Penetration Strategy Research Articles

An Automated Penetration Testing Framework Based on Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning

Given the large action space and state space involved in penetration testing, reinforcement learning is widely applied to enhance testing efficiency. This paper proposes an automatic penetration testing scheme based on hierarchical reinforcement learning to reduce both action space and state space. The scheme includes a network intelligence responsible for specifying the penetration host and a host intelligence designated to perform penetration testing on the selected host. Specifically, within the network intelligence, an action-masking mechanism is adopted to shield unenabled actions, thereby reducing the explorable action space and improving the penetration testing efficiency. Additionally, the host intelligence employs an invalid discrimination mechanism, terminating testing after actions that do not alter system states, thereby preventing sudden increases in the number of neural network training steps for an action. An optimistic estimation mechanism is also introduced to select penetration strategies suited to various hosts, preventing training crashes due to value confusion between different hosts. Ablation experiments demonstrate that the host intelligence can learn different penetration strategies for varying penetration depths without significant fluctuations in training steps, and the network intelligence can coordinate with the host intelligence to perform network penetration steadily. This hierarchical reinforcement learning framework can detect network vulnerabilities more quickly and accurately, significantly reducing the cost of security policy updates.

Local Coffee Product Development Strategy

Kopi Kali Place is one of the popular coffee shops in the North Jakarta area that has been established since 2019. The purpose of this study is to determine the market penetration and development of local coffee products of Coffe shop Kopi Kali. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to understand the development of local coffee products in Kopi Kali Coffee shop. The research methods used include in-depth interviews, participatory observation, documentation, and data triangulation. The results of the research show that Kopi Kali Coffee shop, since its establishment in 2019 until 2024, has undergone an impressive evolution in facing challenges and changes in the coffee industry. With strong adaptability and a high commitment to innovation, Kopi Kali has successfully developed an effective market penetration strategy. The main focus on innovative product development such as the transformation of "Kopi Belies" into a non-alcoholic version and the introduction of a variety of excellent coffee menus demonstrates a dedication to maintaining quality and creating a variety of flavors that appeal to customers. Smart marketing strategies, including the use of social media and partnerships with influencers, have been successful in increasing brand awareness and reaching a wider market segment.

Evolution of Paytm's Business Model

This case study explores the evolution of Paytm's business model, highlighting its transformation from a mobile recharge platform to a multifaceted digital services powerhouse. Initially launched in 2014 by One97 Communications as a prepaid mobile recharge and bill payment platform, Paytm rapidly diversified its offerings to include e-commerce, financial services, and digital payments, capitalizing on India's burgeoning digital economy. The study examines key phases in Paytm's business model evolution, including its expansion into the financial sector with services such as Paytm Wallet, Paytm Payments Bank, and investment products.The analysis focuses on strategic decisions that fueled Paytm's growth, such as its aggressive market penetration strategies, partnerships with major retailers and financial institutions, and its adaptation to regulatory changes. It also highlights how Paytm leveraged technology and data analytics to enhance customer experience and streamline operations, contributing to its market dominance.Furthermore, the case study addresses the challenges faced by Paytm, including intense competition, regulatory hurdles, and the need for continuous innovation to maintain its competitive edge. By examining these aspects, the study provides insights into how Paytm's adaptive business model has enabled it to remain a leading player in India's digital ecosystem.The findings underscore the importance of flexibility and diversification in sustaining growth in the rapidly evolving digital services sector. This case study offers valuable lessons for other businesses seeking to navigate the dynamic landscape of digital transformation and innovation.

