Pension Service Research Articles

Reflection on the development status and dilemma of rural elderly care services

In recent years, with the intensification of population aging, population aging has become a major obstacle to China's economic and social development, which has also caused a series of pension problems. Although in recent years China has introduced a series of positive measures to cope with the aging of the population, and has been committed to solving the problem of rural pension, the problem of pension has been alleviated to a certain extent, but compared with the town, the development of rural pension services in China is relatively late, the problem of pension is still prominent, only the establishment of an effective pension service system in rural areas can help solve this problem. In order to promote the better development of rural areas, the state proposed the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and the proposal of the 2018 rural revitalization plan pushed the new round of rural pension plan to a new stage, thus providing some strategic opportunities for the construction of rural elderly care service system. This paper will analyze the development status of rural elderly care services in China, combine the rural revitalization strategy, explain the opportunities and challenges brought by the rural revitalization strategy to China's rural elderly care services, and explore the way to further improve China's rural elderly care service system.

Conceptual Approaches To The Formation Of The Resource Potential Of The Pension System Of Russia

The article provides a brief analysis of the resource potential of the pension system. The main models of financing the system of providing citizens in the event of the occurrence of risks that threaten a person, as well as in the event of termination of employment, are considered. In the analysis of the resource potential, it is proposed to use a socio-dynamic model for the formation of potential opportunities for the financial component of the pension system. The author's definition of resource potential and classification of pension services are given. It is shown how the lack of integrity and consistency in views on the financing of the pension system and its stability causes shortcomings, contradictions and imbalances in its functioning

城乡基本养老服务均等化的实现路径

城乡基本养老服务均等化的实现路径

基于2016年~2022年我国养老服务政策的量化分析

基于2016年~2022年我国养老服务政策的量化分析

РАЗВИТИЕ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬНОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ САМОЗАНЯТЫХ ГРАЖДАН

In Russia, the legalization of the activities of the self-employed is determined by Federal Law No. 422-FZ dated 11/27/2018 "On the tax on professional Income", and this year it is possible to sum up some results of the five-year history of the development of self-employment. Statistics show that over a five-year period, the number of self-employed has been growing at a significant pace both in the types of activities established by law and throughout the country. The introduction of self-employment as a form of labor activity has allowed to a certain extent to solve a number of national tasks and realize the goals of business and the population of the country. Determining the status of the self-employed by the type of tax paid has largely solved the problem of bringing the "shadow" business to a legitimate level, increasing tax revenues to the budget, but has introduced a number of imbalances in the field of social, medical and pension services for the population and fueling conflicts of interest for the self-employed, businesses and employees. This situation is primarily due to the fact that the self-employed pay only tax on professional income and are not burdened with mandatory payment of insurance premiums. In addition, social security is one of the components of social and labor relations, where the risks for the self-employed are quite high. All this, ultimately, affects the quality of life of the population and the sustainable development of the country. Nevertheless, in recent years, it has been possible to see a number of measures aimed at involving the self-employed in the sphere of providing social guarantees for themselves, including legal ones. In this study, based on the analysis of legislation in the field of social security for the self-employed, critical aspects are identified and directions for its further development are proposed.

