Peking Duck Research Articles

Genome-wide association analysis identifies candidate genes for carcass yields in Peking ducks.

Poultry meat, particularly Peking ducks, holds a significant global market share, prized for their high meat yield and fat content. However, understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms influencing carcass yield in ducks is limited. This research aims to use genome-wide association analysis to uncover single-nucleotide polymorphisms influencing carcass yield in Peking ducks, followed by identifying candidate genes linked to carcass traits. In this study, we analyzed seven traits of 643 Peking ducks at age 42 days and identified novel loci associated with these traits. A total of 35 significant loci were detected, with eight SNPs reaching genome-wide significance. KIF20B, AGBL5, SGSM1, MRO, PLAG1, XKR4, and TGS1 were considered as important candidate genes influencing carcass yield in ducks. This study adds to the list of genes affecting Peking duck body traits, aiding marker-assisted breeding and enhancing economic yield.

The Cost Efficiency Analysis of Feed Use

The research aims to analyze the cost efficiency of using three types of feed when rearing three different types of ducks. The benefits of this research are expected to provide information to researchers and the public, especially breeders, about the types of feed and types of ducks that are more cost efficient in the duck farming business. The research used three types of feed and three different types of ducks. This research uses an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial pattern (3x3) with 3 replications consisting of two factors, namely factor A and factor B. Factor A is the type of feed, consisting of; A1 (BR1 feed), A2 (PP3 feed), A3 (Mix feed). Factor B is the type of duck, consisting of; B1 (Peking duck type), B2 (Mojosari duck type), B3 (MA duck type). The variables observed were efficient use of rations (FE), economic efficiency of ration use (EEPP) and feed cost per gain (FCG). The data obtained were analyzed for variance (ANOVA), the differences between treatments were carried out by the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). The research results showed that there was no interaction in each treatment between factors A and B. Factor A showed a very significant effect (P > 0.01) on the cost efficiency of feed use. Meanwhile, factor B shows no real effect. The conclusion of this research is that the best cost efficiency for using rations is the PP3 type of ration with a more efficient type of duck, namely Peking Duck. Suggestions based on research results are for broiler duck fattening businesses to use Peking ducks with PP3 rations to produce maximum body weight and with efficient feed costs.

Genome-Wide Association Analysis and Genetic Parameters for Egg Production Traits in Peking Ducks.

Egg production traits are crucial in the poultry industry, including age at first egg (AFE), egg number (EN) at different stages, and laying rate (LR). Ducks exhibit higher egg production capacity than other poultry species, but the genetic mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we collected egg-laying data of 618 Peking ducks from 22 to 66 weeks of age and genotyped them by whole-genome resequencing. Genetic parameters were calculated based on SNPs, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for these traits. The SNP-based heritability of egg production traits ranged from 0.09 to 0.54. The GWAS identified nine significant SNP loci associated with AFE and egg number from 22 to 66 weeks. These loci showed that the corresponding alleles were positively correlated with a decrease in the traits. Moreover, three potential candidate genes (ENSAPLG00020011445, ENSAPLG00020012564, TMEM260) were identified. Functional enrichment analyses suggest that specific immune responses may have a critical impact on egg production capacity by influencing ovarian function and oocyte maturation processes. In conclusion, this study deepens the understanding of egg-laying genetics in Peking duck and provides a sound theoretical basis for future genetic improvement and genomic selection strategies in poultry.

Carcass Characteristics of Male Peking Ducks with Fermented Yeast (Saccharomyces cereviceae) Culture Pineapple Peel Feed