Market Penetration Strategy by Increasing Firm Competitiveness

To achieve successful market penetration, businesses must navigate complexities related to culture, legal frameworks, economic conditions, and competition. Businesses must decide whether to standardize their marketing strategies across different markets or adapt them to suit unique market characteristics. Competition is the ability to perform better, and faster. In facing competition, companies need to determine the right strategy, because in general companies are trying to survive, grow and develop. The purpose of the Market Penetration Strategy research by Increasing Company Competitiveness can include several aspects, namely, Assessing the company's strengths and weaknesses. Conducting market analysis to understand existing opportunities and challenges, including consumer preferences and behavior, and market trends and Developping an effective Market Penetration Strategy to increase market penetration, such as products, improving customer service, or competitive pricing strategies. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method to find out how PT. AJS Bumiputera markets its products, using market penetration to increase competitiveness, or to find out what the biggest challenges are in its market penetration strategy. This study uses a qualitative method as one of the methodologies in research that does not yet have a standard definition and is generally agreed upon for use. From the results of the study it is known that PT. Bumiputera Sharia Life Insurance, using market penetration through digital platforms such as social media, company websites, and online advertising campaigns to reach a wider audience. Organizing events, seminars, or workshops, related to finance or health. Providing education about the benefits of insurance products to the public, conducting direct promotions through telemarketing, or face-to-face marketing to introduce products directly.

An Empirical Analysis of E-Takaful Participation Readiness (ETPR) Among Individuals in Malaysia

Increased digitalization is one of the tailwinds expected to impact the Islamic Financial Services Industry (IFSI), including the takaful industry, which is growing at up to 5.2% globally. Despite the increasing penetration of digital technologies, the participation rate in online takaful remains disproportionately low. Hence, a call for a digital platform is seen as vital in the current economic situation to further reach out. This research suggests an integrated model of e-takaful participation readiness (ETPR) and empirically tests the model. Furthermore, this study opts for primary data via a structured online survey adapted from previous studies using a purposive sampling technique. Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) is the main statistical technique used in this study. Based on the perspective of user acceptance of information technology, the current research significantly expands on factors influencing e-takaful participation readiness among 395 individuals such as religiosity, attitude, and takaful literacy. Past studies have visited the topic of e-banking readiness, but limited studies focused on its relation to the e-takaful area. This study is a pioneer in examining consumer participation readiness toward e-takaful services particularly during the digital shifting process due to pandemic. The results supported the measurement model's prediction that each research measure's reliability and validity requirements were met. All the proposed hypotheses were found to be significant and accepted. The findings of this study suggest takaful operators in Malaysia to critically devise their new penetration strategies and focus on giving extra value to induce takaful literacy and make room for improvement in product penetration to the target segments by understanding the factors contributing to this phenomenon. This is crucial for policymakers, takaful operators, and other industry stakeholders to develop strategies that encourage greater adoption of online participation.

PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI BISNIS PADA HOTEL XYZ DENGAN ANALISIS MATRIX IFE DAN EFE

The increases of tourist visits in Bali can influence the development of the hotel industry. The significant increase in the number of tourists has caused demand for accommodation services, especially hotels, which has an impact on increasing hotel competition. This research aims to identify and design a business strategy at hotel XYZ through several stages such as IFAS (Internal Factors Analysis Summary) and EFAS (External Factors Analysis Summary) analysis. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection methods through interviews. Based on the EFAS and IFAS values, the company is in quadrant V with a hold and maintain business strategy. The results of this research provide strategies that can be implemented by XYZ Hotel, namely market penetration strategies and product development strategies.

Lifetime deals: the role of software service offering in convincing consumers

Purpose This study aims to reveal consumer purchase intentions for Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) lifetime deals and the role of service offerings in shaping these intentions. Design/methodology/approach Lifetime deals − an aggressive market penetration strategy − have the potential to allow startups to gain market share, user base and the cash necessary for growth. However, startups need to mitigate consumer concerns for which service offering design plays a key role. Drawing on expectancy-value and signaling theories, this study developed a research model and then conducted empirical research on 2,173 consumers via choice-based conjoint analysis to reveal the critical service offering attributes for consumer utility in lifetime deals in the SaaS presentation tool market context. After using the hierarchical Bayes model to derive each respondent’s part-worth utilities for service offering attributes, the hypotheses were tested via the factor score regression method. Findings The results show that the service offering attributes of low price, refund option, human support and feature updates enhance consumer utility in SaaS lifetime deals. Three of these four attributes, namely, low price, refund option and feature updates, enhance consumers' purchase intentions by reducing their concerns about the service’s performance, seller and lifespan, respectively. Originality/value This study elucidates consumer purchase intentions for SaaS services in digital marketplaces. By investigating a widespread market entry strategy − lifetime deals − it shows consumer preferences and behavior for these deals in the fast-growing online tools market. This study also shows how startups can use lifetime deals through a well-designed service offering to mitigate various consumer concerns.