국민연금 재정계산 시기별 언론보도 분석 — 경제뉴스의 보도 특징을 중심으로 —

이 연구는 국민연금제도의 지속가능성을 위해 사회경제적 상황을 반영해 5년마다 진행되는 국민연금 재정계산 시기별 언론보도를 분석했다. 국민연금은 재정계산 결과를 바탕으로 보험료 인상 등의 제도개선에 대한 논의를 진행하는 사회보험제도로 가입자가 600만 명, 기금이 900조가 넘는 국민 개인이나 국가적으로도 중요한 이슈다. 재정계산은 2003년 노무현 정부를 시작으로 5년마다 진행되어 이후 정권별 시기와도 일치하고 있어, 해당 시기별 언론보도 제목의 토픽분석을 통해 정권별 특징적 토픽과 전체 시기의 공통적 토픽을 도출하고, 당시 정부의 제도개선 방향과 언론보도가 이를 반영하고 있는지 확인했다. 또한 경제 저널리즘과 관련한 기존 연구를 검토하여 경제뉴스의 특징을 부정적 편향, 의제추종보도, 심층성 부족으로 구분하고 이를 기준으로 국민연금 언론보도에서 나타난 주요 특징이 무엇인지 확인해보았다. 연구 결과, 정권별로 특징적 부정토픽이 나타났다. 노무현 정부의 경우 ‘국민연금 8대 비밀 등의 제도 불신 사건(42.4%)’, 박근혜 정부는 ‘국민연금 수령액 연계 기초연금 도입(61.1%)’, 문재인 정부는 ‘의무가입 기간 상향 및 기금 손실(48%)’ 이 시기별 부정토픽으로 분석되었다. 공통적 토픽은 ‘보험료 및 수령액 조정’, ‘지급보장 등 제도개선 논의’, ‘국민연금 개정안(종합운영계획안) 제출’ 세 가지로 나타났다. 전체 토픽을 경제뉴스의 특징을 기준으로 분류한 결과, 의제추종보도(50.9%)가 가장 높은 비율을 차지했으며 부정적 편향(25.9%), 심층성 부족(23.1%)순으로 나났다. 이를 통해 언론이 먼저 제도개선과 관련된 이슈를 주도하고 의제를 설정하기보다는 정부나 국회의 발표를 사후적으로 보도하는 행태와 더불어 ‘불신, 고갈, 탈퇴, 반발, 손실’ 등의 부정적인 키워드를 제목을 통해 강조하는 부정적 편향 특징을 확인할 수 있었다. 노인 빈곤을 해결하고 미래세대의 보험료 부담을 낮추기 위해서 국민연금제도를 개혁해야 한다는 합의가 지난 대선 토론회에서 공론화될 만큼 국민연금 제도개혁은 중요한 이슈다. 이에, 2023년 5차 재정계산을 앞둔 시점에서 지난 20년간의 재정계산 시기별 언론보도를 분석해 주요 토픽과 언론보도 특징을 확인했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Manifesting the embedded developmental state: the role of South Korea’s National Pension Service in managing financial crisis

Financial liberalization has noticeably reduced the role of the state in effectively influencing the economy in post-developmental states. Yet many studies have found that the legacies of the developmental model continue to influence the policies, institutions, and socioeconomic challenges that are faced by the states that previously adopted the model. These studies, however, do not clearly identify when and how such legacies may be manifested in state behavior. This paper contributes to filling this gap in the literature by arguing that financial crises can serve as a trigger to more clearly reveal the structural evidence of the legacy in institutions that were previously established and utilized for developmental objectives. By conducting a rigorous case analysis using historical and market data on the crisis responses of South Korea’s public pension fund, this paper finds that South Korea’s developmental legacy remains passively embedded in the governance structure of the pension fund in non-crisis times but manifests during financial crises.

Application of “TCM + Smart Elderly Care” in the Medical-Nursing Care Integration Service System

As a country with the fastest population aging rate in the world, China’s existing elderly care and medical resources are not enough to meet the growing and complex needs of elderly care and health services. The Chinese government is actively promoting the integrated development of medical and elderly care institutions, but it has yet to give full play to the inexpensive and existing advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diseases and rehabilitation of the elderly, by sorting out the advantages of “TCM + intelligent pension” in medical expenses, pension costs, disease prevention, intelligent pension services, and so on. In view of the current problems existing in China’s pension, this paper mainly proposes to solve the pension dilemma in China from several aspects: improving the supervision and evaluation system, increasing capital investment, building a unified digital medical and pension service platform, and strengthening the talent training in the field of traditional Chinese medicine integration. The application of the “TCM + smart elderly care” system into the medical and elderly care service system is promoted to effectively improve the operation efficiency of the whole medical and elderly care service system and the satisfaction of elderly families.

Design and Implementation of Community Pension Service Quality Evaluation System Based on Clustering Algorithm

The healthy development of community elderly care service is very important. Studying the quality evaluation of community elderly care services and establishing a complete, scientific, and objective community elderly care service method can establish the online reputation of enterprises and help elderly users obtain cost-effective elderly care services. This is very important for healthy development. This paper puts forward a new evaluation model for the quality of community elderly care service. The evaluation method based on the model is designed, the quality evaluation model is constructed, and the community evaluation system is developed. From the aspects of requirement analysis, design, implementation, and testing, the specific implementation process of the system is described. This paper puts forward a community evaluation model which accords with the clustering model: community elderly care service quality evaluation method. AIS-OR mathematical modeling is carried out. Under the guidance of the model, the secondary indicators are analyzed and determined, and the mathematical model of indicator evaluation is constructed. We use text mining technology and emotion analysis to determine the relationship between comment emotion and community elderly care service quality online and build a quality emotion feature library. The naive Bayesian algorithm is used to classify the online evaluation of the service quality of community elderly care services, which verified by experiments and completed the design and development of the community elderly care service quality evaluation system based on the project needs.

How to Make Primary Healthcare More Popular: Evidence from the Middle-Aged and Elderly in China.

