises strategies and knowledge acquired by those with type 1 diabetes in recovery from disordered eating and individuals with type 1 diabetes who did not develop disordered eating. Early adverse life events, past psychiatric history, perfectionist personality traits, difficult experiences around type 1 diabetes diagnosis and its relentless daily management sensitise individuals to eating, weight and shape cues. Alongside physical symptoms/complications, unhelpful interpersonal reactions and inadequate healthcare, vicious cycles of thoughts, feelings and behaviours develop. 'Good enough' psychological adaptation to type 1 diabetes, integrating type 1 diabetes into one's identity, self care and compassion around eating, weight and shape were key protective/post-traumatic resilience factors. This first cognitive behavioural therapy model of type 1 diabetes and disordered eating informed by personal experience will inform an intervention for type 1 diabetes and disordered eating.

DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DEATHS DUE TO POISONING IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN MEWAT

According to World Health Organization, (WHO) poisoning occurs when people drink, eat, breathe, inject, or touch enough of a hazardous substance (poison) to cause illness or death. Deaths due to poisoning are most common and carry high rates of mortality and morbidity. The situation is the same all over the world involving individuals of all age groups, sex and all economic and ethnic groups. Poisoning deaths can be accidental or suicidal in manner. As the number of deaths by poisoning keeps on increasing day by day, this study was conducted to know the sociodemographic prole of such poisoning deaths which may help to implement strategies to reduce the burden of poisoning deaths in the society.

“I see what I have been dreading”:Witnessing Food and Violence in Waiting for the Barbarians and In the Heart of the Country

This paper explores the presence of a food and consumption related gaze in J.M. Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians (1980) and In the Heart of the Country (1977). Through the phenomenon of food witnessing, I argue that the food-related gaze is tied with the narrative frame through which torture and violence is witnessed and recorded. The act of watching people eat or other metaphors of food (largely examined throught the idea of 'food witnessing') serve as a way to identify, observe and obliterate the Other.

COVID-19 Stress and Food Intake: Protective and Risk Factors for Stress-Related Palatable Food Intake in U.S. Adults.

(1) Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused disruptions to what people eat, but the pandemic’s impact on diet varies between individuals. The goal of our study was to test whether pandemic-related stress was associated with food intake, and whether relationships between stress and intake were modified by appetitive and cognitive traits. (2) Methods: We cross-sectionally surveyed 428 adults to examine current intake frequency of various food types (sweets/desserts, savory snacks, fast food, fruits, and vegetables), changes to food intake during the pandemic, emotional overeating (EOE), cognitive flexibility (CF), and COVID-19-related stress. Models tested associations of stress, EOE, and CF with food intake frequency and changes to intake. (3) Results: Models demonstrated that the positive relationship between stress and intake of sweets/desserts was stronger with higher EOE, while the positive relationship between stress and intake of chips/savory snacks was weaker with higher CF. Higher EOE was associated with greater risk of increased intake of palatable foods. (4) Conclusions: Findings suggest that emotional overeating may escalate stress-associated intake of high-sugar foods, and cognitive flexibility may attenuate stress-associated intake of high-fat foods. Differences in appetitive and cognitive traits may explain changes to and variability in food intake during COVID-19, and efforts to decrease emotional overeating and encourage cognitive flexibility could help lessen the effect of COVID-19-related stress on energy dense food intake.

Planting seeds of change: reconceptualizing what people eat as eating practices and patterns

Language focused on individual dietary behaviors, or alternatively, lifestyle choices or decisions, suggests that what people eat and drink is primarily a choice that comes down to free will. Referring to and intervening upon food consumption as though it were a freely chosen behavior has an inherently logical appeal due to its simplicity and easily defined targets of intervention. However, despite decades of behavioral interventions, population-level patterns of food consumption remain suboptimal. This debate paper interrogates the manner in which language frames how problems related to poor diet quality are understood and addressed within society. We argue that referring to food consumption as a behavior conveys the idea that it is primarily a freely chosen act that can be ameliorated through imploring and educating individuals to make better selections. Leveraging practice theory, we subsequently propose that using the alternative language of eating practices and patterns better conveys the socially situated nature of food consumption. This language may therefore point to novel avenues for intervention beyond educating and motivating individuals to eat more healthfully, to instead focus on creating supportive contexts that enable sustained positive dietary change. Clearly, shifting discourse will not on its own transform the science and practice of nutrition. Nevertheless, the seeds of change may lie in aligning our terminology, and thus, our framing, with desired solutions.

