Peer Factors Research Articles

PUBLIC SPEAKING ANXIETY DURING ORAL PRESENTATION: FACTORS AFFECTING AND HOW STUDENTS OVERCOME IT

The main focus in this research is to investigate the factors affecting public speaking anxiety among students during oral presentation and to explore students’ strategies to overcome public speaking anxiety. The participants in this this case study research are 2nd grade of senior high school students at Daruttaqwien Islamic Boarding School. This research utilizes observation and interview to explore more deeply about factors causing public speaking anxiety and students’ strategies to overcome it during oral presentation. The results of this research found that the students experienced various factors affecting public speaking anxiety such as lack of confidence, language factor, grammar factor, pronunciation factor, and peer factor. Meanwhile, the students’ strategies in overcoming public speaking anxiety were think positively, preparation, practice, and deal with audience. Hopefully, the results of this study can be helpful as a reference for students and teachers in order to aware about public speaking anxiety, so the approach for overcoming public speaking anxiety can be found simultaneously.

Unlocking adolescent dietary behaviours: the causal role of social contexts

Abstract Background Using a causal inference framework, our study aimed to extend previous work in providing a comprehensive understanding of the role various social contexts across different levels can play in predicting adolescent dietary behaviours. Methods Data came from the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Flanders (Belgium). The sample included representative data from 8,702 adolescents in 165 schools. Social factors at individual-level (family meals, family, peer, student and teacher support) and at contextual-level (school culture of student and teacher support and school-level socioeconomic status [SES]) were considered. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed. Results At individual-level, family meals and family and student support were positively associated with fruit and vegetable consumption, family meals with sweet consumption too. Student and teacher support showed positive associations solely with fruit consumption. At contextual-level, adolescents attending schools with a lower school-SES demonstrated lower vegetable consumption. Culture of teacher support was negatively associated with sweets but also vegetable consumption. For culture of student support no associations were found. Conclusions The study mainly provide cues for strengthening family social ties as dietary health promotion initiatives, with some evidence supporting the role of beneficial peer and school social factors. Mixed results for contextual school-level social factors warrant further research to identify additional school-related influences on adolescent dietary behaviours to advance current understandings. Key messages • Family meals and support promote healthy eating in adolescents, emphasising the health promoting role of family social ties in dietary habits. • Mixed findings on school-level social factors call for more research on school health policies.

Factors predicting a decrease in suicidality among young people (0-28 years old)

Abstract Background Suicide, self-harm and suicidal thoughts (i.e., suicidality) are important public health concerns. Most youth that experience suicidality find a way to overcome these affronts. Preventative public health measures require an understanding of factors that can help youth overcome their suicidality. Methods Data come from a Dutch prospective birth-cohort study that surveyed youth from age 11 to 28 (measurements 2-3 years apart). We determined the proportion of youth that experienced suicidality across seven waves and focused on changes in suicidality, and factors associated with changes in suicidality using linear discriminant analysis. We examined a mix of individual, family, peer and socio-cultural factors in line with an ecological framework, e.g. the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Results Between 4-8% of youth experienced suicidal thoughts and between 2-5% experienced self-harm across time points. Most youth (89%-94% across time points) did not experience changes in suicidality, while between 3-6% experienced a decline of suicidal thoughts and between 2-4% a decline in self-harm across time points. Discriminant analyses could correctly identify ≈90% of subgroup per case (decline, increase, stable suicidality). But, the model was not very accurate in predicting which youth belonged to the declining suicidality subgroup. Functions with best predictive ability indicated the importance of interpersonal factors; belonging to peers, parents, classmates, teachers and religion. Also, overall happiness and positive changes in romantic relationships and family had predictive value. Conclusions It remains difficult to distinguish youth who experience a decrease in suicidality. Interpersonal factors may play a role in changes in suicidality, but we need to identify new factors related to declines in suicidality. Future prospective birth-cohort study should consider including factors that may be better predictors of decreases in suicidality and mental health in general. Key messages • Factors that contribute to decreases in suicidality will enrich suicide prevention strategies, which have until thusfar mostly been informed by a risk perspective. • Interpersonal factors might play an important role in changes in suicidality among youth, which indicates we need an ecological perspective on suicidality rather than an individual perspective.