The male Peking duck is a type of meat duck that has great potential to be developed as a producer of carcasses and primal carcass cuts. The research was carried out with the aim of finding out the best level of addition of pineapple peel fermented yeast (Saccharomyces cereviceae) culture to the percentage of carcasses and carcass primal cuts of male Peking ducks. The material used in this research was 240 male Peking ducks with an initial weight of 343.90 ± 0.90 g. The ration used contains 16% crude protein, with a metabolic energy (ME) of 2.900 kcal/kg. The cage system used is a battery colony cage measuring 200 cm x 60 cm x 50 cm with 30 plots. Each plot contained eight male Peking ducks which were kept until 8 weeks of age. The research data were analyzed using One Way Anova based on a Completely Randomized Design with a unidirectional pattern and followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) using the SPSS version 16 program. The research results showed that the treatment with the addition of 10% fermented pineapple peel in the ration (P2) could produce a male Peking duck carcass percentage of 55.52% higher than the P0 treatment (54.94%); P1 (54.11%); P3 (53.85%); P4 (53.61%) and P5 (52.07%), while in primal carcass cuts the highest percentage was found in the chest at 37.17%, followed by the back (22.67%), wings (13.96%), lower thighs (13.72%) and upper thighs (12.43%). Conclusion: The addition of yeast (Saccharomyces cereviceae) culture fermented pineapple peel at a level of 10% in the ration can produce a higher percentage of carcasses and carcass primal cuts of male Peking ducks compared to other treatments.

Modeling the growth curve in ducks: a sinusoidal model as an alternative to classical nonlinear models

The present study aimed to apply a sinusoidal model to duck body weight records in order to introduce it to the field of poultry science. Using 8 traditional growth functions as a guide (Bridges, Janoschek, logistic, Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Richards, Schumacher, and Morgan), this study looked at how well the sinusoidal equation described the growth patterns of ducks. By evaluating statistical performance and examining model behavior during nonlinear regression curve fitting, models were compared. The data used in this study came from 3 published articles reporting 1) body weight records of Kuzi ducks aged 1 to 70 d, 2) body weight records for Polish Peking ducks aged 1 to 70 d, and 3) average body weight of Peking ducks aged 1 to 42 d belonging to 5 different breeds. The general goodness-of-fit of each model to the various data profiles was assessed using the adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error, Akaike's information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion. All of the models had adjusted coefficient of determination values that were generally high, indicating that the models generally fit the data well. Duck growth dynamics are accurately described by the chosen sinusoidal equation. The sinusoidal equation was found to be one of the best functions for describing the age-related changes in body weight in ducks when the growth functions were compared using the goodness-of-fit criteria. To date, no research has been conducted on the use of sinusoidal equations to describe duck growth development. To describe the growth curves for a variety of duck strains/lines, the sinusoidal function employed in this study serves as a suitable substitute for conventional growth functions.

Analysis of the Cost Efficiency of Using Feed with Different Types of Feed and Ducks

This study examined how cost-effective it was to raise three distinct kinds of ducks using three different types of feed. The results of this study should help researchers and the general public, particularly breeders, by supplying information on the kinds of feed and duck varieties that are more cost-effective in duck farming. Three distinct types of feed and three distinct breeds of ducks were used in this investigation. The study used an experimental design with a factorial pattern (3 x 3) and a completely randomized design (CRD), with three replications made up of two components with the codes factor A and factor B. A1 (feed BR1), A2 (feed PP3), and A3 (feed mix) make up factor A, which is the type of feed. Duck types comprise factor B, which includes B1 (Peking duck), B2 (Mojosari duck), and B3 (MA duck). The factors that were observed were feed cost per gain (FCG), economic efficiency of ration usage (EEPP), and efficient use of rations (FE). The acquired data were subjected to variance analysis (ANOVA), and the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) was used to determine how the treatments differed. The study indicated that variables A and B did not interact in treatments. Regarding the cost-effectiveness of using feed, factor A had a highly significant effect (P > 0.01). However, factor B had no discernible impact. This study concludes that the PP3 type of ration, which uses the more efficient Peking duck, has the best cost-efficiency when using rations. Based on the study findings, the recommendation is to employ Peking ducks fed PP3 diets to raise broiler ducks to their maximum body weight while minimizing ration expenses.