Gustatory Dysfunction among a Sample of Depressed Egyptian Adults under Antidepressants Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

It is quite clear that the ability to perceive taste sensations significantly affects food choice, which consequently affects health status in the long term. Gustatory dysfunction is a neglected symptom among the depressed patients and those under antidepressants therapy, although these patients are suspectable to oral problems, due to general self-negligence related to mental disease, fear of dental treatment, and side effects of varied medications utilized in psychiatry. This study is aimed at assessing gustatory thresholds (detection and recognition thresholds) among a sample of 30 depressed Egyptian adults under antidepressants therapy for at least 3 months or psychotherapy with age ranging from 20 to 50 years old, seeking the Psychiatric Clinic at the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. These patients were distributed into three equal groups (tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and psychotherapy) and were assessed for gustatory detection and recognition thresholds using the filter paper disc method through a scoring system. The participants were also divided into normal taste group in which both the detection and recognition scores were 1, while the scores from 2 till 5 were considered as hypogeusia group and the score of 6 was considered as dysgeusia group. The TCA group was statistically significant from the other 2 groups in sweet detection thresholds (p = 0.043) and sweet recognition thresholds (p = 0.007). Hypogeusia for sweet was statistically significant (p = 0.041), where it was more common among TCA (70%) than both SSRIs and the psychotherapy group (20%). Gustatory dysfunction was found to be mostly associated with TCA followed by SSRIs particularly for sweet taste thresholds. More attention has to be given to taste changes among these patients as oral health affects general health by causing considerable pain and by changing what people eat, their speech, and their quality of life and wellbeing. Proper awareness and evaluation of this problem will improve the quality of life for the depressed patients and avoid unnecessary treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03599011.

Microplastics in Seafood: How Much Are People Eating?

Microplastics in Seafood: How Much Are People Eating?

Nostalgia makes people eat healthier

Nostalgia is a prominently used emotion in marketing. This work adds to the burgeoning literature on how feelings of nostalgia influence consumption behavior by investigating how nostalgia influences eating attitudes and behaviors. Two experiments showed that people consumed more and reported more favorable attitudes towards healthy food when feeling nostalgic (versus neutral). Nostalgia also diminished the consumption of unhealthy food. Process evidence revealed that nostalgia's differential influence on the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods is due to increased perceptions of social support. Since perceptions of social support increase self-control resources, individuals were better able to make healthier food choices when in a nostalgic (versus neutral) state. The findings provided behavioral evidence that nostalgia positively influences healthy eating attitudes and behavior, and established perceived social support as an important mechanism underlying these effects. This work suggests that nostalgia can be a useful tool not only in our commercial marketing efforts, but also in public policy, in that it can help promote healthy food intake and well-being.

Seafood consumption patterns and affecting factors in urban China: A field survey from six cities

Chinese seafood market has grown rapidly. China is a country covering a vast territory with diversified natural resources, the lifestyle and diet of residents in different regions are varied. This paper identifies differences in seafood consumption patterns across urban China, reasons behind consumer behaviors. Through face-to-face interviews, the authors used a multistage stratified cluster sampling procedure to survey 1201 households from six provinces or municipalities in China: Beijing, Shanghai, Xian, Nanchang, Shenyang, and Yinchuan. Ordered probit model and two-limit tobit model were estimated to investigate the determinants of household seafood consumption frequency and seafood expenditure share. The findings are that choices of seafood types are associated with regional economies. Considerable population in northeastern and western China consumes more fish than the population of the other regions. People living in economically developed regions, such as Beijing and Shanghai, consume more shrimp. Education and income also affect household seafood consumption frequency and expenditure share in total food cost. Geographic locations have strong influence on seafood consumption. Seafood is of great importance to coastal and lakeside areas, but it is less appealing to northeastern and western residents. People living in Shanghai and Nanchang eat seafood more frequently, have higher seafood expenditure share than people living in Xian; Health motive is a significant predictor of seafood consumption. Health-oriented people eat seafood more frequently than they eat terrestrial animals (such as bovine, ovine, pig, and poultry). These findings are useful for global seafood producers, marketers, and policy makers to improve their product perception, marketing strategies and promotion policies.

A Chemical Link between Meat Consumption and Colorectal Cancer Development?