Cadena de abastecimiento que integra la planeación estratégica y BSC en una empresa constructora

The general objective of this research was to propose a supply chain model based on strategic planning and the Balance Scorecard for the construction company GARES PERU S.A.C., Trujillo, 2021. Non-experimental type, descriptive cross-sectional design. The results indicate that 38% of the clients of the construction company GARESPERU SAC indicate that the level of supply management is regular; 40% of those surveyed indicated that the level of strategic planning is inefficient; 36% of respondents indicated that the level of the BSC is inefficient. A strategic direction was proposed for the company, these are: product development strategy, market penetration strategy and market development strategy. A Balance Scorecard model was developed, obtaining the control panel that integrates indicators. A supply chain model was designed. As a main conclusion, the general objective was met because a supply chain model was developed for the construction company GARES PERU S.A.C., which is aligned with the company's strategic planning, in addition to having support in the BSC dashboard that will facilitate continuous monitoring of the main management indicators.

Механізми тактичного управління торговельних підприємств на основі використання їх потенціалу в умовах розвитку е-бізнесу

The article is devoted to determining the essence and features of tactical management mechanisms of trading enterprises based on the use of their potential in the context of e-business development. It has been investigated that the electronic business market is currently developing, as evidenced by the increasing number of enterprises in the online sales market, the growth in sales volumes, and their share in the total trade volume. The advantages and disadvantages of trading enterprises transitioning to digital platforms are identified, along with the main threats that hinder effective development in this field, including war and logistics disruptions, the introduction of legislative restrictions, currency exchange rate instability, globalization of competition, etc. These threats necessitate optimizing strategies and appropriate tactical management mechanisms for trading and other business processes. It has been determined that the tactical mechanisms of trade activity in the electronic commerce market, based on the utilization of enterprise potential, are a set of measures and tools aimed at achieving the long-term development goals of the enterprise, as outlined in the strategy for market penetration and development in the e-business market, which involves the effective use of enterprise potential. These mechanisms ensure flexibility and efficiency in implementing strategic plans, contributing to adaptation to changes in the market environment and maintaining competitive advantages. It is noted that managing a trading company in the context of entering the e-commerce market requires an integrated approach that encompasses comprehensive marketing, operational, and financial mechanisms. The marketing mechanism includes brand promotion, assortment management, pricing, CRM, multichannel sales, and market analysis. Operational mechanisms involve optimizing the website, managing online advertising, implementing order management systems and efficient logistics, and using CRM tools to maintain customer relationships. Financial mechanisms focus on managing cash flows, optimizing costs, evaluating pricing strategies, and managing financial risks, ensuring the company’s stable growth and competitiveness. Keywords: trade enterprises, e-business, tactical management mechanisms, e-commerce, digital tools, trade enterprise strategy, enterprise potential, transfer potential, competitiveness.

Magnetically actuated cisplatin-loaded nanoparticle collectives enhance drug penetration for potentiated ovarian cancer chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the main clinical treatment for ovarian cancer, but still faces challenges of low drug targeting efficiency and insufficient drug permeability. Drug-loaded nanoparticle collectives, which are actuated by magnetic field, could be targeted to a designated location and achieve targeted drug delivery. In this work, we report a strategy that utilizes magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with cis-diaminodichloroplatinum (Fe3O4@SiO2-CDDP) for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and enhances penetration into deep tumors. The Fe3O4@SiO2-CDDP collectives actively moved to the target tumor site, and this movement was regulated by a magnetic actuation system. Under the action of a torque-force hybrid magnetic field (TFMF), Fe3O4@SiO2-CDDP could further penetrate into the interior of tumors and achieve pH-responsive drug release in the tumor environment. The feasibility of this strategy was verified in three-dimensional cell spheres in vitro and in a tumor-bearing mouse model in vivo. This magnetically actuated nanoparticle collectives enhanced drug penetration strategy provides a new paradigm for targeted drug delivery and potentiated tumor therapy.

