Peer Group Acceptance Research Articles

Developing an Understanding of Brand Associations in Team Sport: Empirical Evidence from Consumers of Professional Sport

This study broadens the understanding of brand management in sport by creating the Team Association Model, a scale that identifies dimensions of brand associations, a major contributor to the creation of brand equity. Utilizing Keller’s (1993) theoretical framework of consumer-based brand equity, a thorough review of the sport literature was conducted which identified 16 potential dimensions. These 16 dimensions are derived with reference to Keller’s categorization of brand associations into ATTRIBUTE (success, head coach, star player, management, stadium, logo design, product delivery, and tradition), BENEFIT (identification, nostalgia, pride in place, escape, and peer group acceptance), and ATTITUDE (importance, knowledge, and affect). In order to evaluate the applicability of each potential dimension, a scale is developed, pre-tested, and tested on a national sample of sport consumers. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis of provided support for this paper’s theoretical notion that 16 distinct constructs underlie brand associations in sports.

Understanding Brand Loyalty in Professional Sport: Examining the Link Between Brand Associations and Brand Loyalty

This paper examines the relationship between brand associations (anything in the consumer's mind linked to a specific team brand) and brand loyalty in US professional sport. To study the relationship between 13 brand association dimensions and brand loyalty, a survey of professional sport consumers was completed (N = 929). Results of multiple regression analysis revealed positive relationships between fan identification, escape, nostalgia, and product delivery, and brand loyalty. Negative relationships were found between tradition, star players, and peer group acceptance, and brand loyalty.

Peer Acceptance and Cognitive Development

To verify whether development of cognitive skills and peer acceptance are necessarily linked, 212 students of low socioeconomic status in the first, second, and third grades of a public school in Brazil were studied. A sociometric evaluation of peer group acceptance in play and study situations was conducted. The cognitive tasks were the mental imaging and conservation of mass and length (operative casks) as well as location of dice and equidistancing arrangements (creation of possibilities tasks). Analysis showed the children identified as desirable study companions had highly developed general cognitive abilities, and those chosen as desirable for both study and play not only had highly developed general cognitive abilities but also highly developed operativeness. Children who were socially isolated, however, had even higher mean cognitive assessment score in relation to both creation of possibilities and general cognitive development than did those with ratings of negative or positive salience.

A p* primer: logit models for social networks

Abstract A major criticism of the statistical models for analyzing social networks developed by Holland, Leinhardt, and others [Holland, P.W., Leinhardt, S., 1977. Notes on the statistical analysis of social network data; Holland, P.W., Leinhardt, S., 1981. An exponential family of probability distributions for directed graphs. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 76, pp. 33–65 (with discussion); Fienberg, S.E., Wasserman, S., 1981. Categorical data analysis of single sociometric relations. In: Leinhardt, S. (Ed.), Sociological Methodology 1981, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 156–192; Fienberg, S.E., Meyer, M.M., Wasserman, S., 1985. Statistical analysis of multiple sociometric relations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 80, pp. 51–67; Wasserman, S., Weaver, S., 1985. Statistical analysis of binary relational data: Parameter estimation. Journal of Mathematical Psychology. 29, pp. 406–427; Wasserman, S., 1987. Conformity of two sociometric relations. Psychometrika. 52, pp. 3–18] is the very strong independence assumption made on interacting individuals or units within a network or group. This limiting assumption is no longer necessary given recent developments on models for random graphs made by Frank and Strauss [Frank, O., Strauss, D., 1986. Markov graphs. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 81, pp. 832–842] and Strauss and Ikeda [Strauss, D., Ikeda, M., 1990. Pseudolikelihood estimation for social networks. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 85, pp. 204–212]. The resulting models are extremely flexible and easy to fit to data. Although Wasserman and Pattison [Wasserman, S., Pattison, P., 1996. Logit models and logistic regressions for social networks: I. An introduction to Markov random graphs and p*. Psychometrika. 60, pp. 401–426] present a derivation and extension of these models, this paper is a primer on how to use these important breakthroughs to model the relationships between actors (individuals, units) within a single network and provides an extension of the models to multiple networks. The models for multiple networks permit researchers to study how groups are similar and/or how they are different. The models for single and multiple networks and the modeling process are illustrated using friendship data from elementary school children from a study by Parker and Asher [Parker, J.G., Asher, S.R., 1993. Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Developmental Psychology. 29, pp. 611–621].

