Peel Angle Research Articles

Experimental study on the mixed mode debonding by using a modified CFRP-to-steel double strap joint

The bond response of CFRP-to-steel joints in mixed mode-I/ΙΙ is a big concern since the loads consistent with mode-I may decrease the shear load capacity of the joints. For this motive, the current work introduces a modified CFRP-to-steel double strap bonded joint in which different initial peeling angles can be created. The specimens were monotonically loaded with a tensile machine until failure that subjected the CFRP-to-steel joint to a pull-pull condition. Although the specimens were geometrically symmetric throughout their length, the results showed that the initial debonding only occurred on one side of the two bonded CFRP strips. The side that initially debonded showed an interfacial failure between the CFRP strip and the adhesive, while the other side showed a CFRP delamination. The increase of the peeling angle significantly affected the initial shear load capacity, which decreased from the baseline 0° by 50% and 70% when 2° and 3° were adopted, respectively. Moreover, a peeling angle of 4º was found to be the critical peeling angle for the adopted CFRP-to-steel joints, i.e. the angle beyond which the specimens debond when subjected to pure mode-I loading even before any loads consistent with pure mode-II were applied to the bonded joints. The initial debonding induced a quick increase in the global slip and lower stiffness in the load-slip relationship. For the bonded region near the CFRP-loaded end, the maximum bond shear stress decreased from 20 to 7.5 MPa when the initial peeling angle varied from 0º-3º. To represent these effects on the local bond behavior, a new nonlinear bond-slip relationship is proposed and adjusted with the Integrate Absolute Errors (IAE) to the experimental results, which was achieved with IAE values lower than 4%. The results show, therefore, a high precision and versatility of the model to locally represent the bond behavior of the present CFRP-to-steel joints with different initial peeling angles.

Design and application of a flexible fabric transfer manipulator

ABSTRACT The pick-up and transfer of easily deformable multi-layer fabrics is a challenge in the automation process of the textile industry. A transfer manipulator using interfacial adhesion forces has potential applications in the pick-up and transfer of fabrics. However, rapid adhesion and detachment cannot be achieved because of the small variability of adhesion and detachment forces between the fabric and the adhering material, which results in difficulty of picking and placing of fabric. To address this problem, in this study, an innovative pressure and strip manipulator structure is designed, utilizing the fabric gesture presented during the fabric peeling process to adjust the peel angle, and thereafter affect the adhesion force. The factors affecting the adhesion force, such as peeling speed, duration, and preload are analyzed, and a control method to regulate the adhesion force by peeling speed and the gap between the adhesion element and positioning block is proposed. Based on the interface adhesion force, the transfer manipulator can realize low-cost, high-stability, and high-efficiency fabric picking, which has good prospects for application in fabric production.

Harnessing strong and asymmetric adhesion by combining film heterogeneity and substrate morphology

We use a combined theoretical and experimental approach to investigate the quasi-static peeling behaviors of heterogeneous films from corrugated substrates. The heterogeneity is involved in films through two different methods, i.e., local stiffening and kirigami patterning, and the substrate surface is assumed to adopt a sinusoidal profile. Our results show that the spatial variation in film's bending stiffness, caused by the elastic heterogeneity with period form, can significantly enhance the peak peel force and give rise to asymmetric adhesion performance. The substrate's roughness can further amplify such adhesion enhancement and asymmetry by affecting the local peel angle at the peel front. The adhesion performance depends sensitively on the relative position between the heterogeneous films and corrugated substrates, and our results show that a combination of film heterogeneity and substrate undulation can enhance the adhesive strength by more than 100 times, compared with the case of homogeneous film and flat substrate. This study provides a theoretical framework to reveal multiple peeling mechanisms in the problem and can guide the design of film-substrate systems with tunable and anisotropic adhesion.

