Penis Lobes Research Articles

New Stage and Species Description on Brazilian Thraulodes Ulmer, 1920 (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae).

We examined material from two poorly documented areas in Brazil concerning the mayfly genus Thraulodes: Minas Gerais, the largest state in Southeastern Brazil, but also the least studied regarding mayflies; and Tocantins, located in the North-Central area of the country. As a consequence of these efforts, we describe a new species from Minas Gerais based on imagos and nymphs, as well as the nymphs of Thraulodes solstitium Orlando, Salles, Boldrini & Krolow, 2021. Thraulodes viola sp. nov. is characterized by the femora translucid with brown maculae and blackish stripe in distal half, and a light brown maculae in proximal half; abdominal terga II-VI translucent white with transversal reddish mark on posterior margins, one antero-lateral reddish dot, one antero-sublateral blackish spot, and one postero-submedian brown spot; penis lobes sinuous sideways, with lateral pouch present and very developed, and apico-lateral area with an ear-like projection; nymph with galea-lacinia dark brown, 14-16 medium-sized pectinate setae in subapical-ventral row. The nymph of T. solstitium nymph is characterized by the galea-lacinia dark brown, 11 medium-sized pectinate setae in a subapical-ventral row.

A new species of Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 (Ephemeroptera, Siphlonuridae) from Yunnan, China.

Siphlonurusdongxi Li & Tong, sp. nov. from Shangri-La City, Yunnan Province, China, is described based on egg, nymph, and winged stages. The new species is closely related to S.davidi (Navás, 1932), and can be distinguished by the colour of the imago, the forking point of MP, the penis, posterolateral spines of tergum IX of imagoes, and first abdominal terga nymph, as well as the structure of the egg. The new species and S.davidi have the same morphological and structural characteristics, such as the long cubital area with many intercalaries, cross veins between C, Sc, RA, and RSa1 surrounded with distinct pigments, the strong curvature of vein CuP in the forewing, the broad expansion of the hindwing, the membranous penis lobes fused without teeth, supporting the proposition of a new species complex, the Siphlonurusdavidi group. The structures of the penis and the egg of the new species could help understand the origin and evolution of the genus Siphlonurus.

Identification and reproductive isolation of Euborellia species (Insecta, Dermaptera, Anisolabididae) from East and Southeast Asia.

Euborellia (Anisolabididae: Anisolabidinae) is one of the most speciose genera of earwigs (Dermaptera), and its species-level classification is difficult. To settle the classification of brachypterous species with abbreviated tegmina recorded from East and Southeast Asia, we examined the morphology and reproductive isolation of three tentative Euborellia species, and analyzed the DNA barcoding region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The observed complete reproductive isolation among the three Euborellia taxa and considerable differentiation in the COI sequences clearly show that each should be treated as a separate species. Based on morphology, distribution and the DNA sequence, we identify Euborellia sp. 1 of Malaysia as E.annulata (Fabricius), a circumtropical cosmopolitan with no records of a fully winged form. Samples from Ioto Island (= Iwo-jima Island: Ogasawara Islands, southern Japan) were also identified as this species. Euborellia sp. 3, from the main islands of Japan, was generally larger and lacked a Y-shaped pigmented area on the penis lobe, which is characteristic of Euborellia sp. 1. We propose reinstating E.pallipes (Shiraki) as the oldest name for this taxon. Euborellia sp. 2, even the brachypterous form, can be distinguished from these two species by its paler coloration (particularly the femora), ecarinate post-abdomen, and the shape of the male genitalia (parameres). We tentatively identify this species as E.philippinensis Srivastava based on the morphology of the brachypterous form, although the macropterous form cannot be distinguished from E.femoralis (Dohrn).

Two new species of Simothraulopsis Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Roraima State, northern Brazil

Two new species of Simothraulopsis (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) are described and illustrated, based on recent collections and specimens deposited in the Zoological Collection of Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), northern Brazil. Simothraulopsis pacaraima sp. nov. differs from others species by the telopenis being spine-like, short (less than the half of total length of penis lobes) and slightly directed laterally, and the penis lobes with a medial knob between them. Simothraulopsis rainori sp. nov. differs from others species by the telopenis being spine-like, mid-sized (less than the half of total length of penis lobes) and ventrally directed with the apex bent outward, and the penis lobes fused in their basal 1/3, with a well-marked sclerotized region; each lobe is laterally swollen and protruding.