Predictors of Friendship Quality and Peer Group Acceptance at Summer Camp

Relations between friendship quality and peer acceptance were examined by assessing predictors of, and quality of adolescents' (N = 118) relationships at summer camp. Having a positive friendship before camp predicted the development of a positive friendship and the acceptance by peers at camp. Peer acceptance before camp predicted peer acceptance but not friendship quality at camp. Self-reported sociability predicted peer acceptance at camp but not friendship quality; hostility predicted antagonism in friendships and peer group relationships. Physical attractiveness was a stronger predictor of positive friendships and peer acceptance than was sociability. Results indicated that in a new peer group, behaviors necessary for peer acceptance may differ from those necessary for positive friendships, but attractiveness may be important to both.

Transition from paediatric to adult-orientated care for adolescents with cystic fibrosis

SummaryAdolescence is a time of major physical and psychological change. Young teenagers need to become comfortable with their developing sexuality, to begin moving towards independence with a greater reliance on peer group acceptance, to face the future and to make important decisions about their education, career and goals. Difficulties inherent in all of these steps to adult life are magnified by chronic ill health. It is harder for adolescent patients to break family ties, harder to feel accepted by their peer group, harder to plan realistically for the future. It must be the overriding aim of the professional health carers to encourage these patients to confront the problems of adolescence and to help them maintain their physical and emotional stability throughout this challenging period. Parents also must be supported, and encouraged gradually to devolve to their child responsibilities for decision making and for taking prescribed medication. A planned and sensitive transition from a paediatric to an adult health-care system will aid a successful evolution to an independent adult life. The paediatric hospital environment is not best equipped to deal with the problems of adolescence. Just as parents must allow their child to move on, so the paediatric caring team must loosen its ties with the patient and allow transfer to the adult team. There are several ways of effecting this transfer of care. None of them is proven to be better than any other, but the transfer should always be planned, smooth, efficient and expected by the patient. Ideally, all patients should have the opportunity to transfer to a properly equipped and properly staffed adult cystic fibrosis centre where they can continue to receive the highest standards of care from an experienced multidisciplinary team.

Peer Group Acceptance and Academic Performance Among Adolescents Participating in a Dropout Prevention Program

This investigation examines the relationship between peer group acceptance and academic performance among adolescents participating in a dropout prevention program. Three variables assessing school-related attitudes and behavior are identified as potential links between peer group acceptance and academic performance and the results are examined in the context of the gender and racial/ethnic group identification of adolescent respondents. Peer group acceptance is found to have an indirect rather than a direct influence on academic achievement. The behavior variable, avoidance of problem behavior, provides the strongest path of connection between peer group acceptance and academic performance. Implications of the findings for social work practice in the school setting are discussed.

Annotation: sociometry and peer relationships.

Annotation: sociometry and peer relationships.

Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction.

The distinction between friendship adjustment and acceptance by the peer group was examined. Third- through 5th-grade children (N = 881) completed sociometric measures of acceptance and friendship, a measure of loneliness, a questionnaire on the features of their very best friendships, and a measure of their friendship satisfaction. Results indicated that many low-accepted children had best friends and were satisfied with these friendships. However, these children's friendships were lower than those of other children on most dimensions of quality. Having a friend, friendship quality, and group acceptance made separate contributions to the prediction of loneliness

Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction.

Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction.

Physical Attractiveness and Athletic and Academic Ability in Controversial-Aggressive and Rejected-Aggressive Children

Physical Attractiveness and Athletic and Academic Ability in Controversial-Aggressive and Rejected-Aggressive ChildrenBrick Johnstone, Cynthia L. Frame and Dawn BoumanBrick JohnstoneSearch for more papers by this author, Cynthia L. FrameSearch for more papers by this author and Dawn Bouman1 University of Missouri-Columbia2 University of Georgia3 University of Missouri-ColumbiaSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:January 2011https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1992.11.1.71PDFPDF PLUS ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations About Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Cited byCited by1. The Attention Skills and Academic Performance of Aggressive/Rejected and Low Aggressive/Popular ChildrenOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar2. Peer acceptance and social behavior during childhood and adolescence: How important are appearance, athleticism, and academic competence?Online publication date: 16 March 2009. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar3. Predictors of Friendship Quality and Peer Group Acceptance at Summer CampOnline publication date: 26 July 2016. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar4. Physical attractiveness of girls with gender identity disorderOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar5. Maternal perceptions of and sensitivity toward very low birthweight infants with and without postnatal headmoldingOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar6. Online publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar Volume 11Issue 1Mar 1992 Information© 1992 Guilford Publications Inc.PDF download