The comparative egg physical characteristics from four poultry species

In this study, we examined the physical characteristics of two local breeds (Cemani chicken and Mojosari putih duck) and two imported breeds (White Leghorn chicken and Peking duck). A total of 280 eggs were tested. Egg physical characteristics and hatchability were analyzed using ANOVA with consideration for breed effects using GLM (SPSS version 25). Peking ducks have a heavier, larger mean of geometric diameter, larger volumes, and larger surface area of eggs (p<0.05). Among them, the Cemani chicken is the smallest in the world (p<0.05). Cemani chicken and Mojosari putih ducks had the highest sphericity and shape index scores, and were significantly different from White Leghorn chickens and Peking ducks (p<0.05). Density parameters were highest in Cemani chickens as well as in White Leghorn chickens, but were significantly different from Peking ducks and Mojosari putih ducks (p<0.05). Hatchability was related to the shape index value. Mojosari putih ducks and Cemani chickens have a higher shape index than White Leghorn chickens and Peking ducks. In summary, the Peking duck was better, but the hatchability was higher for the Mojosari putih duck and Cemani chicken.

Cholecystokinin 1 Receptor Is Activated Permanently in Photodynamic Action

In contrast to agonist activation that is reversed after washout of agonist, we have found that cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R) is activated permanently by singlet oxygen in type II photodynamic action, the G Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Activated By Singlet Oxygen is named GPCR-ABSO. CCK1R ectopically expressed in cell lines is activated in photodynamic action with photosensitizer sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine (SALPC) or with genetically encoded protein photosensitizers (such as miniSOG, KillerRed) to trigger persistent calcium oscillations which are not washed out. Such permanent photodynamic CCK1R activation is seen also in freshly isolated pancreatic acini, which is inhibited by CCK1R antagonist. Photodynamic CCK1R activation is physiological in intensity, triggering calcium oscillations similar in frequencies to those induced by physiological CCK concentrations (10 - 100 pM). The molecular mechanisms for such permanent photodynamic activation of CCK1R at the physiological level are three-fold. When membrane proteins prepared from isolated rat pancreatic acini are subject to Western blot, CCK1R is found to be present as both dimers and monomers. After photodynamic action with SALPC at an intensity that would trigger persistent calcium oscillations in live cells, the resting receptor dimer is converted quantitatively to monomer, similar to agonist stimulated CCK1R monomerization revealed by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) method in rat CCK1R-expressing COS cells, suggesting that photodynamic CCK1R activation we have demonstrated is likely quite physiological. Whilst CCK1R is activated by singlet oxygen in photodynamic action, the M3 acetylcholine receptor is not affected. However, when TM3 of CCK1R is transplanted to M3R to replace TM3 of M3R, the chimeric receptor M3R-TM3CCK1R becomes activatable in photodynamic action, after tagging with miniSOG. The calculated extent of miniSOG photodynamic activation of M3R, chimeric M3R-TM3CCK1R, and CCK1R are 0%, 65%, 100% respectively. Comparative studies with pancreatic acini isolated from the rat, mouse and Peking duck found that sensitivity for photodynamic CCK1R activation is, in descending order: mouse &gt; rat &gt; Peking duck, the same order of the size of structure-free region of intracellular loop 3 (ICL3). Other than CCK1R, CCK2R is photodynamically activated also, after tagging with protein photosensitizer miniSOG. CCK1R and CCK2R are known to be involved in vital physiological functions: pancreatic secretion, satiety sensation, sinoatrial node pace-making, memory formation and storage, and others. Our work implies that all these and other physiological functions might be modulated in vivo by photodynamic CCK1R activation. The fact that such property of permanent photodynamic activation could be transplanted from CCK1R to other GPCR such as M3R suggests that photodynamic activation of GPCR could be used to tease apart the roles and functions of vast numbers of GPCR. Other functional proteins such as NAD(P)H oxidase 2, BK/Slo channel, CaMKII, riboflavin transporter (SLC52A1/RFVT1), might also be photodynamically activated permanently. This work was supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos. 31971170 and 32271278). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Comparison of Carcass Percentage Among Four Duck Breeds under Traditional Rearing Conditions

The research aims to determine the extent of differences in the carcass composition of four types of ducks using semi-intensive cultivation. A total of 16 ducks aged 3 months were used as experimental units. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications was the research design. The results showed that ducks of the same age, namely: Alabio ducks, Peking ducks, Mojosari ducks, and Manila ducks, showed very significant differences (P&lt;0.01) in the variables of slaughter weight, carcass percentage, thigh and back percentage. However, there was no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in the percentage of chest, wings, and neck. It was concluded that the live weight, carcass percentage, and carcass parts of Manila ducks were higher than those of Alabio, Peking, and Mojosari ducks. Meanwhile, Alabio ducks are taller than Peking ducks and Mojosari ducks.

