Peeling Off Research Articles

Dose-Independent Transfection of Hydrophobized Polyplexes.

Cationic polymers dynamically complex DNA into complexes (polyplexes). So, upon dilution, polyplexes easily dissociate and lose transfection ability, limiting their in vivo systemic gene delivery. Herein, it is found that polyplex's stability and endocytosis pathway determine its transfection dose-dependence. The polyplexes of hydrophilic polycations have dose-dependent integrity and lysosome-trafficking endocytosis; at low doses, most of these polyplexes dissociate, and the remaining few are internalized and trapped in lysosomes, abolishing their transfection ability. In contrast, the polyplexes of the polycations with optimal hydrophobicity remain integrated even at low concentrations and enter cells via macropinocytosis directly into the cytosol evading lysosomes, so each polyplex can accomplish its infection process, leading to dose-independent DNA transfection like viral vectors. Furthermore, the tuned hydrophobicity balancing the affinity of anionic poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) to the polyplex surface enables γ-PGA to stick on the polyplex surface as a shielding layer but peel off on the cell membrane to release the naked polyplexes for dose-independent transfection. These findings may provide guidelines for developing polyplexes that mimick a viral vector's dose-independent transfection for effective in vivo gene delivery.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN MASKER GEL Peel-off EKSTRAK DAUN KECOMBRANG (Etlingera elatior) SEBAGAI PERAWATAN PADA KULIT WAJAH

Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) leaves contain flavonoid compounds, saponins, alkoloid, and tannins. Based on the compounds owned kecombrang leaves can be used as a peel off gel mask. The purpose of this study was to make a peel off gel mask formulation of kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) leaf extract as a treatment for facial skin. The gel peel off mask formulation was made with 4 formulations, F0 = 0%, FI = 10%, FII = 15%, FIII = 20%. Extraction method is done using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Evaluation of peel off gel mask preparations, including organoleptic tests (color, odor, shape), pH measurement of preparations, homogeneity test, dry time test, spreadability test. Peel off gel mask preparations that have effectiveness as treatments for facial skin are FIII formulations with a concentration of 15% that meet the evaluation test requirements, and positive control (Naturgo) which has had better effectiveness test results. The results of the evaluation test of peel off gel mask preparation, including organoleptic test (color, odor, shape), pH measurement of the preparation, homogeneity test, dry time test, dispersion test according to the gel preparation parameters.

Using a nickel electroplating deposition for strengthening microelectrochemical machining electrode insulation

This study focused on reducing the peeling phenomenon of electrode insulation layers during electrochemical microgroove machining. An epoxy resin insulation layer was applied to the electrode surface, and the tip of the electrode was ground to reveal bare metal for target machining. During electrochemical machining, the durability of insulation under various potentials and processing times were studied. Typically, a large number of hydrogen bubbles are generated at the exposed part of the electrode during processing. These bubbles increase the peeling speed of the insulation and reduce its service life. Therefore, this study proposed the use of electroplating deposition to form an electroplated layer on the exposed part of the electrode. The deposition rate of the electroplated layer and coating state of the electroplated layer at the tip of the electrode were studied. The withstand voltage test was performed under various electrochemical machining parameters to study the insulation and peeling effects. The surface morphology of microgrooves produced through electrochemical microgroove processing with and without an electroplated electrode was compared. The comparison revealed that the uniformity of the microgrooves processed by the electroplated electrode was better and the insulation of the electrode had lower cracked area than those produced without the electroplated electrode. The electrode was tested before and after processing to verify the protective effect of the coated layer. The result revealed that the electrode with a 0.5 mm thickness exhibited the slowest cracking rate, and the electrode with the electroplating time of 4 h exhibited the most efficient protective effect. Thus, the electroplated layer can effectively protect the insulation and prevent it from peeling off during the process, which increases its service life.