Adhesives for medical application - Peel strength testing and evaluation of biophysical skin response

BackgroundMedical adhesives are commonly used for securing wound dressings and medical devices used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Mechanical irritation of skin due to adhesive stripping and repeated application can lead to discomfort and device removal. This study aims to examine the peel strength and skin response to different medical adhesives in a cohort of healthy volunteers. MethodTwelve healthy participants were recruited for peel strength testing of three candidate adhesive tapes, and evaluation of the skin response after adhesive removal. A modified ASTM D903 peel strength testing was performed at 180° peeling angle and a rate of 300 mm/min on the forehead, upper back and forearm skin. A longitudinal study was conducted on the forearm and back, with the adhesive samples left in-situ for up to 60 h for analysis of repeat application. The effects of two skin preparation approaches (water and alcohol cleaning) prior to adhesive application were also assessed. Skin biophysical properties were assessed at baseline and at various timepoints following adhesive removal using transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema and hydration. ResultsPeel strength reduced uniformly with repeat application over prolonged periods for all the adhesive samples tested. Skin preparation with water and alcohol cleansing prior to adhesive application increased peel strength at both the back (1.1% and 2.9%), and forearm (21.3% and 20%) sites. There was statistically significant increase from baseline to post-tape application for TEWL, skin redness and hydration (p < 0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between adhesive types (TEWL: p = 0.38, SR: p = 0.53, HY: p = 0.46). TEWL increased the most post-adhesion across all test sites and adhesive samples with repeat application (p < 0.05). Two-way ANOVA tests revealed no statistically significant interactions between the effects of application duration and adhesive on skin redness or TEWL for both the back and forearm sites (p > 0.05), though a significant interaction was indicted for hydration at the back site (p = 0.01). ConclusionThis study revealed that site and duration of adhesive application effected peel strength. The corresponding changes in skin properties identified that skin barrier function was disrupted with long-term application of adhesives. The back site was identified to be most reliable for adhesion testing and skin response assessment for future work.

A Real-Time Supervisory Control Strategy for Roll-to-Roll Dry Transfer of 2D Materials and Printed Electronics

With the advancement of manufacturing technology in transfer printing and two-dimensional materials fabrication, roll-to-roll (R2R) dry transfer by mechanical peeling is becoming a promising process for efficient transfer of thin film materials from a donor substrate to a target substrate for device fabrication. As a key process variable, the peeling angle determines the loading condition of the R2R dry transfer process and thus the quality of the transferred material. Controlling the peeling angle is challenging in a R2R process because of the adhesion energy and peeling front velocity in addition to the flexible substrates involved in the peeling process. In this article, a real-time supervisory control strategy is developed for the R2R mechanical peeling process. A strain energy-based peeling process model is employed to estimate the peeling front velocity and the adhesion energy. The real-time estimation is then used to generate reference signals for web tension controllers to track the desired peeling angles. The proposed control strategy is demonstrated with both simulation and experimental results.

MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF THE NEARSHORE SEABED DUE TO OFFSHORE PRECONDITIONING FEATURES

Nearshore submerged structures for coastal protection are being applied in increasing numbers worldwide, with Multi-Purpose Reefs (MPR’s) also becoming a favoured approach. MPR’s look to combine coastal protection through the dissipation of wave energy offshore and a consequent increased beach width, marine habitat/ecological enhancement, and public amenity (e.g., diving, snorkelling, surfing, etc.). However, while there have been improvements in performance with respect to the addition of surfing amenity by using traditional construction methods (e.g., large rock such as used to construct the MPRs in Borth, Wales and Palm Beach, Australia), there are still issues of high design tolerances and challenging construction conditions close to the beach on exposed coasts. This work continues research regarding offshore preconditioning features; the companion manuscript to this work takes an iterative design approach to establish the relationships between preconditioning features and surf zone response using the parameters of peel angle as a proxy for surfing wave quality (Atkin et al., 2019). This work adds to the literature base of our theoretical understanding of the integration of coastal protection and surfing amenity.

Coupled Excitation Strategy for Crack Initiation at the Adhesive Interface of Large-Sized Ultra-Thin Chips