Peer Relationships and Social Media Use in Adolescents with Body Dysmorphic Disorder

AbstractBody dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a common and debilitating disorder in adolescents, yet there is little research on the disorder in young people. The current study aimed to investigate peer relationship factors in 26 adolescents (aged 12 to 17 years) with BDD, compared to 27 adolescents with anxiety disorders and 25 adolescents without mental disorders. Participants completed self-report measures on peer appearance and general victimisation, peer support, appearance co-rumination and social media use. Adolescents with BDD and anxiety disorders perceived significantly less peer support than adolescents in the non-clinical control group. Although the frequency of perceived appearance and general victimisation did not differ significantly between groups, adolescents with BDD reported significantly more distress due to appearance victimisation than the non-clinical control group. Adolescents with BDD and anxiety disorders reported spending more time on social media than the non-clinical control group, and the BDD group engaged in significantly more online appearance comparisons than both the anxiety and control group. The relationships between BDD, victimisation, social media use, and other peer factors require further empirical investigation.

Factors Associated with Bullying in Adolescents: a Literature Review

Background: Bullying is deliberate and repeated aggressive behavior toward another person in which there is a real or perceived power imbalance, and the victim of bullying feels vulnerable and powerless to protect himself. Objective: To determine the factors associated with bullying in adolescents. Methods: This article is a literature review of research articles conducted by summarizing and analyzing related articles. The search method used three electronic databases, namely Science Direct, Willey, and Pubmed with the keywords bullying, adolescent, factors and mental health. The inclusion criteria for writing were free English articles for the last 5 years, adolescent research samples, quantitative research, full text articles, relevant related articles, and original articles. Results: There were nine articles that met the inclusion criteria. The findings showed that there are various factors associated with bullying in adolescents. Conclusion: This study found that bullying in adolescents is influenced by individual, family, peer, and school environment factors. A holistic approach with interventions at multiple levels is needed to create a safe and supportive environment for students.

RELAPSE PENYALAHGUNAAN DADAH DALAM KALANGAN BEKAS BANDUAN DIBAWAH PENGAWASAN PDRM [RELAPSE OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG EX -PRISONERS UNDER PDRM SUPERVISION

Drug relapse behavior among ex-convicts is driven and influenced by many factors. The main purpose of this study is to identify the main factors that lead to drug relapse behavior among ex-prisoners and also the effectiveness of punishment given to ex-helpers to prevent them from engaging in drug relapse behavior. Through this study, there are five main factors that are the focus of the study such as peer factors, family factors, the effect of punishment, the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and also community education. The implementation of this study is using a quantitative approach where group interviews and individual interviews are used as the main method to collect data and information from the study respondents who consist of 8 inmates in three prisons in Kedah, namely Yan Prison, Sik Prison and Kuala Kedah Prison. All the respondents of this study are Indian juvenile prisoners aged in their 20s and ex-prisoners who are still under the supervision of the PDRM.

Praktik Kesehatan Reproduksi pada Remaja Pasca Penyuluhan

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of adolescent knowledge, the role of teachers, the role of parents, the role of peers and access to information media on reproductive health practices in post-counseling adolescents. This research method used cross sectional, sample was 287 people, using stratified sampling technique. The results of the study showed the factors that influence reproductive health practices are knowledge (p = 0.000), the role of teachers (p = 0.000), the role of parents (p = 0.006), the role of peers (p = 0.022) while access to information media (p = 0.877) is not a factor affecting reproductive health practices. The conclusion was knowledge, the role of teachers, the role of parents, and the role of peers factors influence adolescents reproductive health practice, while access to information media is not a factor that influence adolescents reproductive health practice in post-counseling adolescent. Keywords: Health Reproduction, Adolescent, Counseling