Characteristics of mangosteen rind peel off gel mask with various concentrations

Judul: Karakteristik masker gel peel off kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dengan berbagai konsentrasi Title: Characteristics of mangosteen rind peel-off gel mask (Garcinia mangostana L.) with various concentrations Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki buah berwarna merah keunguan yang terdiri atas daging buah dan kulit buah. Kulit buah mengandung senyawa antioksidan yang diperlukan dalam peremajaan kulit wajah pada produk kosmetik seperti masker gel peel-off. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi terbaik ekstrak kulit buah manggis untuk masker gel peel-off. Penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu pembuatan ekstrak kulit buah manggis dan masker gel peel off. Kulit buah manggis yang berbentuk serbuk direndam dalam larutan etanol 96% dengan perbandingan 1:5 selama 24 jam kemudian disaring. Larutan diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi kemudian diuapkan menggunakan rotary evaporator. Aktivitas antioksidan yang dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH. Masker gel peel-off terdiri atas bahan PVA (polivinil alkohol), HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), methylparaben, propylene paraben, dan propylene glycol dengan penambahan ekstrak kulit buah manggis sebesar 10g (F1), 20g (F2), dan 40g (F3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 yang didapat sebesar 7,33 ppm. Semua pengobatan memiliki pH antara 5,98-6,41 yang sesuai dengan SNI tahun 1996 untuk kulit wajah. Viskositas masker gel peel off pada semua perlakuan berkisar antara 11606-23012,5 cps dan sesuai dengan SNI tahun 1996. Waktu pengeringan masker memerlukan waktu antara 29-38 menit. Masker gel peel-off terbaik adalah perlakuan F3 dibandingkan dengan perlakuan F1 dan F2 dalam waktu lama. Penambahan ekstrak kulit buah manggis pada sediaan masker gel peel-off memiliki kemampuan antioksidan yang sangat kuat dan sesuai SNI tahun 1996 pada pH dan viskositas. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a plant that has purplish-red fruit consisting of fruit flesh and fruit skin. The fruit's skin contains antioxidant compounds needed in facial skin rejuvenation in cosmetic products such as peel-off gel masks. This study aims to determine the best concentration of mangosteen rind extract for peel-off gel masks. The research consisted of two stages: the manufacture of mangosteen rind extract and peel-off gel mask. Mangosteen rind in powder form was soaked in 96% ethanol solution in a ratio of 1:5 for 24 hours and then filtered. The solution was extracted by the maceration method and then evaporated using a rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH method. The peel-off gel mask consists of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), methylparaben, propylene paraben, and propylene glycol with the addition of mangosteen rind extract of 10g (F1), 20g (F2), and 40g (F3). The results showed that the IC50 value obtained was 7.33 ppm. All treatments had a pH between 5.98-6.41 which was following the 1996 SNI for facial skin. The viscosity of the peel-off gel mask in all treatments ranged from 11606-23012.5 cps and was following SNI 1996. The drying time of the mask took between 29-38 minutes. The best peel-off gel mask was the F3 treatment compared to the F1 and F2 treatments for a long time. The addition of mangosteen rind extract to the peel-off gel mask preparation has a powerful antioxidant ability following SNI 1996 on pH and viscosity.

Lithospheric structure beneath southern Iberia and northern Morocco constrained by 3D Kirchhoff-approximate GRT imaging

AbstractThe slab beneath the Alboran Sea is a consequence of the collision between two continents (Europe and Africa), which was initiated along the northeastern Spanish coast, experienced slab rollback and migrated to the area adjacent to the two continents. The tectonic background in this area includes episodes of collisions with adjacent continents as well as extension of those basins in the western Mediterranean. Here, we present three-dimensional (3D) Kirchhoff-approximate generalized Radon transform (GRT) images to further constrain the lithospheric structures previously identified by other researchers. The GRT images were calculated from the same P-to-S (Pds or Ps) teleseismic receiver functions (RFs) as the previous common conversion point (CCP) stacking, but the GRT data provide figures with greater resolution than the Pds RFs CCP results. This study indicates that the Alboran Slab may have completely detached from the crustal base under the western Betics Mountains and that a larger range of lithospheric ‘peeling off’ developed beneath the western part of the Betics Mountains than some previous results have claimed. The observed thin lithosphere under the Middle Atlas (MA) and eastern High Atlas (HA) may have a geodynamic relationship with lithospheric delamination under the eastern part of the Rif Mountains, which has also led to the thin lithosphere under the eastern Rif. According to the thick lithosphere under the western HA, the shallow LAB under the MA and eastern HA may have no heat-flow connection with the Canary mantle plume, as stated in several previous studies.