Effects of silybin supplementation on growth performance, serum indexes and liver transcriptome of Peking ducks.

As an emerging feed additive extracted from the traditional herb milk thistle, silybin has few applications and studies in Peking ducks. The aim of this study was to explore the practical significance of silymarin application in Peking ducks and to provide more theoretical support for the application of silymarin in livestock and poultry production. A total of 156 1-day-old healthy Peking ducks were randomly divided into four groups and supplemented with 0 mg/kg (control group), 400 mg/kg (S400), 800 mg/kg (S800) and 1,600 mg/kg (S1600) of silybin in the diets at day 14, to investigate the effects of silymarin on the growth, serum indexes and liver transcriptome of Peking ducks. The whole experiment lasted until day 42, and the sample collection was scheduled to take place in the morning. A substantial inprovement in average daily gain (ADG) and a decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR) occurred in the S1600 group on days 14-28 compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The FCRs of other additive groups in the same period showed the same results. Supplementation of diets with silybin significantly increased serum IgA levels and when 1,600 mg/kg of silybin was given, levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were also significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, we observed that the S1600 group had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) glutamine transaminase and an increased (p < 0.05) T-SOD level in the S400 group (p < 0.05). Liver transcriptome sequencing showed that 71 and 258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the S400 and S1600 groups, respectively, compared with the control group. DEGs related to cell composition and function, antigen processing and presentation were up-regulated, while DEGs related to insulin resistance and JAK-STAT were down-regulated. Conclusively, silybin can be used as a feed additive to improve the growth performance and health status of Peking ducks.

Diversity of Quantitative Characteristics of Sikumbang Jonti Ducks and Peking Ducks

Diversity of Quantitative Characteristics of Sikumbang Jonti Ducks and Peking Ducks

Pendampingan Budidaya Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) Bebek Peking Pedaging di Desa Pakuncen Kecamatan Bojonegara Kabupaten Serang

The peking duck cultivation business is certainly very interesting where 1 peking duck can weigh up to 3 kilograms if sold the price is around 80,000 / kilo is fantastic and can bring promising profits. The mentoring activities of broiler peking duck cultivation carried out by Bina Bangsa University lecturers in Pakuncen Village were very enthusiastically received where this was part of community service where the land in Pakuncen Village for duck cultivation was approximately 1 hectare and flat suitable for making broiler Peking duck cultivation in Pakuncen Village. Peking duck cultivation can be obtained for a dropout of 1,000 ducks aged 5 days can be obtained from the Livestock Service Office of Serang Regency 1 head 5,000 can be sent by its officers as ordered. The purpose of this broiler Peking duck cultivation assistance is to start a business in the field of animal husbandry where there are still many heads of families who do not have jobs and hopefully, it will be useful for the Pakuncen Village community in particular.

The Effect of Providing Fermented Pineapple Peel in The Ration on The Performance of Peking Ducks

This research aims to determine the performance of male Peking ducks given rations containing fermented pineapple peel at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Mataram. The research was carried out for 10 weeks using a Completely Randomized Design, consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replications. Each replication used 8 male Peking ducks aged two weeks so that the number of ducks used was 240. The treatments were P0 = control, P1 = 5% fermented pineapple peel, P2 = 10% fermented pineapple peel, P3 = 15% fermented pineapple peel, P4 = 20% fermented pineapple peel and P5 = 25% fermented pineapple peel. The research variables were: final body weight, body weight gain, ration consumption, Feed Converation Ratio, percentage of carcass and non-carcass analyzed using analysis of variance. The results of the study showed that giving fermented pineapple peel up to a level of 25% had a significant effect (P&lt;0.05) on final body weight, body weight gain and feed consumption, but was not significantly different (P&gt;0.05) on the feed conversion ratio, carcass percentage, small intestine length, small intestine percentage, liver percentage, and leg percentage. Conclusion: Providing fermented pineapple peel to a level of 10% increased final weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, head and neck percentage but reduced heart percentage and gizzard percentage. Feed conversion ratio, carcass percentage, small intestine length, small intestine percentage, liver percentage, and leg percentage were relatively similar between treatments.