Exploring the Relevant Factors of Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in Language Learning—A Systematic and Bibliometric Approach

Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in learners’ Willingness to Communicate (WTC) within the L2 learning environment. This study aims to explore current trends, remarkable subjects, influential authors, sources and interplay of WTC variables in L2 learning from 1985 to 2023. A total of 259 articles were selected through PRISMA for the visualization of VOSviewer, and 221 publications for the citation network analysis with CitNetExplorer. The findings revealed 3 major variables with the capacity to influence WTC: individual traits, teachers’ roles, and learning environments. Prominent themes include the rising trend of positive psychology, the importance of motivation, confidence, attitudes, the application of teacher immediacy and WTC in L2 learning. The study also highlights the significance of considering peer and cultural factors in future research. By providing a rigorous overview of the literature, this study contributes valuable insights into the current state of WTC in L2 learning education.

Motives Behind University Students’ Enrolment in the Co-operative Programs in Tanzania

This study explored cooperative education's dynamics at the Moshi Co-operative University in Tanzania, aiming to establish factors influencing students' enrolment in cooperative programs amidst challenges faced by Tanzanian cooperative societies. Utilizing Dweck's Goal Orientation Approach, the study employed a qualitative single-case design, involving 50 students selected through purposive sampling to ensure a diverse representation of perspectives and experiences. Data collection methods include semi-structured interviews and documentary reviews, facilitating insights into participants' motivations, experiences, and the contextual factors guiding their decisions. Thematic analysis guided by Dweck's approach ensured a systematic examination of the data, revealing the influential roles of parents, friends, teachers, family and role models in students' program choices. Emphasis is appears on the significance of employment opportunities and program relevance in shaping students' decisions. The study concludes that influential factors in students' enrolment include parental, peer, teacher, family and role model factors, emphasizing the significance of employment opportunities and program relevance. To strengthen cooperative education at MoCU, the study recommends collaborative initiatives, program diversification, improved career guidance, continuous professional development, systematic program evaluation, policy refinement and longitudinal impact assessments.

Internalisasi Nilai Menghargai Sesama dalam Meminimalisir Perilaku Bullying pada Pesantren Modern Kota Banda Aceh

This research aims to determine the internalization of the value of respecting others in minimizing bullying behavior in modern pesantren in Banda Aceh City (MTsS Darul Ulum and SMPIT Teungku Chiek Dibitai). The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a field research approach. The respondents of this study were the Principal, 4 Islamic Religious Education teachers, 2 Counseling Guidance teachers and 20 students. Data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used the Miles and Huberman analysis model. The results showed that, (1) there are several factors that cause bullying behavior in students at MTsS Darul Ulum and SMPIT Teungku Chiek Dibitai, namely family factors, peer factors and mass media or social media factors. (2) there are various policies carried out by MTsS Darul Ulum and SMPIT Teungku Chiek Dibitai in living the value of respecting others in minimizing bullying behavior in students through learning activities in the classroom and learning activities outside the classroom, (3) the implementation of internalizing the value of respecting others in minimizing bullying behavior at MTsS Darul Ulum and SMPIT Teungku Chiek Dibitai is carried out through exemplary, (4) the implications of the results of internalizing the value of respecting others in minimizing bullying behavior at MTsS Darul Ulum and SMPIT Teungku Chiek Dibitai include fostering caring and empathetic attitudes towards others, having good manners towards others, and respecting every difference. This research is expected to provide theoretical and practical benefits, especially in dealing with bullying behavior in all educational institutions.