Introduction of Laser Pi-Grooving as Breakthrough Solution to Enhance die Strength of 40 nm ulow-k CMOS Silicon Technology during Wafer Saw Process

Nowadays, semiconductors and electronics are becoming part of our everyday activities. As the Integrated circuits become more useful to people, it also requires more function, which contain more complex and compact components. Aligned to this package requirement, the more challenging it become to package development as Silicon technology becomes more critical and complex from bare silicon to conventional MOS technology to Ultra Low-K, which requires a different strategy. The new process development in the Semiconductor industry is a necessity to cope up with these new technologies. Low-k devices always pose a big challenge in achieving good dicing quality. This is because of the weak mechanical properties of the low-k dielectric material used. Mechanical Sawing is the most popular cutting method for silicon, but with Ultra low-K technology, using mechanical sawing will lead to various sawing defects such as chippings and delamination [1,2]. These leads to the introduction of Laser Grooving to get rid of these dilemmas. Laser grooving uses heat to eradicate metals on this very thin metal wafer dicing saw streets in preparation for wafer saw process to prevent topside chippings and delamination/metal peel off [3]. These defects are not acceptable especially since the product application is a chip card. Since chip cards must be flexible and durable, they require higher die and package strength to serve its purpose. To achieve such package requirement, different method was evaluated such as standard mechanical dicing, standard Laser Grooving and the PI laser groove. 
 The paper will discuss how we were able to achieve the quality requirement for Ultra Low-K and at the same time eliminating top reject contributor during startup of this device.

Soldering Zr metallic glass to Ti alloy using pre-cladding ultrasonic processes

That increasing temperature is beneficial for solder-wetting but not for amorphous-maintaining the state causes difficulties in joining of Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG). In order to solve the contradiction, this paper presents a two-step process of pre-cladding ultrasonic soldering, in which a Zn-6Al-3Cu-20Sn solder layer was firstly vacuum-cladded on surface of a Ti-6Al-4V sample, and then a Zr-14Cu-10Ti-8Ni BMG sample was ultrasonic-soldered to the solder layer without flux. Microstructures of the Zr-14Cu-10Ti-8Ni/Zn-6Al-3Cu-20Sn/Ti-6Al-4V soldering joints were studied using optical microscope, SEM, EDS, and XRD, and shear strengths were tested. Results show that shear strength ranges from 20 to 50 MPa among the joints obtained under different soldering temperatures and ultrasonic times. Shear fracture of all the experimental ultrasonic soldered joints occurred at the interface between solder and Zr-based BMG. The fracture surface shows a mixture of solder tearing and solder peeling off from the surface of the Zr-based BMG. Pits or grooves formed on surface of Zr-based BMG by ultrasonic cavitation benefit not only chemical adhesion but also mechanical adhesion by an anchoring effect. This work confirmed that ultrasonic treatment is very effective for the soldered joint of Zr-based BMG.