A new species of Campsurus Eaton, 1868 (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae) from Brazil

Campsurus is the most species-rich genus in Polymitarcyidae, and it is divided into four groups. A new species is described and illustrated here based on male imagos. Campsurus molinerii sp. nov. seems to be similar to C. nessimiani, C. dasilvai, and C. cuyuniensis because of the shape of penes and pedestal. The new species differs from them by the main penis lobe being expanded laterally and slightly curved ventrally, with the apex acute and curved ventrally outwards, the apical portion almost cylindrical with apex in ventral view pointed, secondary membranous lobe cylindrical and relatively long, and the outer projection of pedestal with apical condyle process-like projection.

Two additional new species of Clypeocaenis Soldán, 1978 (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India.

Two new mayfly species of Clypeocaenis (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) are described based on nymphal and adult characters from Kaveri River, Kodagu, Karnataka, Southern India. The main characteristics that distinguish Clypeocaenis kaveri sp. nov. from other Oriental species are: (i) fore femur with 4 long spines at middle of inner margin, a row of bifid spines at outer margin and row of bifid spines at subapical surface; (ii) dorsal surface of femora with complete transverse row of bifid setae located 3/4 distance from the base; (iii) forceps smaller than penis lobe. The main characteristics that distinguish Clypeocaenis napoklu sp. nov. from other Oriental species are: (i) fore femur with 2 long spines at middle of inner margin and row of thin setae on outer margin; segment 2 with bifid spine at apex.(ii) dorsal surface of femora with incomplete transverse row of bifid setae located 2/3 distance from the base; (iii) forceps little longer than penis lobe. A key for the nymphs of described species has been provided.

A new species of Notacanthurus Tshernova, 1974 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) from India.

A new species of Notacanthurus Tshernova, 1974 is described based on larvae from India. Notacanthurus pange Vasanth, Selvakumar Subramanian sp. nov. can be distinguished from all known species of Notacanthurus by the following combination of characters: (i) gill lamellae 5-6 with accessory lobe; (ii) dorsal surface of femora with scattered spatulate setae (iii) male genitalia having penis lobes fused, 'V' shaped apically blunt with me-dian pair of spine-like titillators subapically and mesally; (iv) labrum with anterior portion straight and laterally curved; and (v) lingua of hypopharynx apically broad and convex. The distribution map of the new species is also provided.

Two new species of the genus Notacanthurus from China (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae, Ecdyonurinae).

Previously, only three of seven species in the Asian genus Notacanthurus were reported both nymphs and imagoes, and no Chinese species was found. Here two new species collected from China, which are named as Notacanthurus maculatus sp. n. and N. lamellosus sp. n. respectively, are described and pictured in detail. The nymph of N. maculatus sp. n. has following combined characters: posterior margin of sternum IX straight, claws with two subapical denticles, and gills V-VI with arrow-like accessory lobes. The male imago has unspecialized anterior margin of head and Electrogena-like penis lobes. The second species N. lamellosus sp. n. is more distinguishable. Its nymph has pale dots on head, median dorsal ridges on abdominal terga I-IX, claws with five subapical denticles, and dorsal lamellae of gills II-IV divided into two portions. Anterior margin of male imago is not protruding either, forewings have less pigmented crossveins between Sc and R1, and penis lobes have apical and ventral sclerites. A key to all known nymphs of the genus is provided.

Revision of fossil Metretopodidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) in Baltic amber - Part 4: Description of two new species of Siphloplecton Clemens, 1915, with notes on the new S. jaegeri species group and with key to fossil male adults of Siphloplecton.

The Siphloplecton jaegeri species group is established here for three extinct species, namely for the earlier described Siphloplecton jaegeri Demoulin, 1968, and for two new species from Eocene Baltic amber, Siphloplecton landoltisp. nov. and Siphloplecton studemannaesp. nov. Based on the well-preserved specimens of these species, a diagnosis is provided for the newly established species group. Representatives of the S. jaegeri species group are characterized by the presence of large, medially contiguous eyes, stout pointed setae along the outer margin of the foretibia, three intercalaries in the cubital field of the forewing, and elongated penis lobes, which are apically triangular or rounded, medially contiguous, and with a V-shaped cleft apically. Further new specimens of the S. jaegeri species group are documented that cannot be attributed to species level due to their poor preservation. Finally, a key to male adults of fossil species of Siphloplecton is given.