The initial excitation of interface crack of large-size ultra-thin chips is one of the most complicated technical challenges. To address this issue, the reversible fracture characteristics of a silicon-based chip (chip size: 1.025 mm × 0.4 mm × 0.15 mm) adhesive layer interface was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests, and the characteristics of a cohesive zone model (CZM) unit were obtained through peel testing. The fitting curve of the elastic bilinear model was in high agreement with the experimental data, with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. The maximum energy release rate required for stripping was GC = 10.3567 N/m. Subsequently, a cohesive mechanical model of large-size ultra-thin chip peeling was established, and the mechanical characteristics of crack initial excitation were analyzed. The findings revealed that the larger deflection peeling angle in the peeling process resulted in a smaller peeling force and energy release rate (ERR), which made the initial crack formation difficult. To mitigate this, a coupling control method of structure and force surface was proposed. In this method, through structural coupling, the change in chip deflection was greatly reduced through the surface coupling force, and the peeling angle was greatly improved. It changed the local stiffness of the laminated structure, made the action point of fracture force migrate from the center of the chip to near the edge of the chip, the peeling angle was increased, and the energy release rate was locally improved. Finally, combined with mechanical analysis and numerical simulation of the peeling process, the mechanical characteristics of peeling were analyzed in detail. The results indicated that during the initial crack germination process, the ERR of the peel interface is significantly increased, the maximum stress value borne by the chip is significantly reduced, and the peel safety and reliability are greatly improved.

Biomechanics of a Plant-Derived Sealant for Corneal Injuries.

The corneal epithelium has a glycocalyx composed of membrane-associated glycoproteins, mucins, and galactin-3. Similar to the glycocalyx in visceral tissues, the corneal glycocalyx functions to limit fluid loss and minimize frictional forces. Recently, the plant-derived heteropolysaccharide pectin has been shown to physically entangle with the visceral organ glycocalyx. The ability of pectin to entangle with the corneal epithelium is unknown. To explore the potential role of pectin as a corneal bioadhesive, we assessed the adhesive characteristics of pectin films in a bovine globe model. Pectin film was flexible, translucent, and low profile (80 µm thick). Molded in tape form, pectin films were significantly more adherent to the bovine cornea than control biopolymers of nanocellulose fibers, sodium hyaluronate, and carboxymethyl cellulose (P < 0.05). Adhesion strength was near maximal within seconds of contact. Compatible with wound closure under tension, the relative adhesion strength was greatest at a peel angle less than 45 degrees. The corneal incisions sealed with pectin film were resistant to anterior chamber pressure fluctuations ranging from negative 51.3 ± 8.9 mm Hg to positive 214 ± 68.6 mm Hg. Consistent with these findings, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a low-profile film densely adherent to the bovine cornea. Finally, the adhesion of the pectin films facilitated the en face harvest of the corneal epithelium without physical dissection or enzymatic digestion. We conclude that pectin films strongly adhere to the corneal glycocalyx. The plant-derived pectin biopolymer provides potential utility for corneal wound healing as well as targeted drug delivery.

Numerical simulation of mechanical properties of epiretinal membrane peeling

An epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a fibrocellular proliferation on the inner surface of the retina causing blurred and distorted central vision. Surgery is the only effective method for ERM removal. This paper investigated the mechanical properties of ERM peeling using the finite element (FE) method. A FE model of ERM formation on the retina surface was constructed. The failure criterion was applied to the attachment pegs to represent the adhesive force between the ERM and retina. The simulation results were consistent with the experimental data in published research. The maximum peeling force was 4.1 mN at a peeling velocity of 2 mm/s and an angle of 30°. The peeling force was minimum at the peeling angle of 45° and increased with the increase in peeling velocity and Young’s modulus of the membrane. The outcome of this paper can improve the safety and efficiency of ERM removal.

Experimental study on mixed mode-I & II bond behavior of CFRP-to-steel joints with a ductile adhesive

Utilizing ductile adhesive on CFRP-reinforced steel structures makes the bonded interface with good resistance to dynamic and fatigue loading, which is suitable for the rehabilitation of steel bridges. Currently, considerable studies on the aspect of the CFRP–steel interface are focused only on mode-II loading, ignoring the effects of mode-I loading which could lead to a catastrophic collapse of the retrofitted structures. In the present paper, modified CFRP-to-steel bonded double overlapped joints with various initial peeling angles (θ) were manufactured in order to consider mode-I loading and study the bond behavior of CFRP-to-steel joints under mixed mode-I&II loading. The results showed that the bonded side with weaker adhesion between CFRP and adhesive debonded first and presented a CFRP-adhesive interfacial debonding mode, while the debonding of the other side was delayed and showed a cohesive failure mode in the adhesive. The bond shear stress vs. slip relationship of the debonded side showed to have a bi-linear trend in which the bond strength and interfacial fracture energy were low whilst the other side showed a trapezoidal relationship with a constant plastic plateau and with higher interfacial fracture energy. It was found that sudden debonding caused a quick propagation in the CFRP strain as well as on the global interfacial slip of the joints. It was also found that the peeling angle had significantly deteriorated the local bond response in mode-II, i.e. the trapezoidal bond shear stress vs. slip relationship in the joints with θ=0° shifted to a bi-linear relationship in the joints with θ=1°, θ=2° and with θ=3° in which the bond strength, slip and fracture energy, all decreased very much. Moreover, with θ=4° was experimentally determined as the threshold angle from which the associated mode-I loading can, per se, separate the CFRP from steel.