Analysis of root-environment interactions reveals mechanical advantages of growth-driven penetration of roots.

Plant roots are considered highly efficient soil explorers. As opposed to the push-driven penetration strategy commonly used by many digging organisms, roots penetrate by growing, adding new cells at the tip, and elongating over a well-defined growth zone. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical aspects associated with root penetration is currently lacking. We perform penetration experiments following Arabidopsis thaliana roots growing into an agar gel environment, and a needle of similar dimensions pushed into the same agar. We measure and compare the environmental deformations in both cases by following the displacement of fluorescent beads embedded within the gel, combining confocal microscopy and Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) analysis. We find that deformations are generally smaller for growing roots. To better understand the mechanical differences between the two penetration strategies, we develop a computational model informed by experiments. Simulations show that, compared to push-driven penetration, grow-driven penetration reduces frictional forces and mechanical work, with lower propagation of displacements in the surrounding medium. These findings shed light on the complex interaction of plant roots with their environment, providing a quantitative understanding based on a comparative approach.

Propose Strategic Marketing Initiatives to Accelerate Market Share and Revenue of MEDTECH Company for Trauma Implant Device in Indonesia (Case Study at MEDTECH Company)

Trauma is a critical global health issue, leading to millions of serious injuries and significant fatalities worldwide, particularly from traffic accidents. In Indonesia, traffic accidents were the fifth leading cause of death in 2023, highlighting the urgent need for effective trauma care. Despite the pandemic, the trauma device market in Indonesia experienced growth, with MEDTECH’s portfolio outperforming the market but still underperforming in revenue generation. This research aims to address MEDTECH’s challenges and formulate strategies to enhance its market presence and sales performance. The study is divided into three phases: identifying core business issues, establishing a theoretical foundation using PESTLE and Porter’s Five Forces, and conducting a SWOT analysis. The PESTEL analysis revealed opportunities such as economic growth and technological advancements, and threats including local content regulations and supply chain issues. The Porter analysis suggests moderate market attractiveness due to competition and innovation needs. The STP analysis identifies key targets, including Tier 1 hospitals for advanced Variable Angle (VA) implants and Tier 2 hospitals for cost-effective Mono Angle (MA) implants. The Marketing Mix analysis highlights the need for product updates, pricing adjustments, expanded distribution, and enhanced promotional activities. To strengthen its position, MEDTECH should focus on immediate product development and market penetration strategies, while also planning for long-term local manufacturing and regulatory compliance to ensure sustainable growth in the Indonesian market.

Endo-atmospheric maneuver penetration strategy based on generative adversarial reinforcement learning

An intelligent endo-atmospheric penetration strategy based on generative adversarial reinforcement learning is proposed in this manuscript. Firstly, attack and defense adversarial models are established, and missile maneuver penetration problem is transformed into an optimal control problem, considering penetration, handover position and mid-terminal guidance velocity constraints. Then, Radau Pseudospectral method is adopted to generate data samples considering random perturbations. Furthermore, Generative Adversarial Imitation Learning Combined with Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient method (GAIL-DDPG) is designed, with internal process reward signals constructed to tackle long-term sparse reward in missile manuver penetration problem. Finally, penetration strategy is trained and verified. Simulation shows that using generative adversarial reinforcement learning, with sample library to learn expert experience in training early stage, the proposed method can quickly converge. Also, performance is further optimized with reinforcement learning exploration strategy in the later stage of training. Simulation shows that the proposed method has better engineering application ability compared with traditional reinforcement learning method.