Diamantina: An endemic new genus of Neotropical Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) evidenced by morphological and molecular data

A new genus and species is described based on nymphs and adults collected exclusively at the Chapada Diamantina National Park, in Brazil. The generic category of this new taxon was tested by reanalyzing a morphological dataset used to access the phylogenetic relationships of species of Ulmeritus and Ulmeritoides and by the use of molecular analysis, using two different genes. Both analysis corroborated the new taxon belongs to a new genus and species, sister group of Ulmeritus-Ulmeritoides, herein described as Diamantina ulmeri gen et sp. nov. Among members of this complex, Diamantina gen nov. presents a unique apomorphy: absence of setae on lateral margins of abdominal segments. Diagnostic features include the anterior position of the proximal row of setae on dorsal surface of labrum, the U shaped emargination of labrum, eyes of male imago widely separated and shape of penis lobes.

A new species of Simothraulopsis Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)from Tocantins state, Brazil.

There are seven genera and eight species of mayflies recorded for Tocantins state, Brazil, but only three belonging to the family Leptophlebiidae. Based on male imagoes, Simothraulopsis primus sp. nov. is described from Tocantins state, Northern Brazil. The species is characterized by the male genitalia being short, lanceolate, with a straight spine and by the "U" shape between the penis lobes. Other distinguishing features are the brown thorax and yellowish brown abdomen.

A new species of Traverella Edmunds, 1948 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)from Brazil.

A new species of Traverella Edmunds (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) is described based on male imagoes from the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. The main characteristics that distinguish the new species from the other species are: 1) subgenital plate forming two lateral, broad projections with two fine, long spines dorsally recurved; 2) penis lobe triangular and apically rounded, with a small ventral projection at apex and a ventral longspine slightly curved and directed to midline.

A new mayfly species of Choroterpes (Euthraulus) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from South India.

A new mayfly species, Choroterpes (Euthraulus) kalladaensis sp. n. is described based on nymphs and subimagoes from South India. The nymph of Choroterpes (Euthraulus) kalladaensis sp. n. is characterized by a labrum with antero-median emargination well broad and 'V' shaped, femora with two black spots on median and basal region, claw with 2 sections of 13 denticles with 3 smaller serrations, posteriolateral spines present on segment 2-9, paraprocts smooth with pores and their inner margin with small triangular spines and outer margin with long setae and in the subimago the fore wing has four intercalary veins between costa and subcosta, penis lobes are short, membranous, separated apically and covered with minute setae. Taxonomic notes are given to distinguish this new species from closely related species.

Two new species of Atopophlebia Flowers, 1980 (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from Colombia.

Atopophlebia pacis sp. nov. and Atopophlebia caldasi sp. nov. are newly described based on material from Colombia, Putumayo and Caldas, respectively. Both species are known from nymphs and alate stages, male imago for A. pacis, male subimago, female imago and eggs for A. caldasi. This is the first description of eggs of the genus. The following characteristics are useful for distinguishing the males of the new species: A. pacis sp. nov., 1) eyes meeting on meson of head; 2) fore wings hyaline, veins yellow (Fig. 2); 3) fore tibia completely tinged with black; 4) abdominal segments yellowish, terga VIII with conspicuous triangular anterolateral black mark (Fig. 1); 5) apical projection of penis lobe short; A. caldasi sp. nov., 1) eyes meeting on meson of head; 2) fore tibia completely tinged with black; 3) abdominal segments orange, posterior margin of all terga tinged with black, black bands broader on terga V to VIII. Egg of A. caldasi is characterized by presenting a prismatic shape with longitudinal chorionic depressions at the sides and concave polar regions. An updated key for male adults of Atopophlebia is presented.

A new species of the genus Teloganopsis with setaceous mouthparts and forelegs from southern China (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae).

The nymph and reared male and female of a new ephemerellid species, which was collected from southern China and named Teloganopsis setosa Zhou, sp. n., are described. The nymph is unique because of its long and dense setae on labrum, mandibles, maxillae, labium, and forelegs as well as the elongated segments II of labial palpi and expanded paraglossae. The male can be differentiated from close relatives by its larger penis lobes with dorsolateral projections, and the more pigmented tergum IV and caudal filaments. The nymph described in this paper represents a new adaptive and ecological type in the family Ephemerellidae.