The First Crested Duck Genome Reveals Clues to Genetic Compensation and Crest Cushion Formation

The Chinese crested (CC) duck is a unique indigenous waterfowl breed, which has a crest cushion that affects its survival rate. Therefore, the CC duck is an ideal model to investigate the genetic compensation response to maintain genetic stability. In the present study, we first generated a chromosome-level genome of CC ducks. Comparative genomics revealed that genes related to tissue repair, immune function, and tumors were under strong positive selection, indicating that these adaptive changes might enhance cancer resistance and immune response to maintain the genetic stability of CC ducks. We also assembled a Chinese spot-billed (Csp-b) duck genome, and detected the structural variations (SVs) in the genome assemblies of three ducks (i.e., CC duck, Csp-b duck, and Peking duck). Functional analysis revealed that several SVs were related to the immune system of CC ducks, further strongly suggesting that genetic compensation in the anti-tumor and immune systems supports the survival of CC ducks. Moreover, we confirmed that the CC duck originated from the mallard ducks. Finally, we revealed the physiological and genetic basis of crest traits and identified a causative mutation in TAS2R40 that leads to crest formation. Overall, the findings of this study provide new insights into the role of genetic compensation in adaptive evolution.

Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes participate mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by copper in duck kidney.

Copper (Cu) can be harmful to host physiology at high levels, although it is still unclear exactly how it causes nephrotoxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are associated with heavy metal intoxication. Meanwhile, mitochondria and ER are connected via mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAM). In order to reveal the crosstalk between them, a total of 144 1-day-old Peking ducks were randomly divided into four groups: control (basal diet), 100mg/kg Cu, 200mg/kg Cu, and 400mg/kg Cu groups. Results found that excessive Cu disrupted MAM integrity, reduced the co-localization of IP3R and VDAC1, and significantly changed the MAM-related factors levels (Grp75, Mfn2, IP3R, MCU, PACS2, and VDAC1), leading to MAM dysfunction. We further found that Cu exposure induced mitochondrial dysfunction via decreasing the ATP level and the expression levels of COX4, TOM20, SIRT1, and OPA1 and up-regulating Parkin expression level. Meanwhile, Cu exposure dramatically increased the expression levels of Grp78, CRT, and ATF4, resulting in ER stress. Overall, these findings demonstrated MAM plays the critical role in Cu-induced kidney mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, which deepened our understanding of Cu-induced nephrotoxicity.

Performance of Local Peking Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) with Commercial Probiotics (Probac) at Different Levels

Peking duck is one of the superior ducks that breeders are interested in keeping. Maintaining broiler ducks often occurs with several obstacles including mortality, high feed conversion and target body weight couldn’t achieve. The use of probiotics generally gives a positive response on livestock performance. This study aims to determine the performance of local Peking ducks with the addition of commercial probiotics (Probac) with different levels. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Experimental level with P0 (without probiotics), P1 (1g/kg feed probiotics), P2 (2g/kg feed probiotics), P3 (3kg/kg feed probiotics) The variables observed were body weight, feed conversion and mortality. The best results showed that the use of a commercial probiotic (Probac) with a P2 level (2g/kg feed) had an effect on body weight, but had no effect on feed conversion and mortality in local Peking ducks. It is recommended to use a commercial probiotic (Probac) at a dose of 2g/kg of feed to increase the performance of local Peking ducks