O6-carboxymethylguanine (O6-CMG) is a mutagenic DNA adduct that forms at increased levels when people eat meat. It has been studied as a potential initiating event in colorectal carcinogenesis. It can arise from alkylation of guanine in DNA by electrophilic degradation products of N-nitroso compounds. There is significant data regarding biochemical and cellular process, including DNA repair and translesion DNA synthesis that control O6-CMG accumulation, persistence, and mutagenicity. Mutation spectra arising from the adduct closely resemble common mutations in colorectal cancer; however, gaps remain in understanding the biochemical processes that regulate how and where the damage persists in the genome. Addressing such questions relies on advances in chemistry such as synthesis approaches and bioanalytical methods. Results of research in this area help advance our understanding of the toxicological relevance of O6-CMG-modified DNA. Further attention should focus on understanding how a combination of genetic and environmental factors control its biological persistence and how this information can be used as a basis of biomoniotoring and prevention efforts to help mitigate colon cancer risk.

Comparison of two questionnaires for assessment of emotional eating in people undergoing treatment for obesity.

Emotional eating may contribute to weight gain and difficulty with weight loss. Questionnaires are currently the primary method used to identify this behaviour but there is no gold standard for detecting emotional eating, making it difficult to know which questionnaire to use for this purpose. This study assesses two questionnaires validated for assessment of emotional eating in patients with obesity, with the aim of investigating their interchangeability in the clinical setting. 387 adult participants were recruited from the obesity treatment service at a tertiary metropolitan hospital. Responses were obtained for the 25-item Emotional Eating Scale (EES) and the 4-item coping subscale of the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS). Agreement was analysed using quadratically weighted Cohen's κ scores. Substantial agreement was defined as κ 0.61-0.80. The median (interquartile range) body mass index and age of participants was 42.1kg/m2 (36.4-48.9kg/m2) and 51.6years (41.1-61.4years), respectively, and 70.5% of participants were female. The EES and PEMS were found to have substantial agreement (κ 0.71; 95% CI 0.65-0.76). Agreement remained substantial when analysing responses from men (0.61; 95% CI 0.47-0.73), women (0.73; 95% CI 0.67-0.79) and post-bariatric surgery patients (0.72; 95% CI 0.62-0.82) separately. Despite focusing on different elements of emotional eating behaviour, the substantial agreement between the EES and PEMS coping subscale suggests that they identify respondents' susceptibility to emotional eating with consistency, including in people who have undergone bariatric surgery. Opinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees. This observational study has not been registered as a clinical trial.

Identifying human health risks from precious metal mining in Sierra Leone

Water pollution results in more than two million human deaths every year, with a disproportionate amount of mortality occurring in developing countries. Tracing how and where water-borne pollutants enter the human body during everyday practices, and estimating the potential risks of these interactions, is critical to effective mitigation or adaptive practices to reduce health impacts. To understand these local processes, we worked with human communities along the Pampana River in Sierra Leone, Africa, from its headwaters at Lake Sonfon in the northeast—an area with both active and abandoned gold mining sites—to its confluence with the Jong River in the center of the country. We first measured the concentrations of heavy metals in fish that people eat and in riverbank soils where people congregate. We then estimated the risk people face, distinguishing carcinogenic risks from non-carcinogenic risks, as well as quantifying the risk to different age groups (i.e., adults vs children) at varying distances from the mining areas and operations, and in different seasons (wet vs dry season). We found dangerously high levels of heavy metals in fish and soil and conclude through life practice analysis that people living along the Pampana River face significantly elevated health risks in their everyday lives due to contamination from metals. The mean adult cancer risk was 1.01 × 10−3, while the mean child cancer risk was 9.42 × 10−3. Higher risks are associated with the wet season and living either downstream or closest to the mining operations and were particularly acute for children. Mining operations that directly impact riverine human settlements represent an area of concern for developing countries such as Sierra Leone.

MyPlate, Half-Plate, and No Plate: How Visual Plate-related Dietary Benchmarks Influence What People Serve

Can visual plate-related dietary guidance systems – such as the MyPlate guideline or the Half-Plate Rule – help people eat better when dining at home or in restaurants? To help explore this, 104 young adults completed a food diary study after having been randomly assigned to follow either 1) USDA MyPlate guidelines, 2) the Half-Plate Rule, or 3) no guidelines (control condition). Both of the visual dietary guidance systems were considered easy to understand, to follow, and left people with fewer questions about what to eat (all p<.01). Moreover, people who rated a system “easy to follow” indicated they had consumed less (meat (r = .268), but this was uncorrelated with fruit and vegetable intake (r =.092) and carbohydrate intake (r = .069). There are three key conclusions to these and other findings: First, the simplest guidance system may be more effective than no system. Second, even the most perfect dietary guidance system will not change behavior if the foods are not available or it is not followed. Third, guidance systems could over-increase the consumption of any food they specifically mention.