Erosion corrosion of Ti and Zr in acidic metastannic acid synthesis

In synthesis of metastannic acid, erosion corrosion caused by strong acid and abrasion triggered by stannum granular both create a complex circumstance for reactor. Titanium and zirconium, as the major choices for fabricating the reactor, sustained the combined impact of corrosion and abrasion in the circumstance. While there are very few researches, focusing on the erosion corrosion of the reactor, in the synthesis of metastannic acid. The erosion corrosion behaviors of commercial reactor materials Ti (TA2) and Zr (Zr-1) were investigated in the acidic conditions (20 vol% H2SO4 or 20 vol% HNO3 solutions) according to the complex circumstance. Therefore the wear and corrosion properties were tested by weight loss method and electrochemical method separately, the corrosion situation, such as open circuit potential (OCP) and Tafel plot, of Ti and Zr were tested, the mass loss caused by corrosion and wear were quantitatively, and the surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover the corrosion abrasion situation, OCP, Tafel plot, mass loss and surface morphology, had been investigated using self-made corrosion abrasion testing device too. The results showed that in the solution of 20 vol% HNO3, the corrosion rate of Zr increased by 120 times when the solution was heated to 200 °C under corrosion condition, and the corrosion rate of Ti increased by 8 times, indicating that the corrosion resistance of Zr is easier affected by temperature, the corrosion resistance of Zr is better than Ti. Under abrasion condition, using abrasion quartz sand particles as abrasion material, the mass loss rate of Ti and Zr was 159.23 mg/(m2·h) and 252.23 mg/(m2·h). Under erosion corrosion condition, the synergistic effect of erosion corrosion of Ti and Zr exacerbated the mass loss, their mass loss rate respectively was 788.05 mg/(m2·h) and 225.4 mg/(m2·h) especially in Ti-H2SO4 and Zr-HNO3 systems. A dense oxide layer detected on the surface of Ti and Zr, could improve the corrosion resistance, but it was easy to fatigue and peel off when there was abrasion material in the solution. A erosion corrosion model of Ti and Zr were established for serve life prediction, which could provide theoretical guidance for the design of reaction in production of metastannic acid.

A carbon ink for use in thin, conductive, non peelable, amphiphilic, antioxidant, and large-area current collector coating with enhanced lithium ion battery performance

We reported that a stable carbon ink composed of conductive carbon materials (graphene and super P), binder (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)), interface active agent (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)), and metal coupling agent ((3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)) for using in coating conducting layer on cathode/anode current collector for LIBs. Graphene materials are obtained using a low-cost graphite material (KS 6) and processing it via a wet ball-milling to exfoliate single layers into the ink. The ink can be coated on the LIB current collector in a large area by a doctor blade to form a carbon layer of about 1 μm without overflow. Carbon-coated current collectors have amphiphilic properties, not peel off under extreme physical and chemical conditions, and resist oxidation under high temperature (200 °C) processing conditions. In addition, carbon-coated current collector are superior to the batteries using bare metal foil a current collectors in the LIB performance of graphite half-cell, graphite full-cell, LiFePO4 half-cell, and silicon-carbon full-cell. These results show that the carbon-coated metal foil can reduce the interface resistance with the active material and improves the adhesion of the active materials to the current collector, avoiding peeling off during charge/discharge process, thereby improving of LIBs performance. The developed method can produce high-quality, low-cost carbon material inks on a large scale through a simple and inexpensive process, and coat them evenly and finely on current collectors, making it possible to achieve efficient industrial and commercial perspectives for next-generation LIB-based current collectors.

Adhesion and damage characteristics of wheel/rail using different mineral particles as adhesion enhancers

Mineral particles are used to improve adhesion between wheel and rail, but they might lead to severe damages of wheel and rail surfaces. To investigate the adhesion enhancement phenomena and damages of both wheel and rail induced by adhesion enhancers, the crushing strengths of four types of mineral particles (zinc oxide, sand, spinel and alumina) were firstly explored on a uniaxial compression tester. Then the adhesion, wear and damage of wheel/rail were studied on a twin-disc machine under the wet condition. The results show that the characteristic crushing strength was 24 MPa for zinc oxide, 40 MPa for sand, 51 MPa for spinel and 73 MPa for alumina, respectively. For particle with the lowest crushing strength (zinc oxide), the adhesion coefficient was the lowest (around 0.20). With the increase in the crushing strength to 40 MPa, the adhesion coefficient was improved to around 0.28. The particles with higher crushing strengths induced larger wheel/rail wear rates and severer rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damages on wheel and rail. The RCF cracks were large in lengths but small in angles, which finally developed into large pieces of material peeling off from the surface. Sand was the most suitable adhesion enhancer considering its good adhesion enhancement and the relatively mild damage on wheel/rail materials.