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN POSTAL AND STAGE CAGE FOR PEKING DUCKS PERFORMANCE

This study conducted to determine the differences of Postal cage and Stage cage on the performance of Peking Duck in Body Weight, feed conversion, and mortality. The material used in the study was 600 Peking ducks were raised separately in postal cage and stage cage with common diet from DOD (Days Old Duck) to 35 day of age. This research was a quantitative descriptive research that interpreted data from research samples, analyzed by student T test that is used to compare the means of two groups that is Peking ducklings were raised in postal cage and stage cage. The results showed that the Body Weight, FCR, and Mortality of Peking Ducks were reared in Postal Cage is 1,54, 1,94 and 1,5% while the ducks that were kept in Stage Cage is 1.53, 1,95 and 2,5%. The results indicated that there was no difference in the performance (Body weight, FCR, and Mortality) of Peking ducks housed in postal and stage cage. However, based on the average values for body weight, FCR, and mortality, the postal cage provides the best results.

Photodynamic Activation of Cholecystokinin 1 Receptor Is Conserved in Mammalian and Avian Pancreatic Acini.

Cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R) is the only G protein coupled receptor that is activated in type II photodynamic action, but whether this is a property common to both mammalian and avian species is not known. In this work, pancreatic acini were isolated from the rat, mouse, and Peking duck, and photodynamic CCK1R activation was examined. Isolated pancreatic acini were exposed to photosensitizer sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine (SALPC) and photodynamic action elicited by a brief light-emitting diode (LED 675 nm) pulse (1.5 min); photodynamic CCK1R activation was assessed by Fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging. Photodynamic action was found to induce persistent calcium oscillations in rat, mouse, and Peking duck pancreatic acini, with the sensitivity order of mouse > rat > Peking duck. Photodynamically-activated CCK1R could be inhibited reversibly by CCK1R antagonist devazepide (1 μM); photodynamic CCK1R activation was blocked by pre-incubation with 1O2 quencher Trolox C (300 µM). The sensitivity of photodynamic CCK1R activation was correlated with the increasing size of the disordered region in intracellular loop 3. These data suggest that photodynamic CCK1R activation is conserved in both mammalian and avian species, as evidenced by the presence of the photodynamic activation motif "YFM" in transmembrane domain 3.

A highly contiguous genome assembly for the California quail (Callipepla californica).

The California quail (Callipepla californica) is an iconic native bird of scrub and oak woodlands in California and the Baja Peninsula of Mexico. Here, we report a draft reference assembly for the species generated from PacBio HiFi long read and Omni-C chromatin-proximity sequencing data as part of the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP). Sequenced reads were assembled into 321 scaffolds totaling 1.08 Gb in length. Assembly metrics indicate a highly contiguous and complete assembly with a contig N50 of 5.5 Mb, scaffold N50 of 19.4 Mb, and BUSCO completeness score of 96.5%. Transposable elements (TEs) occupy 16.5% of the genome, more than previous Odontophoridae quail assemblies but in line with estimates of TE content for recent long-read assemblies of chicken and Peking duck. Together these metrics indicate that the present assembly is more complete than prior reference assemblies generated for Odontophoridae quail. This reference will serve as an essential resource for studies on local adaptation, phylogeography, and conservation genetics in this species of significant biological and recreational interest.

Effect of different levels of oxytetracycline antibiotics on some intestine and immune traits of Chinese ducks

This study was conducted in the field of poultry, Agricultural Research and Experiments Station, College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, from 14/12/2021 to 14/2/2022. A total of Sixty one-day-old Peking ducks were reared, with an average weight of 42 g, to study the effect of adding different levels of oxytetracycline antibiotics at levels: 0, 0.125, 0.250 and T4 0.375% on some intestinal and immune traits of Chinese ducks. The results indicated a significant superiority remove on the relative weight and length of the small intestine with all its parts (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) for Chinese ducks when using the antibiotic oxytetracycline antibiotics, it was described as a growth stimulator compared to the control treatment. The addition of the antibiotic oxytetracycline antibiotics at high levels (0.375 mg/kg feed) led to a significant improvement remove of the immunological characteristics represented by the relative weight of bursa gland compared to the control treatment