The role of food crops within the Poaceae and Fabaceae families as nutritional plants

Plants play an important role in human life because they are the only organisms that can convert light energy from the sun into food. Products produced from plants such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, essential oils and many others are rich in carbohydrate, protein, vitamins and fibre that are necessary for health maintenance. They are an integral part of our regular diet because they are all of the food that people eat. Plants are arranged in a hierarchical classification that is called Taxonomy, and any given organism can be classified throughout the hierarchy. Such an arrangement allows related organisms to be classified. There are various taxonomic levels and each level is given a name (e.g., kingdom, division (phylum), class, order, family, genus, species). For example, the taxonomic class of monocotyledonous involves different families, but in this article, only the families of Poaceae (formerly called Gramineae) and Fabaceae (also called Leguminosae) are considered. Some of the major crops of these families that yield highly nutritious edible seeds or grains are known as cereals and legumes respectively. Legumes include common beans, peas, soybean, peanut and lentils while the most important crops of cereals are wheat, rice, corn, barley and rye. Their products account for a large part of the energy, carbohydrate and protein of the daily diet of every person in the world. Consequently, they play a fundamental role in the food security in the UK, as well as food security globally.

Self-Portrait as Goblin Shark

Self-Portrait as Goblin Shark Lucas Jorgensen (bio) Keywords Lucas, Jorgensen, face, silhouette, shark, Allen Ginsberg, fish, grin I hide from people. I have a big nose & don't brushmy teeth. My silhouette is long, spatteredwith lumps, bulging. This is to say: I'm ugly,I want to be unique. Since I was little,I've loved goblin sharks, their trapdoor jaws,their shape. I'm going bald. & when I do, I'll cutmy hair like Allen Ginsberg: long in the back & sides,bare up top. When I was in high school,we weren't allowed to read Ginsberg. A teachermentioned "Please Master" in class then askedus not to search it up. He'd be fired. He wasafraid. We read Cormac McCarthy's The Roadwhere people eat people. It didn't makesense. "Please Master" is about joy, it's purein its impurities. No one gets hurt. Which is whyit's okay when I say I'm ugly. It doesn't hurt me.What does a goblin shark know or careof ugly? We only care about red snapperin our teeth, cold brine along our fins. I can gomonths without seal in my belly. I feed my joy.A stingray here, a lobster there, a few bites stolenfrom a bloated whale. I've got hooks in my mouthlike a string of lights on a Christmas tree, scarson my stomach from a fight with an eel. I don't knowhow to hate. Which can be a bad thing, but is goodin this case. Throw me back & chase tuna, squid,swordfish, muscle, striper, grouper, skate. I'mthe bycatch. I love swimming. My grimacelooks like a grin in the twilight sometimes.It's an easy mistake to make. [End Page 333] Lucas Jorgensen lucas jorgensen is a poet and educator from Cleveland. He holds a BS from Florida State University and studies in the MFA program at New York University, where he is a Goldwater Fellow and assistant poetry editor for Washington Square Review. His work has appeared in or is forthcoming from Fugue, New Limestone Review, ellipses… literature & art, and others. Copyright © 2021 The Massachusetts Review, Inc.

Design and Implementation of Waste Reduction Intelligent Cafeteria System Based on Raspberry Pi

With the development of higher education in China, the number of college students on campus is increasing, and the number of people eating in college cafeterias also increases. On the one hand, the problem of crowded lines in school cafeterias during peak dining periods is becoming more and more serious, and students have a poor dining experience. On the other hand, it is often difficult to establish an effective communication mechanism between students and cafeterias. The traditional canteen model is difficult to meet the current needs, and the upgrade of the canteen system in universities is urgent. This paper designs a set of waste reduction intelligent cafeteria system based on Raspberry Pi to reduce waste. The whole system effectively solves the problems of traditional canteens, and establishes a certain reward mechanism to encourage students to use up the purchased dishes and reduce waste. The university canteen provides a practical model for improving service quality and reform and transformation.