Analysis of the strategic plan for the Acuña Ventures SAS company in Yopal city, Colombia

Nowadays, companies develop strategic plans for making the right decisions, focused on organizational goals and continuous improvement. The present work was carried out in order to analyze the strategic plan for the company Acuña Ventures SAS in the city of Yopal through the positivist methodology, quantitative approach, descriptive design from the application of a Likert-type survey to 5 workers in the administrative area of the company under study, this information allowed consolidating the development of matrices such as DIAMANTE DE PORTER, MEFE, MEFI, IE, DOFA, PEYEA, MICMAC, then the management tool Balanced Scorecard was implemented. In the analysis of the matrices, strategies for internal development, market development and market penetration are identified, focused on the improvement of internal processes, growth and expansion of the company Acuña Ventures SAS

Tourist Perceptions of Sapta Pesona in the Poncokusumo Tourism Village

This research aims to analyze tourists' perceptions of the application of the elements of Sapta Pesona and formulate a strategy for developing Sapta Pesona in the Poncokusumo Tourism Village. Sapta Pesona which includes Safe, Orderly, Clean, Cool, Beautiful, Friendly, and Memorable is a concept designed to increase the attraction of tourists to tourist destinations. The research method used was a survey with a questionnaire distributed to tourists visiting the Poncokusumo Tourism Village. The collected data was analyzed quantitatively to evaluate tourists' perceptions of each element of Sapta Pesona. In addition, a QSPM SWOT analysis was carried out on the results of interviews with tourism village managers and community leaders to identify effective development strategies. The results of the research show that tourists' perceptions of the implementation of Sapta Pesona in the Poncokusumo Tourism Village generally give a positive value with a total score of 331.3, including very good characteristics. Analysis carried out using the QSPM Matrix, the market penetration strategy obtained the highest Total Attractive Score (TAS), namely 5.105. Therefore, this strategy is the best choice for the Poncokusumo Tourism Village.

Penetration Strategy for High-Speed Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Memory-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

With the development and strengthening of interception measures, the traditional penetration methods of high-speed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are no longer able to meet the penetration requirements in diversified and complex combat scenarios. Due to the advancement of Artificial Intelligence technology in recent years, intelligent penetration methods have gradually become promising solutions. In this paper, a penetration strategy for high-speed UAVs based on improved Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is proposed, in which Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks are incorporated into a classical Soft Actor–Critic (SAC) algorithm. A three-dimensional (3D) planar engagement scenario of a high-speed UAV facing two interceptors with strong maneuverability is constructed. According to the proposed LSTM-SAC approach, the reward function is designed based on the criteria for successful penetration, taking into account energy and flight range constraints. Then, an intelligent penetration strategy is obtained by extensive training, which utilizes the motion states of both sides to make decisions and generate the penetration overload commands for the high-speed UAV. The simulation results show that compared with the classical SAC algorithm, the proposed algorithm has a training efficiency improvement of 75.56% training episode reduction. Meanwhile, the LSTM-SAC approach achieves a successful penetration rate of more than 90% in hypothetical complex scenarios, with a 40% average increase compared with the conventional programmed penetration methods.

Micronano Synergetic Three-Dimensional Bioelectronics: A Revolutionary Breakthrough Platform for Cardiac Electrophysiology.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and therefore pose a significant threat to human health. Cardiac electrophysiology plays a crucial role in the investigation and treatment of CVDs, including arrhythmia. The long-term and accurate detection of electrophysiological activity in cardiomyocytes is essential for advancing cardiology and pharmacology. Regarding the electrophysiological study of cardiac cells, many micronano bioelectric devices and systems have been developed. Such bioelectronic devices possess unique geometric structures of electrodes that enhance quality of electrophysiological signal recording. Though planar multielectrode/multitransistors are widely used for simultaneous multichannel measurement of cell electrophysiological signals, their use for extracellular electrophysiological recording exhibits low signal strength and quality. However, the integration of three-dimensional (3D) multielectrode/multitransistor arrays that use advanced penetration strategies can achieve high-quality intracellular signal recording. This review provides an overview of the manufacturing, geometric structure, and penetration paradigms of 3D micronano devices, as well as their applications for precise drug screening and biomimetic disease modeling. Furthermore, this review also summarizes the current challenges and outlines future directions for the preparation and application of micronano bioelectronic devices, with an aim to promote the development of intracellular electrophysiological platforms and thereby meet the demands of emerging clinical applications.