Since 2001, China has been an aging society; it is expected to become superaged by 2033. This rapid aging trend poses a challenge to the elderly regarding their pension services and healthcare. Primary healthcare has great potential for serving older adults in the community, yet it is not popular. This study used 1977 samples from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study database to explore the use of outpatient services in primary care institutions among the middle-aged and elderly. Using a structural equations model, we constructed a framework to explore pathways leading to primary outpatient use. We discovered that the supply of primary health services had a significant direct and mediating effect on the utilization of primary outpatient services, and that community pension services may indirectly discourage it. In addition, the supply of primary health services has a suppressor effect between medical insurance and primary outpatient utilization. Health insurance directly promotes primary outpatient utilization, while the supply of primary care institutions suppresses the positive influence of medical insurance on the utilization of primary outpatient services. Therefore, community pension services should pay attention to differentiated services. Moreover, adjusting the coordinated development of medical insurance and the supply of primary healthcare could enhance the positive effects of medical insurance for outpatients.

Assessing the financial inclusion of non-State pension services for Russian citizens

Subject. This article discusses the issues of assessing the availability of pension insurance services. Objectives. The article aims to assess the availability of voluntary pension insurance and non-State pension services for Russian citizens, as well as the potential for public participation in the formation of people's own pension capital. Methods. For the study, we used analytical and statistical methods, and the methods of comparison, and logical and semantic analysis and synthesis. Statistical data of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, Bank of Russia, Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), as well as the results of sociological research form the information basis of the study. Results. The article defines the concept of financial inclusion, assesses the current state of the infrastructure to provide financial services for voluntary pension insurance and non-State pension support, and analyzes the impact of socio-economic factors on the availability of pension services for the general public. Relevance. The results of the study can be useful to government agencies when developing policies in the field of pension provision and insurance, as well as insurance organizations, non-State pension funds in order to develop and promote elective forms of pensioning.

Finans ve Sigortacılık & Emeklilik Hizmetleri İhracatının Belirleyicileri

International trade in services, defined as the backbone of the global economy, is expected to take approximately 50% by 2040 globally. Among services, two service categories are financial and insurance & pension services. Considering the contribution of the exports of these services to the local and global economy and the increasing trend of their export values, this study aims to examine the main determinants of the export of financial and, insurance & pension services. Therefore, it analyses the impacts of changes in Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Outflows, Financial Institutions Depth, Corruption Perception Index, Gross Domestic Product, and Federal Funds Rate on the export of financial and insurance & pension services. The Panel Fixed Effect Model is applied using annual panel data from 2005 through 2018 for 82 high and middle-income countries. Empirical findings show that Financial Institutions Depth and Gross Domestic Product have positive effects on the export of financial and insurance & pension services in high-income countries, while for middle-income countries, Financial Institutions Depth, Gross Domestic Product, and Foreign Direct Investment Outflow variables promote the export of financial and insurance & pension services.

External Support for Elderly Care Social Enterprises in China: A Government-Society-Family Framework of Analysis.

As Chinese population ageing becomes increasingly severe, the disjunct between supply and demand for pension services is becoming increasingly serious. The development of elderly care social enterprises plays an important role in solving this disjunction. Such development comes from both the enterprise’s own capacity building and from external support. There are abundant studies on the capacity-building of pension social enterprises in the existing literature, but there are relatively few studies on their external support. In order to better study the external support of elderly care social enterprises in China, we adopted the case study method; we selected GY (a typical elderly care social enterprise in China) as a case study according to certain criteria, and we conducted a series of discussions. Firstly, an analytical ‘government-society-family’ framework was constructed. Second, it was argued that there is insufficient external support for elderly care social enterprises. At the government level, there is a lack of policies, difficulties in implementation and significant geographical differences; at the social level, there are weak support platforms and lack of community supports; and at the family level, there are constraints in regard to traditional concepts and the ability to pay. Finally, an external support system of Chinese elderly care social enterprises was constructed to help more elderly care social enterprises overcome the lack of external support in the development process.

Integrated care for older people based on information and communication technology: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionIntegrated care is an effective means of coping with the increasingly complex healthcare needs of elderly and alleviating pressure on national pension services. WHO regards integrated care as a method...

An Investigation on the Integration of Healthy Rule of Law and Elderly Care Services

In the context of the implementation of the “Healthy China” initiative, using the rule of law to promote the healthy and sustainable development of elderly care services is an important measure in solving the population aging issue [1]. There are many types of pension services in China, but based on relevant studies, there are several legal contents on pension, which are not conducive to the development of pension services in China. In the face of lifestyle and living demand changes among China’s residents, it is particularly important to conduct research on the integration of healthy rule of law and elderly care services.

Research on Adoption Behavior and Influencing Factors of Intelligent Pension Services for Elderly in Shanghai.