Factors Affecting Autistic Students’ School Motivation

Factors Affecting Autistic Students’ School Motivation

‘Getting addicted to it and losing a lot of money… it’s just like a hole.’ A grounded theory model of how social determinants shape adolescents’ choices to not gamble

BackgroundGambling abstinence when underage lowers the risk of harmful gambling in later life. However, little research has examined why many young people refrain from gambling, even though this knowledge can inform protective strategies and lower risk factors to reduce underage gambling and subsequent harm. This study draws on the lived experience of adolescent non-gamblers to explore how social determinants while growing up have shaped their reasons and choices to not gamble.MethodsFourteen Australian non-gamblers, aged 12–17 years, participated in an in-depth individual interview (4 girls, 3 boys) or online community (4 girls, 3 boys). Questions in each condition differed, but both explored participants’ gambling-related experiences while growing up, including exposure, attitudes and behaviours of parents and peers, advertising, simulated gambling and motivations for not gambling. The analysis used adaptive grounded theory methods.ResultsThe grounded theory model identifies several reasons for not gambling, including not being interested, being below the legal gambling age, discouragement from parent and peers, concern about gambling addiction and harm, not wanting to risk money on a low chance of winning, and moral objections. These reasons were underpinned by several social determinants, including individual, parental, peer and environmental factors that can interact to deter young people from underage gambling. Key protective factors were parental role modelling and guidance, friendship groups who avoided gambling, critical thinking, rational gambling beliefs, financial literacy and having other hobbies and interests.ConclusionsChoices to not gamble emanated from multiple layers of influence, implying that multi-layered interventions, aligned with a public health response, are needed to deter underage gambling. At the environmental level, better age-gating for monetary and simulated gambling, countering cultural pressures, and less exposure to promotional gambling messages, may assist young people to resist these influences. Interventions that support parents to provide appropriate role modelling and guidance for their children are also important. Youth education could include cautionary tales from people with lived experience of gambling harm, and education to increase young people’s financial literacy, ability to recognise marketing tactics, awareness of the risks and harms of gambling, and how to resist peer and other normalising gambling influences.

Identification of important features in overweight and obesity among Korean adolescents using machine learning

Overweight and obesity in adolescents have been reported as one of the most serious threats worldwide including South Korea. This study aims to investigate the complex factors contributing to overweight and obesity in Korean adolescents using various machine learning methods. The research includes a dataset of 43,268 records from the 16th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and explores 71 different factors, such as sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, health, behavior problems, family, and peer and school-related factors. Our analysis encompassed an array of algorithms, including Logistic Regression, Ridge, LASSO, Elasticnet, Decision tree, Bagging, Random forest, AdaBoost, and XGBoost. A total of nine machine learning models exhibited accuracy levels within the range of 0.7662 to 0.8403. Based on the domains and sub-domains of factors, it was determined that domains including sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, physical health, psychological health, behavioral problems, family factor, and peer and school factors were deemed important. Additionally, it is suggested that attention be given to newly-emerged features indicated by machine learning techniques, including oral health, smartphone addiction, smoking, sexual behavior, school violence, and nationality of parents. The current study's findings emphasize the critical need for collective and customized prevention programs considering multi-facet features to prevent overweight and obesity among Korean adolescents.

The Influence of Distance Learning Contracted Live Teaching Strategies on Learning Effectiveness, Learning Motivation, Self-efficacy, and Cognitive Load

<p>Distance learning lacks person-to-person interaction, which makes learning less interesting. While peer interaction can gain the support, assistance, and discussion of peer empathy, which can effectively motivate learning. This study proposes a remote peer live learning strategy, which allows learners to conduct peer learning anytime and anywhere via the Internet and uses peer-to-peer video methods to conduct peer-to-peer live teaching. Explores the influence of adding peer factors on their learning effectiveness and learning motivation. The findings of this study are as follows: (1) The learners who use peer live teaching strategy, regardless of whether they are high or low achievement, can effectively improve their learning effectiveness, learning motivation and reduce their cognition compared with those who use general distance teaching. (2) Students who utilized the peer-to-peer live teaching platform exhibited notably higher levels of technology acceptance compared to their counterparts enrolled in the conventional distance learning system.</p> <p> </p>

Exploring the Factors that Impact Access to Senior High Education among Youth in Upper Malubog, Manticao, Philippines