ORAL SNAKE SKİN RESULTİNG IN ANAPHYLAXİS: HOW AND WHY?

İntroduction: The use of snake skin, both transdermal and orally comes from ancient Chinese medicine. People eat snake skin for skin disorders, convulsions, gallbladder disorders and hypertension. People also apply snake skin by transdermal way for skin disorders such as sores,boils, itching, psoriasis, scabies, hemorrhoids, eye infections, cloudy spots in the eye..etc. There isn’t enough reliable information available about snake skin to know if it is safe or what the side effects might be.&#x0D; Case: The patient described in the case report has given his informed consent for publication. We present a case of anaphylaxis developed after 10 days of snake skin eating and dicharged after 4 days treatment with full recovery.&#x0D; Conclusion: It must be kept in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and also dosages can be important. Availability of exotic foods for different uses is steadily increasing. No matter how developed we are, those who try traditional medicine methods instead of chemical drugs will always be. So we must be careful and always be awake for different food consumptions.

Meal synchronization and commensality in Santiago and Paris

People eat on a regular schedule, at times that are shared within a society, and with others. While this phenomenon is theoretically formulated in sociological literature, few empirical studies have tested it, and the available evidence is incomplete. Against this backdrop, this article analyzes the association between meal synchronization and commensality using representative survey data in Santiago and Paris. We hypothesize that commensality influences having meals on a regular schedule because sharing a meal with others needs synchronization. Nevertheless, the strength of this association might be different across the two metropolises given the singular social value of gastronomy in French culture. Using logistic and multinomial regression models, we find that in both metropolises, sharing meals with others more frequently is positively associated with having meals in synchronized timeslots. Next, we find differences between Santiago and Paris. In Paris, commensality is associated with synchronization in all three shared timeslots, and in Santiago, in the midday and the evening slots. Besides, in Paris, sociodemographic characteristics have a stronger effect on synchronization than in Santiago. We interpret those differences as explained by variations in the social norms around food practices. Ultimately, our findings contribute to challenging the thesis of food modernity from an empirical and global perspective.

Impact of Depression on Food Consumption Frequency among Medical Students of Rawalpindi Medical University, Pakistan

Depression is very common and multi-problematic disorder, and it can affect almost all aspects of lives of people including the way people eat, sleep, behave and perform. Depression can also lead to increase in consumption of unhealthy foods. This study is set to assess impact of depression on the consumption frequency of various food groups among final-year medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University Pakistan. This may bring new way to improve physical health through application of interventions for mental health. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2019 among final year medical MBBS students of Rawalpindi Medical University Pakistan. Two questionnaires were used for data collection including, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised-10 (CESD-R-10) for depression assessment while a self-structured questionnaire which was designed to get information regarding demographic details and food consumption of various food groups (Fresh foods, Sweet foods, Ready to eat foods, Snack foods and Fast Foods). Students who had any physical and mental illness and irregular dietary habits were excluded. From the total of 307 participants of study, 269 participants gave back properly filled questionnaires, therefore, final sample size became 269. Data analysis was accomplished through SPSS v.25.0. Because of non-parametric nature of data different non-parametric statistical tests including Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman correlation were applied to evaluate the study variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Difference in depression was statistically significant, across gender (p=0.007) and boarding status (p=0.000). Significant differences of depression were also found across intake three frequency levels of sweet foods(p=0.000), fast foods(p=0.000), snack foods(p=0.000), ready to eat foods(p=0.000) and fruits and vegetables(p=0.000). Spearman correlation coefficient was positive for four foods groups including sweet foods (0.426 with p=0.000), fast foods (0.610 with p=0.000), snack foods (0.611 with p=0.000), ready to eat foods (0.649 with p=0.000), while for fruits and vegetables ( -0.640 with p=0.000) it was negative. Positive values of Spearman correlation coefficient for sweet foods, fast foods, snack foods, and ready to eat foods indicate that, increase in depression leads to increase in consumption of these food groups while, negative value for fruits and vegetables indicates that increase in depression leads to reduction in consumption of this food group. Our study results show that depression leads to change in consumption frequency of various food groups. Increase in depression leads to increase consumption frequency of unhealthy food groups including sweet foods, fast foods, snack foods, ready to eat foods while increase in depression leads to decrease consumption frequency of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, by applying suitable intervention for the alleviation of depression we can improve dietary habits and consequently physical health.