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and Internet-of-Things technology, the traditional pension service mode has changed, and intelligent pension services have become a new direction of development. Descriptive statistical analysis is conducted on the supply status and demand of intelligent pension services. It is believed that the current intelligent pension services are still in the initial stage of development, and the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent. The demand for intelligent pension of the elderly is high, but the user acceptance and satisfaction are not high. On this basis, variables were selected from individual characteristics, family situation, economic status, education level, living conditions, and other indicators for multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis. It was found that the adoption behavior of intelligent pension service users was most significantly affected by age, number of children, living conditions, service cost, service docking channel, and equipment operation difficulty. Based on the conclusion, this article puts forward some suggestions such as taking the government as the center to realize the multi-governance of intelligent pension services, improving the supply of intelligent pension service-related facilities guided by demand, optimizing the service mode based on the platform to realize dynamic combination, and taking talents as the core to promote the high-quality development of intelligent pension services.

Research on Construction Suggestions of China’s Endowment Service Supply Model from the Perspective of Welfare Pluralism

Under the background of an accelerating population aging process, China is facing the issues of a weakening household pension function and an insufficient social pension service supply. It is urgent to establish a perfect diversified pension service supply model. The theory of welfare pluralism advocates the participation of multiple subjects in social old-age services and emphasizes that social organizations play an important role in the provision of old-age services. This paper, under the perspective of welfare pluralism, discusses the problems and reasons existing in the endowment service supply in our country, and on the basis of the advanced international experience, it puts forward a new mode for resolving the problems in the endowment service supply, namely the “116 endowment service supply model”. This mode advocates that a top-level design at the national level is necessary, together with cooperation among the community, family, workplace, folk society, market and school in the national endowment service information platform, aiming at building a unified, coordinated and complementary model of diversified elderly care service supply.

펜션 서비스품질이 재방문의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

This study aims to provide a systematic and comprehensive explanation of the effect of pension service quality on revisit intention for customers who have experienced pension facilities. Interaction quality, physical environment and accessibility had been set as influential variables that might affect customer satisfaction, customer trust, and revisit intention. In order to empirically verify the established hypothesis, data were collected through a questionnaire survey, and structural equation analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS programs. As a result, it was confirmed that the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction had been supported, while the relationship between service quality and customer trust had been partially supported. Moreover, the relationship among the satisfaction, trust and revisit intention had been all accepted. Through the study, we expect this study will help with expanding the scope of future studies on pension management.

The internal market for supplementary pensions: A long and winding road

Since the beginning of the 1990s, EU initiatives have sought to gradually harmonize the activities of institutions for retirement provisions (‘IORPs’). However, thirty years later, multiple barriers to entry remain. This article will identify the current state of play, by adopting a twofold approach towards supplementary pensions in a context of EU internal market law. First, we will assess the process of negative integration of several pension policy tools in light of the free movement case law (in particular, the free provision of services). During this study, the focus will be on mechanisms of compulsory membership and collective bargaining in the field of occupational pensions. Second, we will analyse the most important legislative constraints of supplementary pension services at EU level, with an emphasis on secondary internal market law. We argue that, despite the effort of respecting national autonomy in social policy, positive integration has led to several spillovers. Finally, the article will highlight the most significant obstacles, and conclude by discussing the general attitude of EU internal market law towards supplementary pensions and social policy in general.

Market impact cost asymmetry of the National Pension Service and its determinant analysis

As of March 2021, the National Pension Service (NPS) is the world’s 3rd largest pension fund with 872.5tn won (KRW) in management. Recently, the NPS proposed a policy to gradually reduce the proportion of domestic stocks in the portfolio in the future. This change in the asset allocation strategy is related to the NPS’s exit strategy for domestic stocks. This study aims to examine the market impact cost asymmetry between buys and sells of the NPS and suggest a trading strategy for mitigating the market impact cost. The results are as follows. First, there is an asymmetry between buys and sells in the market impact cost of the NPS. The market impact cost of the NPS is gradually increasing over time. In particular, the market impact cost from selling has increased significantly in recent years. Second, past returns, volatility, liquidity and trading intensity can be found as external factors affecting the asymmetric market impact cost of the NPS. Although there is no difference between the buying and selling ratios of the NPS, the market impact cost from sells is relatively higher than that from buys. Third, after controlling for the order execution size of the NPS, the longer the trade execution period, the lower the market impact cost. This result implies that the strategy of splitting orders as a way to reduce the market impact cost is effective. The trading behavior of the NPS directly or indirectly affects other investors. If the sell of the NPS incurs excessive market impact cost, the negative impact on the stock price will be further exacerbated. Therefore, it is necessary for the NPS to reduce the market impact cost through split trading in executing orders in the domestic stock market. Findings of this study provide implications for countermeasures and long-term management strategies that can minimize the market impact cost of the NPS in the process of reducing the proportion of domestic stocks in the future.