Cavitation-assisted decontamination of yttria from graphite of different densities

Yttria coated graphite crucibles are widely used to handle molten refractory and radioactive metals like uranium and plutonium. However, the coated layer suffers damages like cracking and peeling off owing to thermal cycles. As a result, removal of the yttria layer from the graphite surface is essential to ensure reuse of the crucible and minimization of radioactive waste. The present work investigates intensified dissolution of yttria from the coated graphite samples using ultrasound as a non-destructive decontamination technique to recycle the graphite substrate. The optimum conditions established for maximum dissolution were 8 M as acid strength, frequency of 30 kHz, temperature of 45 °C and power density of 8 W cm−2 that resulted in maximum dissolution of 52% in 30 min. Use of an oxidant H2O2 to the acid, did not yield any improvement in the dissolution kinetics, instead, increased oxidation of the graphite substrate was observed, leading to the anomalous weight gain of the graphite substrate despite surface erosion. Effect of ultrasound on the dissolution was pronounced, with almost a threefold increase compared to dissolution performed under silent conditions. Rates of dissolution of yttria from the substrate of different densities and pore size distribution were also studied. The dissolution was slowest from graphite of density 1.82 g cm−3 as the pore size distribution was conducive to accommodate the yttria particles. The dissolution in nitric acid followed ash layer diffusion controlled kinetics. The study has demonstrated the efficacy of application of ultrasound for accelerated decontamination of graphite substrates.

Formulation and Evaluation of Antioxidant Peel-Off Mask Ethanol Extract Sarang Semut (Myrmecodia sp.) Using DPPH 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Method

Background: Myrmecodia sp extract is known to be effective as an antioxidant on a concentration of 5-50 ppm. Antioxidants are substances that can scavenge free radicals. Free radicals can cause skin damage. Peel off mask is a cosmetic product that function as a dead skin peel mechanically containing synthetic polymers that are quite safe and effective. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant effectiveness of the Myrmecodia sp extract. Method: The research used variations in the Myrmecodia sp extract of 2 %, 3%, and 4 %. The evaluation was carried out on the physical properties of the peel off mask and the antioxidant activity test. The antioxidant activity test used the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Statistical tests were carried out on the physical properties of the preparation and IC50 peel off mask using the one-way ANOVA test with a 95% confidence level.
 Result: Based on this research, it was found that the gel peel-off mask preparation of Myrmecodia sp. extracts has organoleptic of a bit thick, brown and odourless. The value of adhesion is between 10.33-13.04 seconds, pH 6.27-6.75, viscosity 17.00-22.67 dPas, and drying time 17.33-24.33 minutes. The test for the antioxidant activity of IC50 peel off mask at F 2, F 3 and F 4 was 49.4 ppm, 39.41 ppm and 35.25 ppm respectively. Conclusion: The peel-off gel mask of Myrmecodia sp. extracts has the potential as an antioxidant with the strong ability category.

Investigation on control in oxide scale formation and prevention of peeling off in ultra-supercritical unit

It is a common problem that oxide scale of boiler tube peels off in supercritic al unit. In recent years, many boiler tube burst accidents have been caused by oxide sc ale peeling off and blocking. Therefore, the analysis and research of oxide scale is of g reat significance. In order to control the occurrence of such accidents and reduce the ec onomic losses of thermal power plants, this paper mainly analyzes the factors influenci ng the oxide scale growth rate, peeling off condition and puts forward corresponding p revention and treatment measures.