Customer Churn Prevention For E-commerce Platforms using Machine Learning-based Business Intelligence

Aims & Background: Businesses in the E-commerce sector, especially those in the business- to-consumer segment, are engaged in fierce competition for survival, trying to gain access to their rivals' client bases while keeping current customers from defecting. The cost of acquiring new customers is rising as more competitors join the market with significant upfront expenditures and cutting-edge penetration strategies, making client retention essential for these organizations. Objective: The main objective of this research is to detect probable churning customers and prevent churn with temporary retention measures. It's also essential to understand why the customer decided to go away to apply customized win-back strategies. Methodology: Predictive analysis uses the hybrid classification approach to address the regression and classification issues. The process for forecasting E-commerce customer attrition based on support vector machines is presented in this paper, along with a hybrid recommendation strategy for targeted retention initiatives. You may prevent future customer churn by suggesting reasonable offers or services. Results: The empirical findings demonstrate a considerable increase in the coverage ratio, hit ratio, lift degree, precision rate, and other metrics using the integrated forecasting model. Conclusion: To effectively identify separate groups of lost customers and create a customer churn retention strategy, categorize the various lost customer types using the RFM principle.

A Comparative Analysis of Product Positioning Strategies in the Global Electric Vehicle Market: Insights from Leading Brands and Emerging Markets

This paper conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of product positioning strategies in the global electric vehicle (EV) market, focusing on insights from leading brands such as Tesla and emerging market players like Build Your Dream (BYD). Through an examination of technology innovation, product features, market penetration strategies, pricing models, sustainability, and environmental policies, the study highlights the diverse approaches companies adopt to navigate the rapidly evolving EV landscape. The analysis reveals that technological innovation, particularly in battery technology, drive systems, and autonomous driving capabilities, plays a crucial role in differentiating brands and shaping consumer preferences. Market penetration strategies and pricing models further illustrate how companies adapt to competitive and economic dynamics to maximize their global footprint. Additionally, the paper explores how sustainability and environmental policies reflect corporate responsibility and serve as key components of brand and product positioning strategies. The findings suggest that a deep understanding of these multifaceted aspects is essential for EV manufacturers to achieve long-term success in a market characterized by intense competition and high consumer expectations.

EFFECT OF PRODUCT MARKET MATRIX ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NORTH CENTRAL, NIGERIA

This research work examined the effect of product market matrix on the performance of medium enterprises in North Central, Nigeria. The researcher used primary data source from a sample of three hundred and eighty four (384) respondents obtained by the use of a structured questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, simple percentage and the relationship between the variables of the model were tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The hypotheses of the study were tested using the probability value of the regression estimates. The result of the regression analysis indicates that Market penetration strategy's regression coefficient is 0.401 and significant (p0.05). Product development strategy is -0.059 and negligible (p0.05). A one-unit increase in product development decreases medium firm performance by 0.059 units. A one-unit increase in market development strategy increases medium firm performance by 0.196 units (p0.05). Product diversification approach has a strong coefficient of 0.319. This means a one-unit improvement in product diversification strategy increases medium firm performance by 0.319 units. It was concluded that businesses must consider the region's market conditions, competitive hurdles, and client behaviors to flourish. It was recommended among others that Market Penetration and Product Diversification Strategies are advised for medium enterprises in North Central Nigeria due to their benefits. Expanding market share and targeting existing clients can increase performance. Diversifying products to fulfill client needs can enhance revenue and performance. Firms should use both methods to optimize profits.