This research study was undertaken primarily to explore the factors that impact access to senior high education among youth in Upper Malubog, Manticao, Misamis Oriental, Philippines. It intends to give importance to education in the said community. This study used a mixed-method research design. A quantitative method is used to describe the demographics and socio-economic profile of the respondents and the factors affecting their access to senior high education. A qualitative method is also employed to dig deeper into the challenges that hinder the school in offering senior high school from the teachers’ perspectives, and the respondents’ suggestions and recommendations to improve access to senior high education. The quantitative data was collected through an interview schedule of thirty out-of-school youth, aged 16-30, while the qualitative data was collected through a key informant interview with five high school teachers of Malibato Integrated School. Based on the findings, the following implications are formulated: This study does not only focus on one factor, but five different factors which are the school and environmental, economic, family-related, peer, and personal factor. Youth’s access to senior high education was impacted by these mentioned factors, however, they were most affected by economic and school, and environmental factors.

Adolescents Spending Time with Their Parents: Does It Matter?

The current study aims to explore the relevance of ‘time spent with parents’ for different risk behaviors (i.e., alcohol use, smoking, gambling and problematic social media use), peer factors (i.e., time spent with peers, peer pressure and peer support) and parenting behaviors (i.e., control, relatedness and family support). A cross-sectional design was employed, including 2165 adolescents aged from 12 to 18 years (Mage = 14.7, SD = 1.33; 52% girls; 30% in pre-vocational education). Independent sample t-tests were performed to compare different contrasting groups (≤1 h vs. >1 h; ≤2 h vs. >2 h; ≤3 h and >3 h) for relevant outcomes. Results. Adolescents spending on average >1 h per day with their parents in joint activities reported lower levels of risk behavior, less peer pressure, more peer support and more parental control, relatedness and family support. At the same time, this does not seem to come at the expense of spending time with peers, as adolescents spending 1 h or more with their parents did not spend less time with their peers. All the findings point at the relevance of parents spending time and undertaking joint activities with their adolescent children.

It’s time for change: inequities and determinants of health-related quality of life among gender and sexually diverse young people in Australia

PurposeThis study was guided by three research aims: firstly, to examine the longitudinal trends of health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) among gender and sexuality diverse (LGBTQA2S+) young people through adolescence (ages 14–19); secondly, to assess longitudinal associations between poor mental health and HR-QoL among LGBTQA2S+ young people through adolescence; and thirdly, to examine differences in HR-QoL among LGBTQA2S+ young people during early adolescence (ages 14 and 15) depending on select school-, peer-, and parent-level factors.MethodsThis study used three of nine available waves of data from a large population-level, probability sample-based, longitudinal cohort study, namely the K′ cohort: children aged 4–5 years old at time of study enrolment followed-up biennially (~ 61% retention rate). HR-QoL weighted means and standard deviations were calculated using Child Health Utility 9D (CHU-9D) scores for LGBTQA2S+ participants at ages 14 and 15 (Wave 6), ages 16 and 17 (Wave 7), and ages 18 and 19 (Wave 8). To strategically identify policy-relevant modifiable behavioural factors suitable for prevention and early intervention, non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank tests tested differences in mean CHU-9D ranks at ages 14 and 15 (Wave 6) between groups (gender identity: trans vs. cis; identity-level sexuality: gay, lesbian, bisexual, or other diverse sexuality vs. heterosexual; group-level sexuality: sexually diverse vs. not sexually diverse) and selected school factors (school acceptance, belonging, freedom of expression), peer factors (peer relationship quality, trust, respect), and family factors (parental acceptance, understanding, trust), with Hedge’s g correction statistics computed for effect sizes. Longitudinal associations between gender, sexuality, and poor mental health (depressive symptoms, anxiety, symptoms, self-harm thoughts/behaviour, and suicidal thoughts/behaviour) and HR-QoL were tested using mixed-effects models with random intercepts and random slopes for nested clustering (participants within postcodes).ResultsHR-QoL disparities disproportionately affecting LGBTQA2S+ groups relative to their cisgender, heterosexual peers, were well-established by age 14 to 15 relatively steeper reductions in HR-QoL were observed throughout adolescence among all LGBTQA2S+ groups, with HR-QoL widening the most for trans participants. Poor mental health was significantly associated with HR-QoL declines. LGBTQA2S+ participants with positive school- and parent factors related to feelings of acceptance, belonging, and freedom of self-expression, reported significantly higher HR-QoL during early adolescence.ConclusionEvidence-based public health policy responses are required to address the dire HR-QoL inequities among LGBTQA2S+ young people, particularly trans young people. Prioritising the promotion of school- and family-based interventions which foster LGBTQA2S+ inclusivity, acceptance, and a sense of belonging from early adolescence through young adulthood, represents a feasible, evidence-based, and cost-effective response to address these HR-QoL disparities