Effects of Flexural Rigidity on Soft Actuators via Adhering to Large Cylinders

This study proposes a soft pneumatic actuator with adhesion (SPAA) consisting of a top fluidic-driven elastic actuator and four bottom adhesive pads for adhering to large cylinders. Finite element models were developed to investigate the bending properties under positive air pressure and the effect of “rib” height on the flexural rigidity of the SPAA. A synchronous testing platform for the adhesive contact state and mechanics was developed, and the bending curvature and flexural rigidity of the SPAA were experimentally measured relative to the pressure and “rib” height, respectively, including the adhesion performance of the SPAA with different rigidities on large cylinders. The obtained results indicate that the SPAA can continuously bend with controllable curvature under positive air pressure and can actively envelop a wide range of cylinders of different curvatures. The increase in the “rib” height from 4 to 8 mm increases the flexural rigidity of the SPAA by approximately 230%, contributing to an average increase of 54% in the adhesion performance of the SPAA adhering to large cylinders. The adhesion performance increases more significantly with an increase in the flexural rigidity at a smaller peeling angle. SPAA has a better adhesion performance on large cylinders than most existing soft adhesive actuators, implying that is more stable and less affected by the curvature of cylinders. To address the low contact ratio of the SPAA during adhesion, the optimization designs of the rigid–flexible coupling hierarchical and differentiated AP structures were proposed to increase the contact ratio to more than 80% in the simulation. In conclusion, this study improved the adhesion performance of soft adhesive actuators on large cylinders and extended the application scope of adhesion technology. SPAA is a basic adhesive unit with a universal structure and large aspect ratio similar to that of the human finger. According to working conditions requirements, SPAAs can be assembled to a multi-finger flexible adhesive gripper with excellent maneuverability.

Three-dimensional numerical investigation of mixed-mode debonding of FRP-concrete interface using a cohesive zone model

• A 3D mixed-mode cohesive zone model of the FRP-concrete interface is proposed. • The mixed-mode damage factor based on the exponential softening relationship is clearly expressed. • The friction in the interface is considered independently by considering the interface sliding. • The simulation results fit well with the experimental ones in different validation cases. • The shear-peeling debonding behavior of the interface with different peeling angles is analyzed particularly. As a low-cost high-performance method for concrete structural reinforcement and repair, the external bonding (EB) of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) laminates has gradually become popular. But these FRP-reinforced structures usually fail prematurely due to the interfacial debonding. Thus, the mixed-mode debonding behavior of the FRP-concrete interface by a 3D cohesive zone model (CZM) will be analyzed in this study. The 3D CZM provided a detailed description of interfacial damage propagation and friction-sliding evolution during the whole debonding process. Based on the program coding which implements the proposed CZM, numerical models will be built according to the previous experiments. By comparison, the numerical and experimental results showed a good agreement. Besides, the key parameters, which include peeling angle, strength ratio, energy ratio, and friction coefficient, will also be investigated to assess their effect on the interfacial bond capacity.

Peeling angle effect on soft adhesive: Mixed-mode CZM considering fibrillation

Soft adhesive has gained broad application in flexible electronics and biomedicine. Because the soft adhesive layer is frequently subjected to peeling load, it is critical to investigate the mixed-mode effect on the cohesive failure of the soft adhesive layer. In this paper, a mixed-mode CZM considering the fibrillation as well as the shear flow of the soft adhesive layer has been proposed, and shows a better agreement on the experimental data compared to the bilinear CZM. The complex evolution of the mode-mixity with the peeling angle, which is difficult to be experimentally investigated, can also be well characterized. The soft adhesive layer exhibits the mode-I dominating failure at the large peeling angle due to the significant fibrillation, indicating that its adhesive performance can be well correlated with that under the probe-tack test. The mixed-mode effect has a significant impact on the adhesive performance of the soft adhesive layer at the small peeling angles, and the mode-mixity varies dramatically with the peeling angle. The parametric study reveals that the failure mode of the soft adhesive layer can be changed with the material properties. When compared to the material property of the soft adhesive layer, decreasing the adherend stiffness results in a considerable change in the cohesive failure mode from mode-I failure to mixed-mode failure. The proposed CZM is a promising approach for describing the mixed-mode cohesive failure of the soft adhesive layer during the peeling test.