A new species of Paraleptophlebia Lestage, 1917 (Ephemeroptera:Leptophlebiidae) and a re-description of adults for Paraleptophlebia westoni Imanishi, 1937 with the first description of the larva, from the Russian Far East.

Male, female imagoes and eggs of Paraleptophlebia kunashirica sp. nov. and the larva, male and female imagoes of Paraleptophlebia westoni are described based on material from the Russian Far East. Comparison of the male imago of Paraleptophlebia kunashirica sp. nov. and the larva and male imago of Paraleptophlebia westoni with other known larvae and imagoes of Paraleptophlebia are given. Paraleptophlebia westoni larvae may be distinguished from congeners by characters associated with the mouthparts, such as the ratio of the length of the maxillary and labial palp segments, shape of hypopharynx, and structure of the claw. Male imagoes of Paraleptophlebia kunashirica sp. nov. and Paraleptophlebia westoni сan be distinguished between themselves and other representatives close to them in the form of the ventral appendages and the apex of the penis lobes.

New species and stages description of Ulmeritoides Traver, 1959 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Roraima State, Northern Brazil

A new species of Ulmeritoides Traver, 1959 is described based on all life stages from Roraima State, Northern Brazil. U. amajari sp. nov. has a forewing coloration and penis shape similar to that of the widespread species U. uruguayensis (Traver) but it differs from the latter by the shape of the penis lobe apex in the male imago and by the lines of pectinate setae on the ventral surface of tibia III, in the nymph. The descriptions of nymph and female imago of U. passorum Gama-Neto & Hamada, 2014 are also presented.

A New Fossil Mayfly Species of the GenusBorinquenaTraver, 1938 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Miocene Dominican Amber

Abstract. The Neotropical mayfly genus Borinquena Traver, 1938 so far comprises three described extant species from the Caribbean basin. Furthermore, three fossil species from Dominican amber have been described in this genus. Based on a single male imago, Borinquena schawallfussi sp. nov. is described in this contribution as the fourth fossil species of Borinquena from Miocene Dominican amber. The new species clearly differs from all other fossil and recent representatives of the genus Borinquena in forewing colouration and venation, hind wing shape and venation, and in the shape of penis lobes and their ventral spines.

<strong>Deciphering genital anatomy of rare, delicate and precious specimens: first study of two type specimens of mayflies using micro-computed X-ray tomography (Ephemeroptera; Heptageniidae)</strong>

The use of non-invasive techniques to study a wide array of zoological specimens has been increasing considerably during the 21st century. Among these techniques, micro-computed X-ray tomography (μ-CT) is gaining much attention. This method may allow access to hardly visible and internal structures of valuable specimens (e.g. type specimens) through virtual dissections. We studied two type specimens of Ephemeroptera belonging to the family Heptageniidae using μ-CT; the male lectotype of Epeorella borneonia Ulmer, 1939 (pinned specimen) and the male holotype of Rhithrogeniella ornata Ulmer, 1939 (specimen in ethanol). These specimens are the only male adults known in their respective genera; hence a detailed description of their genitalia could reveal important taxonomic and phylogenetic information. We present here the first-ever μ-CT study of mayfly type specimens, and confirm that male genitalia of R. ornata lack titillators, whereas those of E. borneonia possess a pair of titillators which were concealed within the penis lobes.

Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) from Roraima State, Brazil: description of two new species of Ulmeritoides Domínguez, 1991.

Two new species of Ulmeritoides Traver, 1959 from Northern Brazil are described based on male imagos. Ulmeritoides aurantifrons sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: mesonotum with a yellow spot in the apical and medial portions of the mesoscutal suture and a yellowish spot between the apex of the medioscutum and the posterior scutal protuberances, scutellum dark brown with base and apex yellow; forewing hyaline with two cross veins basal to bulla; penis lobes with a ventral groove, apically rounded. Ulmeritoides mirr sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: mesonotum with mesoscutal suture yellow; apex of the posterior scutal protuberance with a yellow transversal line; forewing hyaline, costal and subcostal areas tinged with light brown; penis lobes with a ventral groove, apically rounded.