New achievements in cell biology in poultry

Abstract

Purpose: development of new cell engineering in poultry farmingMaterials and methods. The following breeds of chickens were selected for research: Russian White, Minorca, Light Brahma and Fawn Brahma in comparison with the interspecific chimera of Japanese quail and Beijing duck. All chimeras were obtained by transplantation in the latter case of primary germ cells, in other breeds of blastodermal cells into the sub-embryonic region of recipient embryos. All embryonic cells before transplantation were cultivated for two days in special culture media supplemented with fetal cow serum and antibiotics. Chimeras were identified by the presence of contrasting feathers, unusual for this breed.Results. Unlike mammals, birds have a completely different embryonic development, which requires the development of new developments in cell biology to obtain chimeric birds. There are intrabreed chimeras and interspecies, obtained from organisms of different species. As an example of an interspecific chimera, a chimera of a Japanese quail and a Peking duck with a chimeric phenotype of black feathers on the neck is presented. Primary germ cells of Japanese quail served as donors. We obtained interbreeding chimeras of light and yellow brahma, when the donors were blastodermal cells of the light brahma, and the recipients were early embryos of the fawn brahma. Another variant of chimeras were chimeras between the breeds Russian White (donor blastodermal cells) and Minorca (embryo recipient).Conclusion. The observed sharp decline in the number of bird breeds requires new approaches to their conservation and the creation of new genetic organisms. With the help of modern developments in cell biology, it has become possible to create a new strategy for obtaining chimeric birds. The use of pluripotent embryonic cells has led to the creation of interbreed and interspecies bird chimeras.