A finite element framework for the simulation of bio-inspired adhesives with mushroom-shaped microstructures

This work proposes a finite element procedure for the simulation of biologically inspired adhesives with a mushroom-shaped patterned surface by formulating a novel interface finite element. The proposed computational method can capture the attachment and detachment mechanisms without modeling the microstructures on the surface in detail, which is the major issue of large-scale simulations involving complex surfaces. A data-driven phenomenological interface constitutive law has been formulated starting from pull-out experimental tests on patterned surfaces with different inclination angles to assess Mode Mixity effects in a range of peeling angles of relevance for applications. The proposed computational model represents a versatile tool for modeling structural problems involving arbitrary shape components, as in bio-inspired adhesives.

A linear cohesive model of zero degree peeling of a viscoelastic tape from a substrate

Peeling in viscoelastic materials has been studied experimentally for many years mostly at 90 or 180 degrees angle, and typically the classical Rivlin energy balance equation is used to obtain a velocity-dependent work of fracture. The latter has been shown to be the product of an angular term and a velocity-dependent term, but there is no simple model to explain this behaviour: attempts have been made to generalize the Kendall elastic equation to viscoelasticity, but they lead to no velocity dependence (and infinite load) with frictional dissipation at zero angles, and in general at large angles. In the present model, we consider the original Kendall’s “sticking conditions,” for which a linear cohesive model is formulated for the viscoelastic tape as being on an elastic foundation, and peeling velocity is found to be proportional to the cubic power of the force for Maxwell material, or standard material with a large ratio between instantaneous and relaxed moduli. An explicit closed-form solution to this problem is first derived in this work. Experimental results on zero peel angle are scarce, and may be affected by the finite length of adhered and unadhered parts: hence, a complete picture of peeling behaviour at zero angles is elusive.

Generalized characteristics of peel tests independent of peel angle and tape thickness

The peel tests of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) tapes were conducted to clarify the effect of the peel velocity, peel angle, and tape thickness. We focused on the viscoelastic deformation of the PSA layer and its relationship with the adhesion energy. It was found that, at a sufficiently low strain rate of the PSA layer, the adhesion energy has a threshold value of debonding. In addition, the increase of adhesion energy from the threshold value is proportional to the maximum stretch of the PSA layer and follows a power law relationship with the strain rate. The general relationship between the adhesion energy and the strain of PSA layer, independent from the peel angle and tape thickness, was established.

Effects of loading and unloading control parameters on adhesive performance for biomimetic controllable adhesive with wedge-shaped microstructures

The adhesive performance of biomimetic controllable adhesive based on wedge-shaped microstructures is affected by some relevant control parameters in the process of loading and unloading. An appropriate selection of these control parameters is of great significance for its effective application. However, little research has concentratively and comprehensively explored these control parameters. In order to make up for the shortcoming, this study systematically explored the macroscopic adhesive performance of the self-developed wedge-shaped microstructures under different loading and unloading control parameters. The results show that preloading depth and tangential dragging distance have a positive effect on the adhesive performance, while preloading angle and peeling angle have a negative effect on the adhesive performance. Specifically, a low preloading angle can weaken the normal preloading force under the same preloading depth, thereby improving the preloading benefit; the application of tangential dragging distance can also induce the normal preloading force generated in the preloading stage to change the adhesion, so as to stimulate more adhesion. Based on the interactive analysis of these control parameters, it can be sure that applying a moderate normal preloading force and a larger tangential dragging distance to the wedge-shaped microstructures at low preloading angle not only makes the wedge-shaped microstructures possess better adhesive capacity, but also can obtain a good preloading benefit. In addition, the promotion effect of a low peeling angle on the adhesive performance also implies that a higher peeling angle should be used to realize the easy detachment of the adhesive interface. The first concentrative and comprehensive investigation of the relevant control parameters of wedge-shaped microstructures lays the foundation for designing a climbing robot or adhesive gripper based on the wedge-shaped microstructures, and also provides guidance for formulating the corresponding control strategies.