Cigarette Smoking, Tea and Coffee Drinking, and Subfecundity

A population-based survey of life-style factors and subfecundity (prolonged time to pregnancy) was conducted between 1984 and 1987 in two cities in Denmark. Altogether, 11,888 women filled out a questionnaire in the last trimester of pregnancy (an 86 percent response rate). After exclusion of women who had been treated for infertility or who did not respond to the question on infertility, 10,886 subjects remained. Among nonsmokers, no association was found between subfecundity (defined as a waiting time of 1 year or more from cessation of contraception to achievement of pregnancy) and consumption of hot caffeinated beverages. For women who smoked and also consumed at least 8 cups of coffee per day (or an equivalent amount of tea), a statistically significant association was seen (odds ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.48) for a wait of 1 year or more. Consumption of coffee was closely related to smoking habits and to a number of social factors, such as education and peer group acceptance, which may play a role in subfecundity.

The Effects of Single-Sex Schooling on Achievement and Attitudes in Nigeria

The Effects of Single-Sex Schooling on Achievement and Attitudes in Nigeria

Conceptions and Perceived Influence of Peer Groups: Interviews with Preadolescents and Adolescents

72 fifth-, eighth-, and eleventh-grade boys and girls were interviewed to investigate developmental changes in perceptions of peer groups and group influence. Results indicated that preadolescents defined groups on the basis of common activities and social behavior and considered group influence to be greatest in these domains. Older adolescents were more likely to describe peer-group influence as global and far reaching, affecting one's appearance, illicit acts, attitudes, and values. Corresponding to increases in peer-group conceptions emphasizing group attitudes/norms and global influence were increases in the extent to which subjects felt that peer-group acceptance or rejection influenced self-evaluation. Developmental changes in the apparent reference-group functions of peer groups for adolescent identity formation are discussed.

Continuous Epidural Anesthesia for Aortic Surgery

Continuous epidural anesthesia (CEPA) has been recommended on the basis of limited reported experience as being safe to use during elective peripheral revascularization. This study surveyed peer acceptance and safety by means of a questionnaire that was mailed to the 190 members of the Southern Association for Vascular Surgery (52% rate of response). Of the respondents, 42% used CEPA and 54% considered it safe; 895 cases were compiled without complication. Twenty-five consecutive patients undergoing abdominal aortic reconstruction were then studied under a prospective protocol, which measured left ventricular function perioperatively. Preanesthetic, nitroglycerin-induced volume loading averaged 3570 ml in 15 general anesthesia (GA) cases and 3463 ml in 10 CEPA cases. Intraoperative volumes averaged 4341 ml GA and 6350 ml CEPA; after correction for blood loss per administration, patients in whom CEPA was used received an average 3080 ml excess volume. Eighteen-hour postoperative volumes averaged 1750 ml GA and 3156 ml CEPA. In the GA cohort, cardiac index fell from 3.57 to 2.80 L/min-m2 and rebounded to 3.07 L/min-m2 after unclamping. Left ventricular stroke work index fell from 56 to 46 gm-m/m2 (p less than 0.05), remained greater than 45 throughout clamping, and rebounded to 51 after unclamping. In the CEPA cohort, cardiac index fell from 3.50 to 2.85 L/min-m2 after supplemental GA administration, fell to a low of 2.30 L/min-m2 and remained at that range throughout the study; left ventricular stroke work index fell from 50 to 35 gm-m/m2 and remained depressed throughout. All intraoperative values were significantly (p less than 0.001 to p less than 0.05) depressed from baseline values, and from before unclamping and onward they were significantly (p less than 0.01) depressed as compared with those of the GA cohort. The use of CEPA has moderate peer group acceptance and apparently few major technique-related complications in elective revascularization cases. In aortic surgical procedures, and when combined with GA, the use of CEPA results in greater total perioperative fluid volume administration and has the potential for subtle left ventricular dysfunction.

Personal problems of adolescents and their relationship to peer acceptance and sex-role identity

The Mooney Problem Checklist (MPCL), Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and a series of sociometric rating scales were administered to four groups of adolescents (40 males and 48 females from grade 8-average age = 13.5 years; 39 males and 37 females from grade 12-average age = 17.5 years). The total number of problems reported and the number in many of the 11 areas of the MPCL were fewer in the older group of males than the other three groups. As the number of problems was expected to decrease with age, it was proposed that females' problem level was maintained at a high level by pressures to conform to a feminine sex-role identity. This speculation was based on the findings that females became more stereotyped (more feminine, less masculine) with age and that femininity was significantly related to the number of problems for females. Although masculinity and peer group acceptance were expected to relate negatively to the number of problems, none of the groups supported the prediction for masculinity, and only the younger males confirmed the hypothesis for peer acceptance.