Study of the Effect of the Film-Forming Substance on the Corrosion Resistance of Intumescent Paints

One of the simplest and most effective fire protection methods for building structures is the application of a fire retardant intumescent coating on the surface of a structure. These swelling (intumescent) type coatings are widely used today. Intumescent coatings can increase the fire resistance of polymer compositions, but they have insufficient chemical resistance, resistance to high humidity. As a result, corrosion pockets appear on the surface of the steel structure and under the coating during long-term operation, the coating peels off, and cracks appear on it, and adhesion decreases. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of a film-forming substance (binder) on the resistance of intumescent paints to the action of a corrosive atmosphere. For this, intumescent compositions with three different binders were made. The paint composition was applied with a brush to metal plates. For the experiments, samples of St 3 were used. The problem was solved, which was aimed at studying the heat-insulating properties of the studied coatings and the microhardness of metal samples under it. As the main criterion for evaluating the fire retardant properties, the heating time of the metal substrate of the sample was used. It was revealed that three paints obtained satisfactory results and can be used in industry. But epoxy binder paint got better results.

Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Sediaan Masker Gel Peel Off Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Rambutan (Nephelium Lappaceum L.) Terhadap Propionibacterium Acnes

Rambutan Leaves (Nephelium Lappaceum L.) one of the plants that contain, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins have antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes which is a bacterium that causes acne. Rambutan leaf extract can be formulated to facilitate its use, one of which is in the form of a gel such as a peel off mask. This study aims to determine the characteristics of peel off mask preparations and to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract 70% rambutan leaves (Nephelium Lappaceum L.) Peel off gel mask preparations 70% ethanol extract rambutan leaves (Nephelium Lappaceum L.) formulated into 4 formulas with a variety of extract concentrations, namely F1 (0%), F2 (10%), F3 (15%), F4 (20%). Physical evaluation tests which include: organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dry time, spreadability, adhesion, and irritation. And the antibacterial activity test was carried out against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria using the well method. The results showed that the physical evaluation was said to be good to meet the requirements. Antibacterial test results of gel peel off mask preparation of 70% ethanol extract of rambutan leaves (Nephelium Lappaceum L.) showed the existence of antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria inhibition was the best at the concentration of F4 (20%) with an average diameter of 10.03 mm. One way ANOVA analiysis result showed that there wewre significant differences in each formula group (p<0,05).

Peel Off Gel Mask containing Green Tea Leaf Extract (Camellia sinesis L) with Antioxidant Activity

Peel off mask has been very popular and preferred due to its ease in application. Gel base has been preferred for its cold and moist sensation during application. When herbal ingredients such as extract is introduced into gel formulation, the stability then will become an issue. The aim of the study was to formulate the peel-off mask gels containing green tea leaves extract (Camellia sinensis L.) which effective, stable, and safe to be used. The antioxidant study was conducted by using Diphenylhydrazylpicryl (DPPH) method. The peel-off mask gel formula were Hidroxypropyl Methylcelulosa (HPMC) as gel base at 0.5% concentration and plasticizer Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) at concentration of 12%. Evaluation of peel-off mask gel included observation on pH, viscosity, dispersing power, and drying time during the 90 days of storage at room temperature. The IC50 values of the green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) extract was 5.511 ppm. The concentration of green tea leaves extract in the preparation were 1x IC50 (F1); 2x IC50 (F2) and 3x IC50 (F3). The result showed that all preparations were stable in the aspect of consistency, color, and odor. Viscosity, drying time and dispersing power remained unchanged after 90 days of storage. The pH value changed, but still in the range of acceptable pH of topical preparations. The results of antioxidant activity study showed that formula F3 (peel-off mask gels with 3 x IC50 of green tea extracts) had the highest antioxidant activity.Keywords: antioxidant, Camellia sinensis L., peel off gel masks, green tea

Synthesis and Morphological Characterization of Electroless-Deposited Ni-P Coatings on Diamond Abrasives