Experimental and Numerical Peeling Investigation on Aged Multi-Layer Anti-Shatter Safety Films (ASFs) for Structural Glass Retrofit

Anti-shatter safety films (ASFs) are often used for structural glass applications. The goal is to improve the response of monolithic elements and prevent fragments from shattering. Thus, the main reason behind their use is the possibility to upgrade safety levels against the brittle failure of glass and minimize the number of possible injuries. However, the impact response of glass elements bonded with Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-films and pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) still represents a research topic of open discussion. Major challenges derive from material characterization and asymmetrical variability under design loads and ageing. In particular, the measurement of interface mechanical characteristics for the adhesive layer in contact with glass is a primary parameter for the ASF choice optimization. For this reason, the present paper presents an experimental campaign aimed at calibrating some basic mechanical parameters that provide the characterization of constitutive models, such as tensile properties (yielding stress and Young modulus) for PET-film and adhesive properties for PSA (energy fracture and peel force). In doing so, both tensile tests for PET-films and peeling specimens are taken into account for a commercially available ASF, given that the peeling test protocol is one of most common methods for the definition of adhesion properties. Moreover, an extensive calibration of the Finite Element (FE) model is performed in order to conduct a parametric numerical analysis of ASF bonded glass solutions. Furthermore, a Kinloch approach typically used to determine the fracture energy of a given tape by considering a variable peel angle, is also adopted to compare the outcomes of calibration analyses and FE investigations on the tested specimens. Finally, a study of the effect of multiple aspects is also presented. The results of the experimental program and the following considerations confirm the rate dependence and ageing dependence in peel tests.

Critical peeling of tethered nanoribbons.

The peeling of an immobile adsorbed membrane is a well-known problem in engineering and macroscopic tribology. In the classic setup, picking up at one extreme and pulling off result in a peeling force that is a decreasing function of the pickup angle. As one end is lifted, the detachment front retracts to meet the immobile tail. At the nanoscale, interesting situations arise with the peeling of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) on gold, as realized, e.g., by atomic force microscopy. The nanosized system shows a constant-force steady peeling regime, where the tip lifting h produces no retraction of the ribbon detachment point, and just an advancement h of the free tail end. This is opposite to the classic case, where the detachment point retracts and the tail end stands still. Here we characterise, by analytical modeling and numerical simulations, a third, experimentally relevant setup where the nanoribbon, albeit structurally lubric, does not have a freely moving tail end, which is instead elastically tethered. Surprisingly, novel nontrivial scaling exponents appear that regulate the peeling evolution. As the detachment front retracts and the tethered tail is stretched, power laws of h characterize the shrinking of the adhered length, the growth of peeling force and the peeling angle. These exponents precede the final total detachment as a critical point, where the entire ribbon eventually hangs suspended between the tip and the tethering spring. These analytical predictions are confirmed by realistic MD simulations, retaining the full atomistic description, also confirming their survival at finite experimental temperatures.

H∞ Optimal Control for Maintaining the R2R Peeling Front

Dry transfer using Roll-to-Roll (R2R) mechanical peeling could significantly increase the throughput and efficiency of the production of 2D materials such as graphene and flexible electronics. Currently, such a R2R process does not exist in industry. For this dry transfer R2R process to be practical for industrial applications, the peeling angle between the growth substrate and the functional material needs to be precisely controlled. In this paper, a nonlinear state space representation of the R2R dry peeling process is formulated with the peeling front velocity variation as a disturbance input. This state space model is used to construct a linear parameter varying (LPV) representation of the system, and a methodology on how to bound the LPV representation within a convex polytopic linear differential inclusion (PLDI) set is presented. This PLDI representation is then used in a linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization framework to design a full state feedback controller that minimizes the H∞ gain of the connection between the adhesion energy variation and the peeling front geometry. Simulation results demonstrate that this controller improves the precision of the R2R peeling angle, and this increase in precision enables higher web speed. Thus, this technique can be an enabling tool for making R2R mechanical peeling dry transfer of 2D materials a reality in industrial settings.