FACTORS THAT HINDER ENGLISH SPEAKING DEVELOPMENT IN MIA ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that are causing difficulties for female students in grades 1-3 of Ibnu Khaldun MIA Islamic Middle School in Banda Aceh, in learning to speak English. The study involved 48 students, and a Likert-Scale questionnaire consisting of 16 statement items was used as the research tool. The questionnaire assessed personal, peer, teacher, and facility factors. The results showed that the facility factor is the biggest hurdle to learning English speaking skills, followed by peer-related, self-related, and teacher-related factors. The students expressed their dissatisfaction with the lack of facilities to watch videos and other digital learning materials. Additionally, they reported that their peers do not respond in English when they try to speak in English to them and laugh at them for using English. Furthermore, the factors of fear and the lack of vocabulary were also identified as significant self-related factors that hinder successful English-speaking learning. Lastly, the teacher's permission for the students to speak in the Indonesian language and their limited use of English in their interaction with the students are also reported as important roles in restricting the students’ English-speaking development.

Kepatuhan Pasien pada Program Therapeutic Community

This research aims to determine the factors that influence the compliance of drug abuse patients in participating in therapeutic community programs at social drug rehabilitation institutions. This research is a systematic journal using the preferred item reporting method for systematic and meta-analysis (PRISMA) from online databases. Therapeutic community programs in social drug rehabilitation institutions do not all run smoothly, so it is necessary to know the factors that influence the compliance of patients who are victims of drug abuse in participating in therapeutic community programs in social drug rehabilitation institutions. The results of this research show that the factors that influence patient compliance in participating in a therapeutic community program include family factors, a counselor's skills in interacting with counselors, economic factors, peer factors, environmental factors including social support, social relationships and social interactions. The conclusion of this research is that there are factors that influence patient compliance in participating in the therapeutic community program in social drug rehabilitation. Keyword: Adherence, Drug Abuse, Therapeutic Community

Peer Influence and Factors Associated with Personal Network Size of Underage Drinkers Recruited Through Respondent-driven Sampling in Dibrugarh District of Assam, India

Personal networks significantly contributed to initiating risky behaviours among emerging youth. The study aimed to assess the personal network characteristics and factors associated with the personal network size of underage alcohol users. 200 underage drinkers were recruited through respondent-driven sampling in Dibrugarh, Assam using five seeds. Transition probability matrices and homophily indices were used to describe underage drinkers’ network characteristics and network patterns. The weighted logistic regression model was performed to observe the association. Personal network size differed significantly with respect to demographic profile and alcohol consumption patterns of the respondents. A higher proportion of participants used cannabis (77.0%), drank for more than 3 years (40.7%) and liked to drink with peers (51.1%). The affiliation pattern of educational status shows a trend of homophily and interaction between new and older underage drinkers. Students (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.32, 7.62) who like to drink with peers (OR 3.45, 95% CI 1.24, 9.62) were found significantly associated with larger personal network size in weighted multiple binary logistic regression. The findings will be helpful to understand the network pattern of underage drinkers. The study highlighted the need for effective prevention and intervention programmes for this population and suggested further research in this area.