Deposition of a coating on rough surfaces faces unique challenges due to the complexity of substrate morphology. In the present research, electroless deposition of a Ni-P coating was successfully deposited on diamond particles. Microtomography was conducted to study the deposition mechanisms. It revealed that the coating coverage rate on diamond particles was affected by the synergistic action of the deposition time, substrate morphology, and hypophosphite concentration. The best coverage was achieved in a solution with 0.2 mol/L hypophosphite. Two major morphological features of the coating: nodular and smooth, were influenced by the deposition parameters, coating integrity, and substrate morphology. The failure was seen in fractured and peeled off coatings. It was due to residual stress produced by the coalescing of crystallites during the deposition. This failure mechanism explains the tendency of coating fracture at three morphological features of the substrate. This work is beneficial to semiconductor manufacturing where effective cutting in chip fabrication is essential.

Masking Tape Art-Work May Provide Beneficial Positive Effects

Background: The authors and colleagues have been involved in treatment and care for the elderly with rehabilitation, Integrative Medicine (IM), art in hospitals for artworks using masking tape. Combined together, we conducted a pilot study for medical application of masking tape art-work for elderly subjects. Subjects and Methods: Subjects enrolled were 12 elderly patients with dementia regularly coming to day care center for rehabilitation (M/F 3/9, 78-100 years, 88.3±6.0 years). As methods, masking tape has been known as Washi Tape (wa=Japanese and shi=paper), which is adhesive tape easily to stick and peel off for decorative work. Protocol included i) working 2-3 times a week, ii) sticking masking tape on a rough sketch paper, iii) evaluation of several biomarkers before and after the intervention. Results: i) Artworks were performed satisfactory for each case, ii) grasping power (right) showed increasing tendency from 13.5±7.7kg to 14.8±6.8kg (p=0.11), iii) vitality test showed significantly increase (p=0.02). Discussion and Conclusion: Artworks of masking tape seem to be beneficial for improving grasping power and psychological condition. This study included other biomarkers such as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), pinch power, language word test and Barthel index. We plan to develop further detail analyses in the future research.

Fabrication of Au Nanoparticle Arrays on Flexible Substrate for Tunable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance.

In this work, Au nanoparticle (AuNP) arrays on shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) substrates serve as flexible materials for tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). AuNP arrays prepared by diblock copolymer self-assembly are transferred from rigid silicon wafers onto flexible SMPU substrates with ultrasonic treatment rather than peeling off directly. The resultant AuNP array SMPU films have excellent mechanical properties and stable thermodynamic properties. The LSPR arising from AuNP arrays is increased by negative bending on SMPU substrates, whereas the LSPR is decreased by positive bending. Besides, upon uniaxial tension, the vertical LSPR is increased first then decreased, whereas the parallel LSPR is similar, resulting in the overall LSPR of AuNP arrays being increased first and then decreased with the mechanical uniaxial tension of SMPU. Moreover, the resultant AuNP array SMPU films exhibit excellent flexibility, stability, and homogeneity in practical surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) application. This approach of incorporating AuNP arrays on SMPU substrates for tuning plasmonic properties have great potential applications in SERS, fluorescence enhancement, and newly optoelectronic materials.

Laser-induced layers peeling of sputtering coatings at 1064\xa0nm wavelength

Large-scale layers peeling after the laser irradiation of dual ion beam sputtering coatings is discovered and a model is established to explain it. The laser damage morphologies relate to the laser fluence, showing thermomechanical coupling failure at low energy and coating layers separation at high energy. High-pressure gradients appear in the interaction between laser and coatings, resulting in large-scale layer separation. A two-step laser damage model including defect-induced damage process and ionized air wave damage process is proposed to explain the two phenomena at different energy. At relatively high energies (higher than 20 J/cm2), ionization of the air can be initiated, leading to a peeling off effect. The peeling effect is related to the thermomechanical properties of the coating materials.